Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

Literature Symbols and appear in mystical doctrine styles

The aim From this study to show the best style the poetic was use it , mystical doctrine was use in his poems they was give it special idea for mystical doctrine poetry from another Arabic poetry . this is special its comes from special invisibility for mystical doctrine existent . this invisibility have special invisibility from another to how see cosmology because it\'s looking to the presence contrast looking , it\'s looking there to man fest immanent with give the immanent first an the manifest but standing with another invisibility only with manifest not more .

Mystical doctrine effect in the relation ship mystical poetry in language they give it cooler have to stamp to appear this invisibility But the mystical doctrine the lose looking to the meaning and pronunciation in the light they give it important to meaning they give it more important and descriptive the original , because the was wrong the make pronunciation appear cerium anent descriptive to arrived the research from mystical doctrine language , language of beck, must be whose want to learn most be exceed visible pronunciation inside to arrived the truth meaning the want . they have different visible from another .

ALAKbariy s responses in his book ALTebiaan on ALFaraa Nouns section as exemplar It is a modest research on which we stood on the placements in which AlAkbari objected AlFaraa in his book AlTibyan in expressing Quran. AlAkbari responses are too many، not only on AlFaraa، but on many grammarians. We preferred to keep the reader on positions at which Akbari stopped، and he was sometimes faulting AlFaraa، and weakens his mind at other times. I produced them in nine places. Then set the responses and guidance grammarians those who agreed with Akbari، or those who objected or contracted him. We have found that some of these directives are not necessary in directing matters، as well as the clear impact of the dispute between the two schools Basriyah and Kufiyah. In addition to replies by Abe AlBaqaa we stood with those who AlAkbari had taken from them or hired their opinions in their responses to Alaraa and showed that he used Al-Basriyah school views or who agrees with it. AlAkbari did not abated in directing his opinion according to deems. Interestingly، he was firm in the defense of his directives.

The term Budaiya did not mean what comes to minds of late rhetoric scholars who define it as "a science of improving the expression following taking good care of its application in accordance with the requirement and clarity of the significance." However, it meant highlighting the linguistic performance and means of artistic imagination. This is why, a lot of rhetorical styles are found under its umbrella which is not confined to any science.

Having said that, Budaiya means (improvement and euphemism) and its function is confined to beautification only.

However, is this concept acceptable?

There is no doubt that this concept is rejected categorically because when the writer or poet employs certain work, he knows its connotative meanings where he tries to convey his experience to his readers through his word. Besides, the argument is not about Budaiya following the meanings yet it is concerned with the strength of the word in question, its role in language and its relation to rhetoric.

So, we must look at art away from essential and accidental arguments. And as simile and omission have their own values in meanings alliteration and counterpoint have major roles in clarifying the meanings and ways of elaborating on them. And beside the musical rhythm of Budaiya image, it motivates human emotions. Moreover, it can go to the furthest horizons so as to be transport tool of creative vision and view in looking at things and the way of dealing with them, keeping their values at the same time.

Furthermore, literary work is described as a group of words, structures, themes, rhythms and thoughts united to achieve one goal that it is about pleasing the reader and when one of the pillars of literary works is weakened, it is going to be manifested in its thought clearly.

Among the issues studied by ancient scholars is the stressed letter, how to pronounce it, and its length. We decided to conduct an applied study to measure the lengths of stressed letters through a computer program called (Praat). This is done by taking samples of the sounds of stressed letters for famous readers, and comparing them with the narrations that show the lengths of stressed letters, which were mentioned by ancient reciters and those who came after them.

We divided the work into an introduction and two sections. In the first section, we mentioned the definition of stress, the levels of stressed letters, and their amount according to scholars.

As for the second section, it was devoted to a spectral study of stressed letters, and knowing the length of stressed letters, i.e. the time it takes to pronounce stressed letters according to the aforementioned computer program, and comparing them with the narrations mentioned in this regard. Then a conclusion and a list of sources and references.

