Journal of the College of Education for Women

n for women
Department of Computer Science
Abstract
The good and homogenous lighting is important in resolution image
and obtaining high contrast in visual image. In this research, three texts have
written on Wight board and they were picturing by digital camera on a different
distances between the text and digital camera depends on florescent lighting
using Sobol Operator image to obtain edges for three image text image. The
mean (statistical and diagonal) contrast has been determined to the text
image in edges diagonal) contrast of text images decreases with increases the distance
between the camera and the board

The energy consider generally and specifically the petroleum energy
from the prior requirement of the population and nations, and the basics of the
survival of mankind and all the challenges for the sake of continuum, so
without this energy the life of ankind being varied, so far the life is still as a
fact on the planet earth, and suppose the life may continue as the willing of
Allah ,that the events and the standards and the degree of development is still
as it is, in another word no any technical developments and no any
entertainment no transportation and also there is no demographic domination
for the whole lands belonging to Allah, certainly no way to talk more on what
we and the others knew, what is the great impact on our life and for the
future of our coming generation and on the technical developments that
charged our continuum and the life style on various fields .The greediness is
increased and the desire is overcoming to control on populations meantime
these superpower countries is already succeeded by means of making use of
this energy and ruled on the third world countries that is also ruled by their
leaders to punish their fellowships, and at the same time they obey and follow
the orders that submits all the wicked for humankind and be slave to
murderers, under the consideration of no choices. So the best and the worse
being together till the Holly Koran split the concepts and the peoples follow
the philosophy and obey the instruction and show all the commitment toward
the standards which are full of wisdoms, for this reason or another they could
establish and develop their nations and promote their conditions toward the
best. What is concerning to our self that in spite of all advantages and
benefits submitted from Allah that provides us with various kinds of energy
resources ,we went to follow the devil ,and to destruct our society we have
been in touch with the murderers ,criminals and saw how the infrastructures
is completely damaged meanwhile the holly Koran is among us introduce all
the benefits and all the advantages and reminding us that not even the oil and
gas is a available for us but all kind of energies like (solar, waters and the
winds), and different kinds of minerals like (sulfur, phosphate uranium, iron,
copper, aluminum, limestone, clay minerals and salt) and so on. These
benefits are provided to Mankind in order to make use of it and to let the
believers to be grateful, so this Surat in Koran is to explain and show the
greatness of the creator and how to open horizon for better life for human
kind.

f Baghdad
Abstract
The symbolic image refers to the thing which symbolizes it and embodies
the meaning in the recipient's conscience taking into consideration the
general context. The thesis of Al-Nibahi is based on a simple tale stating that
the palm, which had a venerable status among the Arabs because of its good
origin, ingrained springing and its delicious fruit, lost its status; however, it
continued standing in veneration and silence near the wall of Alhambra. This
palm has complained from harm and negligence, as it has warned of the
waste, and awakened the people to present the defect of its harm. This
research finds through these ideas that the palm was of the Arabic sovereignty which restricted to Granada. The complaints of the
palm warned and referred to the next threat. The presence of this image has
achieved by several rhetorical arts, the techniques of objective narration by
enlistment, description and presentation, and the techniques of subjective
narration by dialogue and retrieval. The symbol transforms the natural
phenomena into an idea, and an idea into an image; thus, the symbol has a
subjective meaning at the time it refers to unlimited meaning out of it and
depending on it.

rsity
**Baghdad University
Abstract:
The aim of this research is to show the importance of the effective use
of the internet in academic libraries; to improve the services and to increase
the competence of librarians.
The research has given some recommendations to improve the quality
of services and the need for coo

This paper deals with assessment and focuses on ‘rubric’ which has stemmed
largely from a growing concern about the inadequacy of information provided by
most present–day assessment. Rubrics have led to a shift in emphasis from labelling
and grading to diagnosis and evaluation, and hence a shift from norm to criterion
referencing as the basis for evaluating students' performances. The present paper
attempts to answer the following questions and eventually presents some examples of
rubrics

