The Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The Digital development, philosophy and Intellect produced what is known as “digital architecture”, where architectural forms, mechanisms and materials have been developed also as a result of the digital progress. Digitization created new concepts, ideas and forms characterized by its unique and special features. The digital revolution changed the aesthetic concepts and Led to the emergence of " glitch "as a new aesthetic perception .Glitch can indicate a new opportunity and a spark of creative energy to indicate that something new is going to be generated, which is a combination of order and disorder, balance and chaos, reason and madness, a new product and new concept of chaos theory. The research problem was the (lake of knowledge in the concept of glitch between order and chaos and how it can be modified by the designer to be an organized chaos to create digital products characterized by originality and uniqueness). As such, the aim of the research is to demonstrate the relationship between glitch, order and chaos in digital architecture. The main vocabulary were extracted from this study and previous studies. Then, the practical application was conducted on some selected projects that deletes chaos concept to express aesthetic by using the concept of glitch, to aspects final conclusions related to glitch, which is considered as an organized chaos, and that the relationship between order and chaos is strong thus no order excited without the presence of chaos.

This paper deals with the concept of identity in residential neighborhoods. The research problem is about a knowledge gap of identity in residential neighborhoods. Identity has been procedurally defined as: “It is formation, presence in place, and production in it. What is productive, is the activity of the immediate social-urban environment, in which we are raised. So the individual, and his existence is a background for his lived life. As for what he does, is his action, his touch on this existence. What he creates, is after his intellectual and visual processes in his immediate surroundings .It is sometimes considered as creation, repetition or “extension” of memory and feeling created in his context. Thus it will be denoted by what is existed and reformulated in his individual “subjective” state. The research aims to build a theoretical framework of identity in residential neighborhoods. The research hypothesis is that identity possesses characteristics, elements, and a function that is evaluated through a set of criteria. The research concluded that the inhabitant realizes his identity through a set of characteristics, elements and functions that the inhabitant evaluates according to a set of criteria that contributes in the realization of himself and his existence.

The Research Deals with The Relationship of Architecture with The Economy and The Role of Ephemeralization In Determining It Through Investing in The Sustainability and Development of Resources and Architectural Elements. Different designs require the selection of materials, constructive solutions, visual perception, and spatial experience. The Product Is Characterized by General Principles, Including Flexibility, Adaptation, And Rapid Construction, Because Of Its Guiding Importance for The Future Development of Design, Which All Work to Reduce the Costs of The Economy. The Economics of the Most Stable Ephemeralization Architecture Tends to Use Multiple "Token Lives" That Change According to Context and Usage. As Was Mentioned, The Research Deals with The Ephemeral Exhibition Wings, To Apply the Concept of Ephemeralization To Obtain the Highest Economic Efficiency by Reducing Materials, Energy, And Time and Intervening for Its Sustainability to Solve the Research Problem Represented by The Knowledge Deficiency About the Role of Ephemeralization For the Development of The Economy in Architecture. The Research Method Is Represented by Several Procedures to Achieve the Goal of The Research and Solve the Research Problem by Building the Theoretical Framework and Selecting Application Samples for Different Wings to Reach the Conclusions.

Many cities have witnessed intellectual changes regarding the process of renovating urban spaces, advocating the promotion of urban quality and sustainability, focusing on pedestrian movement, and emphasizing social interaction. These intellectual changes affected the design process of urban pedestrian bridges, which led to the emergence of new meanings and uses for them. Urban spaces started to have values and meanings linked to the identity of the city. This research aims to determine the impact of these intellectual trends according to the ideologies of contemporary urban design. The research defines pedestrian bridges and contemporary urban ideologies and their importance as a research topic. Several studies were reviewed, the research problem emerged (the lack of comprehensive knowledge and cognitive perception of the urban dimensions of pedestrian bridges in general, and in contemporary design ideologies in particular). The research adopted the descriptive-analytical method in building the theoretical framework, and then the practical study included evaluating the local experience (Al-Kuraiat pedestrian bridge) in Baghdad according to a quantitative scale (experts questionnaire). The results of the survey showed that the local project achieved good values. Can be justified by another local experience, as this bridge is considered the first pedestrian bridge over the Tigris River.