Ibn Abi Rabia is considered to be at the forefront of the poets of love poetry in the Umayyad era, who devoted his poetry to flirting with women, and he preceded those around him, such as Al-Ahwas, Al-Arji, Wadhah Al-Yaman, and others. Perhaps the nature of the environment in which he grew up, the luxury that surrounded him, and the abundance of money led him to not pay attention to what he engaged in, in terms of flattery and sycophancy to the caliphs, governors, and dignitaries of the era, in order to obtain money. He explored the depths of women and drew their images through this vision, so he built his stories, and we mean here the stories of women who are not spoken about, so he exposed the thinking of the Hijazi woman and what she conceals and what she dreams, and this is a boldness that is recorded for the poet, so he exposed their conversations with what they hide in them of joy and sadness, and there is no doubt that he is a poet who has ventured into the intersection with what is prevalent from the traditional vision that the Arab ear is accustomed to in constructing the text, as the old does not accept the new child who rushes with his vision after a difficult labor, he does not want to believe in that, so the struggle begins, and survival depends on the strength of the new child, the poet was able to draw the features of his experience, which prompted a great poet like Jarir to say: "He continued to rave until he said poetry."

Western scholars, scientists and philosophers have put forward many literary theories, and they have raised controversy among them due to the difference in the direction of each one of them, and according to the culture and study of each of them, but in their essence, content and form, they have provided benefit, depth and diversity in dealing with literary texts of various types. Among these theories are: structuralism, deconstruction, symbolism, expressionism and semiology. In this research paper, I have chosen semiology or semiotics; in one aspect of it is the semiotics of the title, and its application to the poems of the collection of fragments and ashes by the Iraqi poet Nazik Al-Malaika. The research came in three axes preceded by an introduction in which I spoke about the importance of the title in the literary text. In the first axis, I studied the structure of the title. In the second axis, I studied the significance of the title. In the third axis, I studied the function of the title. From these axes, multiple applications branched out, in which the research attempted to include most of the titles, studying them - in application and interpretation - and the research came out with results that were recorded in the conclusion of the research.

The poet Ahmed Matar has a distinctive stylistic theme in choosing words, distributing them, and arranging the parts of the sentence for artistic and aesthetic purposes, shaking the reader with its deviations, conflicting connotations, fragmentation of its reading, and density of its meaning, calling for a reader who is proficient in the game of linguistic puzzles with a high cultural load so as not to slip into the labyrinths of meanings... His language is special within the general language, and his discourse is unusual within ordinary communicative discourses. He establishes his self and his aesthetics in his rebellion against the grammatical/syntactic influence, and against the common linguistic norms. This intervention, entitled: "The Aesthetics of Sarcasm in the Poetry of Ahmed Matar, a Stylistic Study", seeks to reveal poetic aspects and aesthetic manifestations in Ahmed Matar's satirical poetry, in order to stand on the artistic flash, and the aesthetics of the fusion that occurs between the word and the structure, and also to stand on the unbridled aesthetics that characterize this poetry in terms of construction, analysis, organization, and expression...

The sciences of rhetoric are the repository of the secret of the sciences of Arabic, and the manifestation of its majesty. There is no virtue or advantage to speech except through what it contains of its subtleties, and what is deposited in it of its characteristics. There is no distinction or victory for one speaker over another except through what he weaves of its embroidery, and what he utters of its pearls, and what he breathes of its magic, and what he reaps of its ripe fruits.

There is no doubt that the keenness on this topic was due to the special importance that a research of this kind occupies. That is because whoever contemplates the masters of rhetoric and its icons cannot help but acknowledge the dominance of these men and their scientific method.

Hence the importance of the research, as it identifies a scholar of the ancient school, namely Imam al-Rasani - may God have mercy on him - and through our study of his interpretation, a rhetorical study in the science of meanings, and presents his vision regarding it, which will contribute to revealing this school to a large part of the rhetorical tools and discussions and their procedures. Then, the fact that Imam al-Rasani is a scholar of Islamic science and a great linguist, and this is something that reveals another aspect of the importance of this topic, as it will reveal the depth of the connections between rhetorical and linguistic discussions and Islamic sciences.