Islam has paid great deal of attention to land issue where has been
considered most resources for providing Muslims with water and food and
building on that we notice that the Islamic government worked hardly to give
attention ton the land especially newly included under control of Muslims
especially that they had got with out fighting or bloodshed but had been
included via reconciliation with the landlords so the Muslims had share in that
would be taken either in cash or in materials in a value would be differentiated
following several issues like type of harvest and method of watering the land
and religion of the landlords.
So Muslims had listed laws and rules that enable them typical investment
for that lands , Due to importance of the topic we had taken that in research
Chronological history taking in mine the policies of that different Islamic
governments towards that lands that had been gained in reconciliation by
Muslims with caring that these political disagreements meant with caring to
high interests of Islamic state and to keep the Arabs as warrior nation without
caring to agriculture, But to keep landlords on their lands , as well as
maintaining stable financial source for Islamic state and to preserves on
interests of next generations in that lands without keeping that lands under
custody of a certain Muslims category , Also the Islamic government was
careful that he who would undertake farming land is the most acknowledged
in farming it and most capable rather than others , This proves that Muslims
were careful to adopt correct policies towards agricultural lands and it's big
importance in public life of Muslims.

nsiriya University
Abstract
After this trip start to get interesting conclusion, conclusion and maintenance station,
the conclusion, where we summarize the most important findings:
1. We found that the triads are the conversations that will be assigned in three narrators
between the workbook and the Prophet .
2. The number of triangles is the Imam recaps (15) recently, and all true only recently one
well in the Book of Rites and the modern were weak in the book authorization and the Book of
Virtues of the Quran.
3. Triads varied in the ways of drama at the gates of Islamic jurisprudence, he may talk and
one each from the Book of purity and prayer, fasting, marriage and the tortillas and the virtues
of the Quran, and has had three conversations in each of the Book of Rites and polite and
sales.
4. And diversity as well as the lesson of this hadith, hadeeth is da'eef purity and stood it on
the kindness of the Prophet in his dealings with his companions, and kindness to them, as
well as the capacity of the chest-Sharif and his humility as began clearing the mosque honest
in his hand; It transpires that a great reward for clearing the mosque and clean it.
5. And modern hate slugs him in the mosque Vostvid literature with Allah (U), and as long as
the person in prayer, he is in monologue with God, and that the Prophet minutes things we
learned our religion did not leave us something even etiquette slugs.
6. In an interview guide on the status of Ashura Day of Ashura, and the significance of that
intent is not required Etbitha.
7. In conversations stoning ritual that is valid in any case, walking or riding, and is required for
Umrah Tawaf and seek between Safa and Marwah. And a keen love for the prophet and the
prophet .
8. In an interview with the wedding feast, the feast that is subject to mustahabb least a solvent
and a sheep on the other to the extent of it and after entry.
9. In an interview with taxi cupper benefit from it is permissible to take the doctor for the taxi,
and emphasize the importance of cupping and that the Prophet is often treated with cupping.
10. In an interview with the boy who brings behind wives of the Prophet and stood too much
on command of the Prophet Baltervq women and Usith them good, and the use of the
Prophet the word bottles rather than women because of its impact on the listener, and it is
permissible to Alhaddae if safe from obscenity.
11. In an interview with the virtues of the Quran is subject to Fadel Al-fidelity, as well as any
chair, as well as the other two preferred the two verses of Sura, and it is permiss

The civil war in Seralion is considered as complex model of internal conflicts in Africa because link to crises have relation to political, economical, social and cultural conditions, which were infected by disability and paralysis in function performance internationally or regionally. and what have effect on Seralion's relation
In this research discussed three parts, the first is the factors of rise civil war in Seralion, the second indicated the effected determiners in civil war in Seralion, the third shown the factors of put end to civil war in Seralion.
The research concluded to significant reality that civil war in Seralion had strategic effects on regional or international relations.

This study focuses on the writing skill which is a social act .Students need to express
themselves in writing, but students of History and Geography departments are poor in
writing. This study aims at identifying and classifying the errors committed by the
students, and then giving remedies.
Writing can be considered as a channel or as a goal of language learning.
Students learn to write in a foreign language. Writing as a goal basically focuses on
the development of writing skills to fulfill such purposes as note-taking, summarizing,
narrating, reporting and replying required for various real-life situation
(Mechalakelli,2007)
Students at Departments of Geography and History study English as a part of
their syllabus requirement in the College of Education for Women. The researcher
realizes that it is important to improve students' skills in writing because it is an
important tool to their profession and for further education in the future. Therefore,
this study is an attempt to evaluate the writing skills of the second class evening
students (History and Geography)Departments.
The students are asked to write a paragraph on topics based on their reading
passages, chosen from their prescribed textbooks. They had been trained to construct
a well- organized paragraph in their preparatory schools for three years until their
graduation. Hence, the study attempts to find the students' errors in their writing in
English.