The ongoing emergence of new diseases that threaten the human race has resulted in the need to keep pace with the risk of infection through pursuing technological development and the emergence of new tests that are added to existing laboratories. The need is to find solutions that contribute to keeping pace with medical developments while accommodating patients' need for examinations on time while maintaining time and patient safety. The research assumes that international engineering standards will play a role in understanding and introducing this development by incorporating the concepts of merger and minimization by absorbing the new functions in the spaces while continuing to use the current spaces. By selecting a local hospital to conduct the practical study, the research aimed to evaluate local laboratories and their degree of compatibility with international standards by using merging and minimalism. To achieve minimalism while also having the option of future expansion and adding new vocabulary to the design.

The concept of urban memory is one of the concepts that has received increasing attention in recent periods as countries race to form their own identity. The existing literature focused on the definition of urban elements in general and how to preserve buildings and exploit their memory to operate the building. Through this, the need for knowledge appears to detail these elements, as the research problem was chosen through (lack of) a clear perception of the role of urban memory elements in reviving the place. The research goal emerged (exploring and categorizing the urban memory elements first, the criteria for success in reviving the second place, and the levels of the revival process. Through which we can apply this process thirdly, and as a result, the approach consists of several selected stages; first: building the theoretical framework from the keywords that were elected. They are (elements of urban memory, performance standards, activation levels), and their method was determined, and the sample represented in Al-Rasheed Street was selected, where the questionnaire was relied on to add people's memory to the place and represented them in urban elements, and finally the results were discussed at the theoretical and applied levels.

The emergence of many free structures in contemporary architecture and the transformation in aesthetics toward complex curved and folded shapes has led to a search for computer-aided design and geometric manipulations using discrete surfaces, which contributed to the creation of complex architectural surfaces that are both simple and economical at the same time. However, it is difficult to achieve such surfaces because of the complexity of representing them in an applicable and executable engineering body , and the hardship of studying and representing them structurally for they need a set of special engineering programs to obtain the required structural strength. Further, There is aneed for other engineering programs To simplify those surfaces and turn them into applicable ones. Hence, the research problem emerged to shed light on the "lack of a theoretical perception describing discrete surfaces and their role in formation the structure of contemporary architecture." The research initially dealt with the general knowledge of the discrete surfaces, and then extracted the theoretical framework relying on our knowledge about those surfaces, through presenting and analyzing three architectural examples to clarify the nature of those discrete surfaces and submit the main conclusions, recommendations and sources.

Topology or spatial science is one of the branches of modern mathematics that cast a shadow over various cognitive sciences, including architecture, as it began to overgrow in the contemporary digital age to make room for more creativity and structural design and implementation capabilities. Yet, the characteristics of this concept are still uncommon in the architectural community and the previous studies that dealt with it in fragmentary and separate concepts. Accordingly, the research problem is “the ambiguity of knowledge about the topological characteristics of contemporary architectural products.” The research seeks to form a comprehensive theoretical framework on the topological characteristics represented by flexibility, fluidity and integration. These characteristics were generated by influential topological theories and previous studies that dealt with this concept, such as adaptation theory, knot theory and symmetry theory. Its concepts and vocabulary helped establish a formative structure in contemporary architectural products and then applied this to the selected samples. It resulted in a knowledge base that allows designers to gain more creativity, uniqueness and inspiration, depending on the descriptive-analytical approach.

Iraq is witnessing an increasing population growth and an influx of migration from the countryside to the city. With the lack of urban lands, vertical housing has become the final solution to this problem. However, until recently, Iraqis have rejected vertical housing, and perhaps the most important reasons are social reasons. Through previous studies, it was found that the problem of social interaction is one of the most prominent problems in vertical housing. Thus, residents of vertical residential buildings achieved lower rates of social interaction than residents of single apartment buildings. The research uses a descriptive analysis method based on the vocabulary of the theoretical framework extracted from previous studies. Bismaya New City Project was chosen for the practical research because it was implemented after 2013 and because of the need for a number of design and planning mechanisms and strategies that contribute to its development and thus improve the level of social interaction in the city. The study indicated a difference in the ratios of the indicators of the theoretical framework, and the largest percentage was for the unrealized vocabulary. Therefore, the focus should be on planning and design factors that will increase the chances of an encounter between residents and complete horizontal social spaces with vertically connected social axes.