Surra Man Ra'a

The phenomenon of school waste, both failure and dropout, is one of the most important problems facing educational systems in most countries of the world. It cannot be viewed as an individual problem related only to the failing or dropping out student, but rather it is a problem with multiple aspects at the level of the individual or society, and from here the seriousness of this phenomenon emerges. The phenomenon, its consequences, and its effects that apply to the student as an individual, his family, and the society in which he lives through the loss of human and material energies in the educational system. The hypothesis was formulated through the interplay of several factors that led to the emergence of the phenomenon of school waste in the city of Hawija. The aim of this research was to study and try to find out the reasons that led to the exacerbation of the phenomenon of school dropout in the study area.

Islam was weak in its early stages of formation, and needed money to establish its pillars, meet its requirements, and strengthen it; because most of its followers were weak, poor, and slaves at the beginning. Islam encouraged the liberation of slaves who had recently converted to Islam, and considered it one of the virtuous deeds, especially after they had been tortured by their masters. This prompted the wealthy companions, such as Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, Uthman ibn Affan, and Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, may God be pleased with them, to influence this destitute class in Meccan society and free them from their masters. On the other hand, Islam encouraged spending and charity on the poor, needy, and weak. As for the call, they preferred their money to redeem Islam and support the religion. We find some of them spending all of their money to equip armies, as Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, did, and some of them spent a great amount of money that no one had ever spent, as Uthman ibn Affan, may God be pleased with him, did.

Research related to the style of the Holy Quran is one of the most important linguistic studies; because of its connection to the Book of Allah Almighty، and because it reveals the secrets of the wonders of this great book and its unique contents، and hence this research entitled: (Stylistic Views on Surat Al-Ikhlas) is part of those research related to this matter. It is no secret that the researcher in the stylistic study only stands on the unique uses that the creator chose in his blog intentionally، so it was necessary to limit himself to studying some uses without others; because of the special creative effect they have.

This study deals with the female identity in the novels “Al-Bagh” and “Dalshad” by Bushra Khalfan, where women occupied an important space in these two novels that highlighted their role in modern Omani society. This research concluded that the aspect of motherhood represents the essence of female identity in the two novels studied, as it did not This fundamental factor in the woman’s personality prevents her from being highlighted as a primary actor in social transformations in Oman.
In this study, the researcher went in a descriptive and analytical direction. He presented an introduction in which he dealt with the feminist movement and its most important historical features, then he dealt with the two studied novels quickly in which he gave a general idea about them, then he dealt with the feature of motherhood in the novel \"Al-Bagh\" as a basic feature in the formation of female identity, and then he stopped. Regarding the matriarchal chain in the novel “Dalshad”, this chain played an important role in highlighting the social historical transformations in the Sultanate of Oman, and the researcher concluded with a conclusion through which he highlighted the most important results of the research.

The study came to shed light on the impact of water on the emergence of historical cities in Iraq during the Abbasid era, with Baghdad and Samarra as a model. My choice of this topic came due to the importance of water in the emergence of historical cities and capitals, especially since the Abbasid era witnessed the emergence of the cities of Baghdad and Samarra, which are among the most important historical capitals in Iraq. The researcher traced the historical framework of the location of Iraq, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the climate of Iraq, the availability of ground and surface water, and their role in the emergence of Iraqi civilization and the establishment of cities and capitals. He focused on the Abbasid era and the role of the caliphs and princes in establishing irrigation projects for the continuity of life in these cities and their use in irrigation and agriculture, as well as Providing drinking water to the population. The Abbasid caliphs made strenuous efforts to ensure the continuity of water as it is the secret of life. They built dams and canals, dug rivers, and followed engineering methods in order to deliver water to distant areas by using the system of kaharez and ravines to transport water, which in itself is considered a technical revolution that represents the pinnacle of the engineering system in delivering water to City centers: The urban development of the cities of Baghdad and Samarra resulted from the tight water system and ways to benefit from the expertise of engineers and their contributions to developing irrigation methods and benefiting from the presence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in harnessing their resources in the development of the urban, social and economic life of Iraq.

To review the scientific and geographical journeys undertaken by Orientalists since the first century and study their historical and civilizational attitudes toward the Kaaba, as well as to understand Arab customs and traditions.
To analyze the historical texts reported by Orientalists about Hajj, focusing on their interest in Islamic rituals, particularly those relating to the holy sites.
To showcase the experiences of Orientalists who converted to Islam and donned Muslim attire to visit Mecca, such as the Swiss Orientalist Burckhardt, who performed Hajj in 1814 and provided an accurate description of the Arabian Peninsula, and the Spanish Orientalist Badia, who visited Mecca in 1807 under an alias and authored a book about his journey. Sir Richard Burton also visited Mecca and participated in Hajj but described Muslims in derogatory terms. Most of their journeys focused on Islamic sanctities and the significance of Hajj.
This study follows a historical methodology in analyzing the texts, comparing them with other historical sources. It will address the views of Orientalists and highlight their importance in conveying Western perspectives on Islamic civilization

It is known that the history of Islamic India has gone through many important periods with a clear impact on the reality of the country and the continuation of this influence until this time. Long، namely the Islamic Mughal Empire، which fell after the British occupation of India and the elimination of the ruling family، it was necessary to shed light on part of this relatively long period، which in its last period overlaps with the period of modern history، but its beginning was several centuries ago.
It is within the period of Islamic history، and several sultans from this state emerged، including the subject of research before us، Sultan Jalaluddin Akbar، who is one of the most controversial figures. But the most important thing is what he left in Indian society of great intellectual impact. His reign was generally characterized by a civilized and cultural prosperity unprecedented in the history of the Indian subcontinent، so it is necessary to shed light on this Sultan and his role in the civilizational and cultural movement.