The Bajilian had their important part in the first civilian war between
Muslims. Whether they were against the Umayyad caliphate or with it, who
were small in number, but they had their important part in that actions.
The Bajilian who were against the umayyad caliphate had an important
role in the fall of Umayyad monarchy.
The tribe connections between the bajilians were stronger than their
political differences, which had influnces in that time. The bajilians who were
in muawiya palace were a good diffencer for the bajilian who were in the side
of the calThere were big efforts giving by others inorder to decrease the bajilian
efforts in conquering iraq and the east. That made bajilia realizing that the
caliphate treated them injustly, that made the bajilian feeling angry against the
rightly guided caliphs and the umayyad caliphate that made this tribe to be
with the opposition partys against the caliphs.

The Horn of Africa region is one of the most important strategic areas
according to the geopolitical classification of the world, thus the region held a
great importance throughout two historical ears specially for possessing
internal attraction factors either for it’s natural resources or for what it
represent as a central point for maritime transport. Adding to that the region
witnessed ethnic and political contradictions as well as cultural differences.
Because of the importance of the Horn of Africa region it has become
Fulcrum of the conflict among European powers Which worked hard to
impose its influence on this region for the purpose of monopolizing the
Geographical and strategic advantages which managed European powers,
after the Berlin Conference in (1884-1885) to impose it’s influence on some
parts of the region Prompting Ethiopia to coordinate with the Western powers
Pretext that it is a Christian state to cooperate with them in the division of the
territory of the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia, managed to share their dreams in
controlling the States (Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan) and draw political
boundaries. This division disregarded (The tribes living on both sides of the
borders) the right to self-determination, imposing impact on Ethiopia's
relations with neighboring countries, including Sudan from the west
The division led both countries to fall into conflicts as well as borders
and ethnic problems which lasted for several political eras and for several
successive regimes, it also gave way to regional powers allowing these
powers to practice there role to put pressure on many Arab countries,
especially Egypt and Sudan, which has had an impact on both countries
safety.
The entitled thesis (Sudanese-Ethiopian contemporary relations) will
discuss the nature of the relation that linked the two countries especially in
light of successive Sudanese regimes which significantly influenced the
course of that relation

Khaddar
Karkook University - College of Education – History Dept.
Abstract
Incoming mail from The Arabian Gulf shifted its route to the city of
Aleppo in 1755 as it was used to be sent to Kuwait instead of the city of
Basra. That route became of great importance to the East India -English
Company. British government extended its influence to Muscat and the
southern coast of the Arabian Gulf after the Maritime peace treaty (Peace
Treaty General) being signed on January 21st 1820 and its immediate
aftermath of the treaties of peace with Sheiks of the region .Thereafter, Britain
started to spread its influence to Kuwait and practice pressures on is Sheikhs
who rejected to comply with the British pressures.
The actual activity of the British consuls in Kuwait mainly appeared
between the years 1886-1945 as the agents, British consuls and staff were
playing an active role. In 1886, which was an outstanding year, were One of the most active consuls, worked in Kuwait, was Colonel Bell who
witnessed the era of Sheikh Sabah bin Jabber 1859-1866. All reports assured
the importance of Kuwait in the fields of business, transport and
communications as well as reports of the British Vice-Consul (Jackson), who
asserted the need to protect Kuwait and keep it away from the domination of
Ottoman Empire as well as others.
To compete with British consuls, Russian and German consuls were
involved to take part in concluding agreements with Kuwait after the formal
agreement between Britain and Kuwait. Such conventions led to the
announcement of the competition with clear indication to the French
competition on consular levels. The most important activities of the British
consuls after the end of World War I and the end of World War II, confirmed
the active role of British diplomats in the Arabian Gulf and the role of rulers of
Kuwait as wel