Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory arthritis, that can cause irreversible joint deformities and functional impairment. The current study was designed to assess the relationship between prolactin levels and rheumatoid arthritis in women and men patients with hyperprolactinemia, which included healthy samples (males 9, females 211) and samples of patients with arthritis (males 6, female 32), for studying the relationship of prolactin hormone with rheumatoid arthritis patient. There is an increase in the level of prolactin in the blood of RA patients (36.76±4.54) compared to the group of healthy controls (26.08±4.59), but this increase did not reach to a significant level (p < 0.05). Our study indicates that there is a possible association between prolactin and development of rheumatoid arthritis

The present study was carried out to evaluate the levels of vitamin A and B- carotene in sheep from different regions in Basra province /south of Iraq by used ELISA kit. Samples of serum were collected from (90) heads of sheep, in different ages and sexes. According to the results, the first group 9(10%) was clinically healthy, revealed the highest levels of vitamin A and B-carotene (4.1±0.3) nmol/l, (28.6±7.2) µg/ml respectively. The second group 81(90%) characterized by clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency with significantly lower (p<0.05) levels vitamin A and B- carotene in comparison with the first group as following (1.4±0.3) nmol/l, (16.03±1.5) µg/ml respectively. According to the regions(north, south, east and west of Basra governorate) ,the higher level of vitamin A and B-carotene were recorded in Al- zubair (2.0±0.2) nmol/l,(24.6±3.9)µg/ml respectively. While levels of vitamin A and B-carotene in the remaining regions were ranging between (1.2 ±0.2-1.5±0 .2) nmol/l, (10.9±3.1-17.3±3.9) µg/ml subsequently as well as we recorded the foodstuff on which the animal depends(Green, Dry, Mixed).The examination of 81 deficient animals for vitamin A, the clinical findings were showed: Blindness, abortion, nervous signs and diarrhea, in addition to the vital signs(temperature of the body. Pulse and respiratory rate) which hadn’t been affected by the deficiency of vitamin A nor B- carotene.ThereforesheepinBasrasufferingfromvitaminAdeficiencyduetoreducegreenforage,terrible management in addition sheep had low conversion rate of B-carotene to vitamin A.

Probiotic bacteria have become increasingly popular during the last two decades as a result of the continuously expanding scientific evidence pointing to their beneficial effects on human health. As a result they have been applied as various products with the food industry having been very active in studying and promoting them. Within this market the probiotics have been incorporated in various products, mainly fermented dairy foods. In light of this ongoing trend and despite the strong scientific evidence associating these microorganisms to various health benefits, further research is needed in order to establish them and evaluate their safety as well as their nutritional aspects. The purpose of this paper is to review the current documentation on the concept and the possible beneficial properties of probiotic bacteria in the literature, focusing on those available in food.

To detect HPV type1 and Molluscum contagiosum virus type 2(MCV II) molecularly in patient attending the dermatology clinic in Basrah hospitals. The study was conducted during the period from October 2017 to April 2019 in outpatient clinic of Basrah Teaching hospital, Al-Fayha hospital, and Al-Muanaa hospital in Basrah city/Iraq. A total of 22 warts samples were collected from patients presented with plantar warts and 15 samples from patients with MCV. The samples of plantar warts were identified genetically by using monoplex PCR system and confirmed by DNA sequencing, while the samples of MCV II were identified genetically by using PCR only depending on the size of the PCR products after electrophoresis. out of 22 plantar warts samples, 17 (77.27%) samples were positive according to monoplex PCR method, while 5 (22.72%) samples were negative by this method. All 17 positive samples were sent to sequences and confirmed to HPV type1.And the sample of MCV II 6 (40 %) samples were positive with PCR technique, while 9 (60 %) samples were negative by PCR method. The results of MCV showed that 11 (73%) of the patients are of the age group (1-11 years), of whom 9 (60%) are male, 6 (40%) are female.HPV1 associated with plantar skin warts and can be detected by monoplex PCR and DNA sequences. The Molluscum contagiosum was predominantly in males and the age group 1-10 y was more infected than other age groups.

The present study was conducted to determine the histological and Molecular changes in the bone marrow of adult male Japanese quail after being exposed to effect of thermal stress was recorded. This study included two groups, each group consisting twelve male birds, the control group (A) was exposed to normal temperature for 45days, while the group (B) exposed to temperature (42OC) for 45 days. The histological and molecular changes were studied during (15, 30 and 45) days of the experiment, histological changes in bone revealed hemorrhage, degeneration and hyperpigmentation of hemopoietic tissue, seperation of hemopoietic layer from endosteum, necrosis, degeneration of periosteum, degeneration and disappeared of adipose tissue and hemopoietic tissue. Molecular examination showed that the heat shock protein (hsp70) gen is present in temperature group that is also found in the control group. This confirms that the hsp70 gen is present in birds at normal and abnormal condition.