The author is Mohammad Ibn Mahmoud Ibn Abdulhaq AL-Umari, and I was honored by investigating his message that is titled "Exultation in interpreting reservation". Moreover, it is photocopied from a unique copy of AL-Azhariya Glorious Library.

So, the author elaborated on one of the systems of Munasakhat (it is the death of one or more heirs before dividing the inheritance) in an easy style supported by examples and explanatory diagrams.

The paper is divided into two parts:

First part: Academic part, it consists of two chapters.

Chapter one: Introduction about the author

Chapter two: Introduction with regard to the message and approaches of investigation.

Second part: The investigated texts

The no doubt that there are great efforts made by the nation's scientists in the Sharia Sciences service, including knowledge of the assets of Islamic jurisprudence, particularly science derive rulings and significance of words Among those signs denote the word indefinite article if returned hating or knowledge and knowledge if returned hating or ahi know the same or other?

It has stood on the unique manuscript of Sheikh Mohammed gift of God coronary Hanafi Baalbaki this manuscript addressed the important issue related to multiple science are related assets Fiqh Arab and science as their applications in interpretation and other lies importance that fundamentalists did not stand on this issue single book or a letter, but mentioned some of them within the theme absolute or general formulas nutshell.

And Sheikh Mohammed gift of God coronary Hanafi between al-Qaida in detail and graduation and subsidiarity was a valuable message in the door did not weaves like a made accessible and rarity where I did not find the length of the search only one copy unique and what it contained solid scientific investigations, and I wanted to do I achieve them; a contribution from me in the Heritage Revival Islamic, and the belief that one of the greatest scientific works to highlight the words of our scientists and their investigation and identify the benefits and Msailhm Fraidha and whatever the composition of the possibility of not up to what Euclid those extraordinary.

The Holy Quran is rich in artistic styles, full of beauty features, and a collection of Arabic sciences and Islamic knowledge. It was the inexhaustible source of Islamic thought. Scholars and researchers did not reach the bottom of its surroundings, nor did they reach the peaks of its mountain, due to its abundance of arts of sayings and motivations for ideas. It was distinguished by the sublimity of styles and the miracle of structures. Hence, the tools for reaching its secrets and understanding the aims of its connotations varied. However, encompassing the critical dimensions and investigating rhetorical patterns, and following its stylistic advantages and expressive characteristics in a comprehensive and inclusive manner, is extremely difficult. It requires a concerted effort to complete the work completely. From this standpoint, our study of the Almighty’s saying, “And the male thief, male or female, cut off their hands” came as the subject of this research, and it came in two parts: grammatical and rhetorical.

(Contexts of supplication and invocation in Al Imran and its purpose).

I divided the research into an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion.

In the first section, I studied supplication, which is an expression of an independent spiritual phenomenon that stems from the feelings of the believing soul, and I divided it into two requirements.

The first included: the context of the situation, which was part of the context of the situation, and it depicts the social, psychological, and cultural circumstances of the speaker.

As for the other requirement: I began by talking about the educational context in the Holy Quran, which is a partial context, closely related to the context of the situation, or the context of the situation, and the educational context here is specialized in the field of education for the Muslim community that reveals to it the hidden innate motives from which deviation begins if they are not controlled by constant vigilance.

In the second section: I addressed supplication, and I stated in it that supplication is only for God alone, with no partner, and that the reality of the one divinity is in supplication to Him, then the reality that worldliness is only for God, the Self-Sustaining, the One and Only.

The descriptive semantic research in the Holy Quran and the Noble Prophetic Sunnah did not stop at a certain limit. From all of the above, I strove hard to extract and deduce the secrets of the Quran and its connotations in the words of study and teaching, and to clarify its pearls and miraculous gems hidden in the folds of the Holy Quran as much as possible, and what it included of wonderful artistic depiction through the uniqueness of its rhetorical signs, and its clear and evident call to treat the reality of societies shared among human beings, for what it carries of connotations of calling and guidance, and the sublimity of manners, for its origin goes back to the Book.

My love for this type of interpretation made me approach it as a descriptive, semantic and objective method, following in the footsteps of scholars who recorded their lofty semantic depictive contemplations in the Noble Book of Allah.