The research aims to identify the methods used in employing infographics used in specialized sports journalism and to know their types. The researcher sought to use the survey method by analyzing the contents of infographics used in presenting news material in the Saudi Al-Riyadh newspaper by designing a content analysis form and identifying the analysis categories and coming up with the results of the study, which the researcher applied from 9/16/2023 to 9/16/2024 for the infographics of the Saudi Al-Riyadh newspaper.
The research problem emerged with the following main question: How are infographics employed in specialized sports journalism?
The researcher reached a number of results, the most prominent of which are:
1. The research results showed the great interest of the Saudi Al-Riyadh newspaper in focusing on infographics on sports content related to international football as well as local football.
2. The research results showed that the Saudi Sports Newspaper focuses on infographics that provide statistics, numbers and data.
3. Through observation during the study, it became clear that the Sports Newspaper attaches the text of the news to the infographic for greater clarification.

Domicile plays an important role in all areas of private international law, as it is used as a criterion for determining which law should be applied in cases related to personal status. With regard to nationality, there may be conditions in legislation related to obtaining national citizenship, such as residency or naturalization. As for foreigners, foreigners residing or settled in the country are treated differently from foreigners who are not localized. Domicile is used as a criterion for determining the international jurisdiction of national courts if the defendant has a domicile or place of residence in the country examining the dispute

The research addressed the issue of the educational composition of married women in Salah al-Din Governorate for the year 2023, and its goal was to identify their spatial distribution and educational levels according to the environment and administrative units. The research was divided into two axes, the first dealing with their geographical distribution, while the second dealt with their educational composition. The research concluded that there is a disparity between married women in their geographical distribution and educational composition, as a large percentage of them are concentrated in the lower educational levels, such as those holding an elementary school certificate or less, where their percentage reached 59%. As for those holding an intermediate, secondary, or vocational certificate, their percentage reached 27%, while those holding a bachelor’s degree reached 27%. Diploma certificate or higher, their percentage reached 14%. The research recommended the need to enhance educational opportunities for married women, especially in rural areas, in order to improve their quality of life and increase their participation in community development.

The study is concerned with the pragma-translation amalgam investigating how speech acts can be strategically utilized as manoeuvering tools and how translation can be strategically adapted to achieve the maneuverer's aims. A difficulty in both the strategic manoeuvering perception and rendition is attributed due to its maintenance out of its debate and trigger cultural inadequacy, cross code breakdown, etc. in its renditions. To conduct this study, five argumentations have been selected from the interview of the President of the Iraqi Parliament Council in his issuance of resignation decision with their four renditions as the data. An analytical-qualitative method of various theoretical rules, functions, mechanisms etc. is utilized to analyze the data under scrutiny. An eclectic model of mixed perspectives is developed involving Emeren and Grootendorst's (1984) employment of speech acts in strategic manoeuvering, Omar (2019) Speech acts of Strategic manoeuvering in the Pragmatic Study of Arabic Argument, Emeren (2010) in his modification of Searles' speech act taxonomy of manoeuvering acts, and Chesterman (2015) pragmatic adaptation strategies. The study comes with the most notable conclusion which is that speech acts are the dominant manoeuvering tactics defensively utilized in political debates whose translation requires a high degree of awareness of their strategic motives and an adequacy of pragmatic adaptation strategy for legitimating them strategically in the target language.

This research examines the profound intersections between Val Plumwood’s philosophical concept of interspecies dialogue and Richard Powers’ novel, The Overstory. It examines how Powers’ narrative, which centers on the lives of trees and their interconnectedness with human lives embodies Plumwood’s call for recognizing the voices and agency of the more-than-human world. By analyzing key characters and plotlines, the research demonstrates how The Overstory challenges anthropocentric worldviews, advocating for a more ethical and reciprocal relationship between species. Through the lens of Plumwood’s theory, this analysis highlights how the novel portrays trees as sentient beings and serves as a literary channel for fostering a deeper ecological consciousness and understanding of interspecies communication. Ultimately, this study reveals how Powers’s novel can be seen as a narrative manifestation of Plumwood’s vision, urging readers to listen to the echoes of the forest and engage in a dialogue that transcends species boundaries. The Overstory also challenges anthropocentrism and focuses on the dissolution of human/nature boundaries through interspecies dialogue, showing how the novel reflects Plumwood’s call to break down the hierarchical separation between humans and the more-than-human world .