The Phenotypic identification results revealed that Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolates which is characterized by both Gram positive and catalase negative reactions was observed in 52 % of goats raw milk bacterial isolates. The differences between the twoaage groups of goats raw milk isolates statistically was not considered asignificant (P>0.05) with variable ratio of gram positive or catalase negative isolates.but high significant adifferences ( p< 0.01) was observed between the two parturition groupsaof goats raw milk isolates and LAB isolates appeared in high ratio (43.6%) of goatsaat first group(1 - < 3) ofaparturition. According to rawamilk source, statistically the difference in the16S rDNA based PCR aanalysis results was not considered significant(P>0.05). The difference between the two age groups of women and cow stastically was nottconsidered significant (P>0.05) but the effect offparturition was considered stastically highly significant(P>0.01). Inncontrast the differences between the two age groups of goats raw milk isolates wassconsidered statistically significant (P<0.05)and no significantddifferences ( p> 0.05) was observed between the two parturition groupssof goats. According to rawamilk source, statistically the difference in the16S rDNA based PCR aanalysis results was considered significant ( p> 0.05), the differences between the two age groups of goats raw milk isolates wassconsidered statistically significant (P<0.05)and no significantddifferences ( p> 0.05) was observed between the two parturition groupssof goats. Subsequent bacteriocin genes based PCR analysis of 16S rDNA genes positive LAB resulted in higher ratio(80.9%) for ent B genes.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility, it is identified as hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation and metabolic disorder. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on some of metabolic hormones and proinflammatory in patients with PCOS compared with control group. This study includes 150 women , were divided in to 75 healthy fertile women as control group and 75 women diagnosis with PCOS. Each group was divided into four categories depending on BMI (normal, pre-obesity, obese class I and obese class II ). Then the concentrations of the study parameters were measured by using ELIZA method. The results revealed that PCOS patients with pre- obesity BMI had effect on the levels of all parameters expect T4 compared with control group ,while PCOS patients those belong to the obese class1 category showed a significant differences in TSH,T3,T4 only, and obese class II category showed a significant differences in T3, insulin and cortisol. TNF-α levels in per-obesity categories are significant and IL-18 concentration in per-obesity , obese class I and class II are significant In. In conclusions obesity my induce abnormalities in metabolic hormones and proinflammatory cytokines in PCOS patients.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (CODIV‐19), this disease spread suddenly and quickly through many countries Causing many deaths around the world and significantly affecting various aspects of life such as economics, political, social and education, medical education one of the most fields that suffered a major defect during this pandemic. This epidemic forced people to home quarantine for a long time and this led to resorting to alternative methods for continuing education through the use of online platforms, but this procedure was not sufficient to deliver the full scientific material to the student of medical colleges. The student may be forced to compensate for what he missed until next year, and this may create other problems in the future. Online education is an important subject in numerous countries today, but it was exposed to many problems, which led to inefficiency in achieving the educational goal. This article reviews the obstacles faced by students in general and students of medical colleges especially, during this epidemic, the impact of online education on the student and teacher together, and the efficiency of the educational process in response to sudden change in the context of education in Iraq, with some suggestions that would facilitate the delivery of scientific material to the students and the urge to conduct more research to make the best use of the results of this experiment in order to develop future and creating new dimensions in Iraq education.

Myrtus communis Linn (Family: Myrtaceae) is one of the important medicinal plants used in medicine since the time of ancient Greece. And its fruits are known as love myrtle. It is often grown for its attractive foliage, flowers and fruits. The fruits, leaves and essential oils are frequently used to treat various diseases such as stomach ulcers, diarrhea, dysentery and vomitingAnd rheumatism, bleeding, and cosmetology such as controlling hair loss. The leaves, fruits, and twigs are used to flavor food and wine. In the past, ripe fruits were used as food supplements due to their high vitamin content. It contains a wide range of bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, essential oil, fixed oil, fiber, polysaccharides, citric acid, malic acid and antioxidants in the plant. This article presents the medicinal and biological uses and chemical components of the myrtle plant

Glycerol injection in rats can lead to rhabdomyolysis, with the release of the intracellular muscle content to the extracellular compartment and acute kidney injury (AKI). Oxidative stress and the inflammatory processes contribute to the disturbances in renal function and structure observed in this model. This study evaluated the effect of calcitriol administration in AKI induced by rhabdomyolysis and its relationship with oxidative damage and inflammatory process. Male rats were treated with calcitriol (6 ng/day) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) for 7 days and were injected with 50% glycerol or saline 3 days after the beginning of calcitriol or saline administration. Four days after glycerol or saline injection, urine, plasma and renal tissue samples were collected for renal function and structural analysis. The oxidative stress and the inflammatory processes were also evaluated. Glycerol-injected rats presented increased sodium fractional excretion and decreased glomerular filtration rates. These alterations were associated with tubular injury in the renal cortex. These animals also presented increased oxidative damage, apoptosis, inflammation, higher urinary excretion of vitamin D-binding protein and decreased cubilin expression in renal tissue. All these alterations were less intense in calcitriol-treated animals. This effect was associated with decreases in oxidative damage and inflammation.