I have painstakingly researched the words of (study) in the Holy Qur’an, and what their objective and artistic connotations indicate, despite the differences in their formulations and the diversity of their contextual orientation, extracting their subtle connotations as much as possible.

(The Theory of Beauty in Islam) His plan consisted of three axes with which he proceeded to write the research. These three axes are:

The concept of beauty.
The beauty of the Holy Quran.
Towards a theory of beauty.
I collected the Quranic verses and prophetic hadiths that are related to the title of the research, then I interpreted and analyzed the verses and hadiths, drawing information from books of interpretation, books of rhetoric, and Arabic dictionaries. Then I concluded the research with the results I reached.

It is the duty of the servant to know what pleases Allah and hasten to do it, and to know what displeases Him and strive seriously to avoid it; so that he may attain happiness in this life and the hereafter. Islamic jurisprudence is the path that leads and the open door to guidance to that. In it, the lawful is known from the unlawful, the truth from the falsehood, and the correct from the corrupt. Therefore, the jurists of Islam clarified its issues, demonstrated its evidence, arranged its arguments, averted its problems, and revealed its incidents, deriving that from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the consensus of the nation that it is suitable for all times and places. So my research was entitled (Sale and the Ruling on Mixing Therein: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study), which included an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion.

Islamic civilization included theoretical and urban aspects, introducing people to the principle of consultation and the system of allegiance in governance. It also introduced them, through Islamic economics, to the right of the poor to the wealth of the rich and the system of the public treasury. It introduced them to religious and moral manners, including enjoining good and forbidding evil, abandoning forbidden things, and caring for women, giving them many of their usurped rights and opening the door for them to participate in building this human civilization. The field of architecture was one of the fields in which Muslims left their clear and prominent fingerprints on human civilization. Buildings and structures such as mosques, schools, palaces, baths, ribats, and many others, some of which still exist to this day, are evidence and witness to the development, progress, and prosperity that Islamic civilization has achieved.

Prince Othman bin Abdul-Mu'min (533-571/1138-1175) is one of the figures who played an important role in establishing the Almohad state in the Maghreb and Andalusia. He comes in third place after his two brothers Abu Yaqub the Caliph and Abu Hafs the Minister.

Studies have extensively investigated the issue of the emergence and establishment of the Almohad state and the role of Abdul-Mu'min and his sons, but they have focused on the two brothers Abu Yaqub as the Caliph and Abu Hafs the Minister. As for our friend Othman bin Abdul-Mu'min, their third brother, they have not shed much light on him, and it can be said that they have overlooked him. Therefore, our research came to shed light on important aspects of his personality and his political and administrative influence in the various stages that the Almohad state went through.

In addition to being a successful military and administrative leader, he was a lover of science and knowledge, as he brought the best scholars of Morocco and Andalusia close to him, and harnessed all their capabilities in the service of the state and the prince.

The reign of Prince Abu Said over the Maghreb and Andalusia was one of the eras full of political, cultural, economic and scientific achievements, and it is a natural extension of the renaissance witnessed during the reign of his father, Abd al-Mu'min ibn Ali, and his sons after that.

This research sheds light on the political and intellectual movements and parties opposing the rule in Saudi Arabia since Ibn Saud took control of Riyadh in 1902 until the end of the rule of King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz in late 2014. To date, no political or party organization can operate or obtain a license to practice its work. This is in accordance with the Saudi law known as the State Security Law issued in 1961, which includes a sentence of either death or life imprisonment ([i]) for anyone who engages in any opposition party or political work. The research is divided into five major movements: the tribal movement, the nationalist movement, the socialist-Marxist movement, the liberal-reformist movement, and the religious movement. Each movement includes a group of political parties, movements, or organizations. Although many parties that fall under the headings of these movements overlap historically and chronologically, that is, they were founded at close times. This methodologically prevents us from discussing them in order according to their founding dates. Therefore, we will discuss each movement, party, or political movement separately, taking into account the circumstances of the founding of each organization and its historical reality, which practically requires combining the explanation of the studied political phenomena with the historical approach.

The study of Arab events and issues has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers, and the Palestinian issue has taken an important aspect as it is the central issue for the Arabs, as the Arab countries took a supportive stance towards the Palestinian Arab people after Britain showed its support for the Zionist entity and its efforts to withdraw Palestine from its Arab fold by establishing a Jewish state as an effective means to implement colonial plans in the Arab region.

The position of the Lebanese government was supportive of the Palestinian people's issue along with the positions of other Arab countries, and the Lebanese Prime Minister Riad Al-Solh played a prominent role in defending the Palestinian issue through his attendance at the meetings held by the Council of the Arab League or in international forums.

The study consisted of two chapters, the first of which dealt with the developments of the Palestinian issue until 1947, while the second chapter shed light on the position of the United Nations General Assembly on the Palestinian issue, and the Lebanese government's reaction to the issuance of the partition resolution.

Researching the political situation of Tabaristan from the conquest until 225 AH/840 AD is important, as the Arab Islamic state in Tabaristan faced great difficulties when they conquered this region, as it is located to the north of Iran, south of the Caspian Sea, which gave it great political and commercial importance. In addition to the importance of its location, the region suffered from its difficult geographical environment, the confusion of its political situation, and the intensity of its inhabitants’ resistance to the Arab Muslim conquerors. Therefore, it was difficult to conquer Tabaristan for many years, and Islam did not enter it except through the Zaidi Alawite preachers.

Al-Zuhri is one of the figures that scientific studies and research have not shed light on, and in our desire to emphasize the importance and role of this figure and the position of his author among the geographical and historical books in the Arab library, most of the people I asked about the extent of their knowledge and reliance on Al-Zuhri's book answered that they did not know or rely on the book as a source in the Arab geographical library. All of the aforementioned things prompted me to bring out this book widely to all those interested in it so that they can benefit from it in the field of research and study. Therefore, I approached the research from several aspects, namely the sources that Al-Zuhri relied on in his book, which were diverse and comprehensive between transmission, hearing and observation. This matter makes me realize that Al-Zuhri had read a huge amount of books from people who preceded him in the field, so he referred to them by the name (astronomers, philosophers, sages, doctors, scientists in the area of ​​the earth, astrologers and historians). All of this narration that he transmitted from them came as an abbreviation of what his predecessors wrote, out of his desire to narrate the ambiguous texts, or perhaps he did not mention them because they were doubtful.

The study of architectural heritage takes on its importance in the field of historical studies because it is based on a descriptive basis for some architectural pillars and institutions that are mentioned in the theoretical texts that our historians address. Therefore, research in this aspect reveals an important aspect of the Arab-Islamic heritage, which is the method that historians followed to deal with this aspect through reading and scrutiny in the folds of the texts that were mentioned.

The problem of unplanned land uses (slums) in major Arab cities is one of the housing and population problems that Baghdad suffers from in general and Kadhimiya in particular, and the municipal units were unable to provide community services to the residents of the slums. However, this phenomenon increased after 2003, as immigrants encroached on state lands and people built slums from materials available from the local environment. These areas overlapped with planned land uses, which led to the distortion of the contemporary urban fabric and the loss of the aesthetics of the city. The researcher relied in his study on a comprehensive field survey of slums, in addition to the information that the researcher obtained from the Kadhimiya Municipality Unit and relevant departments. The study focused on slums and their negative effects on the city and its residents in terms of pressure on community services and pollution of the city.

The ability of Islam to encompass sciences and knowledge is no longer in doubt, after the enemies of Islam or those ignorant of its reality promoted such claims due to the conflict between some religious facts and some scientific opinions that were not destined for success. Rather, scientific facts confirmed the validity of Islamic principles, and that any conflict is not a clash with established scientific facts, but rather a disagreement - if it occurs - with some hypotheses that are subject to refutation and challenge and whose validity has not been proven. This is what motivated researchers to seek to know the opinion of Islam in many modern scientific fields, or its position on them, or its view of them, and among these sciences are the sciences of education and psychology, as researchers in them cite the sayings of the founders of these sciences from Western thinkers, and we do not find in the folds of these books and research any Islamic reference other than the Quranic verse in the introduction to the book if it exists.

One of the characteristics that distinguishes man from others in the animal kingdom, in addition to being a linguistic being, is that he is a social being. He cannot but live in his society, and this necessity is imposed on him by his biological nature. Social behavior is only applied to organized social exchange, which we do not find in children except when they show interest in adults, and when they become able to participate with others in a unified activity and exchange feelings, words and actions with others, whether friendly or hostile. Social relations begin at home when social ties are established between the child and people who have special consideration in his life, such as parents, relatives and peers (Hermes and Ibrahim, 1988: 377-378).

The research gains its importance from:

1-Studying social development, by which we mean acquiring the ability to behave according to the standards and expectations of society. The process of transforming a child into a social being requires knowledge of the standards of society in order to adapt his behavior according to them, and to practice the behavior that the group has determined and that its members expect from him. A social person is one who behaves in a socially acceptable manner and performs the role that society has determined for him. The process of a child acquiring socially acceptable behavioral patterns that are consistent with what is prevalent in the society to which he belongs is called socialization. This process is done by introducing the culture of the society into the construction of the personality, as through it the person acquires his human qualities and integrates into social life (Hermes and Ibrahim, 1988: 378).

2- Studying personality, as individuals are interested in their different positions and interests in psychology, especially in personality as one of the branches of psychology because of the charm and attractiveness of personality, as personality is the subject of interest for artists, poets, writers of stories and plays, religious men, politicians, as well as economics, trade and advertising, in addition to the audience factor, as every person wants to be a person loved by others, lives in peace and has healthy, desirable relationships that are self-evident.

3- The concept of personality is one of the most complex concepts in psychology; Because it includes all physical, cognitive, and emotional traits, interacting with each other within the individual's traits, and for this reason opinions have multiplied and concepts have varied in their treatment of the concept of personality in terms of its nature, characteristics, components, processes, dynamics, and theories (Al-Dahri, 2011: 17-18).

4-The scarcity of Arab studies, especially Iraqi ones, in the field of face charts, to the best of the researcher's knowledge.

The Glorious Qur'an is regarded as the greatest book in the world for its unique style and important topics. Besides, the Glorious Qur'an is of divine authorship. The current paper is divided into four parts. The first is about the relation between ambiguity, context and translation. Part two deals with translation and its relation to the Glorious Qur'an, whereas the third part is concerned with the ayas chosen for the paper and their commentaries. Finally, Part Four is the practical part. It is about assessing the translations of the Qur'anic word (jazā') depending on existing Qur'anic translations to see how far those translators are successful in rendering the said word, especially the word concerned has two different meanings used in two different cases. The paper addresses the following points: the ability of translators to differentiate between the Qur'anic word (jazā') when it is found in an aya that deals with punishment and when it is available in an aya that is concerned with prize and good deeds. The paper is based upon the following hypotheses:
1- Translators seem to render the Qur'anic word (jazā') into a word with positive connotation in all ayas that have the said word without differentiating between its positive and negative meanings.
2- Translators are likely to deprive the ayas that consist of the Qur'anic word (jazā') of context within the process of translation.
To verify the above-mentioned hypotheses ten ayas containing the Qur'anic word (jazā') have been chosen and four published translations have been consulted. The translations of the Qur'anic word (jazā') have been assessed in the light of the theoretical framework and the model designed by the researcher sment. The results of the paper have validated all the hypotheses. It has been found out that all translators did not differentiate between the Qur'anic ayas that embrace negative meanings and others that have positive meanings in translating the said word. This means that most translators rendered the Qur'anic word (jazā') into a word with positive connotation in all ayas regardless of their contexts.

This study aims at examining the apology behavior of married couples; Iraqis and Americans. Gender- based differences are taken into consideration. The data is collected by means of DCTs (discourse completion tasks). The findings show that both American and Iraqi couples are in favor of long apologies. Yet, more Iraqi wives than Americans used long apologies. The American and Iraqi husbands used long apologies at the same rate. As to gender differences, they are more obvious in the American than Iraqi data. However, it is hard to say that women are more apologetic than men. The findings are interpreted and discussed according to several different factors.