Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal

The combination of smoking, secondhand smoke, and radon exposure from tobacco results in an especially serious health risk. The risk of lung cancer due to indoor radon exposure can be decreased with current technology. Radon may be the second cause of lung cancer due to smoking, the synergistic effect between radon and tobacco smoke. People who inhale tobacco smoke are exposed to higher concentrations of radioactivity due to radon gas and its decay products. To investigate whether the cigarette tobacco itself is a potential source of indoor radon, the levels of radon and thoron from radioactive decay were measured in tobacco samples of 28 different brands in the local market using CR-39 Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs) and Sealed Can technique. The results showed that the 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in cigarette tobacco samples ranged from 91.7 to 492.8 Bqm-3. The radon radioactivity concentrations that emerged from all investigated 28 samples were significantly higher than the background level and WHO recommendations level in some aspects. The annual effective dose from the use of these tobacco and the lung cancer cases per year per million persons were calculated for all samples.

this work aimed to retrieve a field isolate of probiotic from Carp fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and compare the obtained results with a commercial probiotic product through experimental studies. the study was conducted on 250 Carp. Ten fish were used to isolate the probiotic strain. Two isolates showed an in vitro inhibitory effect against pathogenic A. hydrophila. the isolate with the largest zone was identified by PCR. Sixty fish were used to test the safety of a potential probiotic. One hundred and eighty fish were used in a two-month feeding experiment. Fish were divided into 3 groups, group (1): the control, group (2): fed on potential probiotics, and group (3): fed on acommercial probiotic (Organic Green™). the effects of tested products on the immune response were recorded in all groups. After one and two months of thefeeding experiment, blood and nonspecific immune parameters were evaluated. Disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated through a challenging experiment. the histopathology of the treated groups was fully recorded in comparison with the control group. the potential probiotic based on the in vitro antimicrobial activity test was identified as P. putida using routine and gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA sequencing. During the first and the second month of experiment, there was a highly significant increase in the survival percent of the experimental fish in both treated groups with probiotics. In the first phase of the experiment, a significant increase in the hematocrit values and NBT, lysozyme activity, and phagocytic activity was seen in all treated groups in comparison with the control. the increase in the TLC was significant in the group fed with P. putida in comparison with the control group. In the second phase, a nonsignificant increase in the hematocrit values and significant increases in the NBT and phagocytic index were seen in P. putida and organic green groups in comparison with the control group. the TLC and DLC revealed nonsignificant changes in the treated groups in comparison with the control. the RLP in the groups treated with P. putida was higher than that in those treated with organic green. Although probiotics are an important management tool in aquaculture, it should be subjected to scientific laboratory tests and field measurements.

In this study measurements of natural radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) in the river sediment using gamma spectroscopy have been conducted. NaI(Tl) 3x3 gamma-ray spectrometry was employed for the radioactivity measurements and specific activity data were presented. The sediment samples were collected from the bottom of the river using special equipment called a grab sampler for this purpose. The study area was lie in the north of Basrah city in Iraq, that position is (47° 45' 40"E, 30°30'42" N and 47° 47' 10" E, 30°30'43 " N) to establish the baseline data level for naturally occurring radionuclides in the study area and will be useful to assess what levels of radioactive isotopes are present in the area because it represents an agricultural activity for the city or any accentual pollution. The average values of 232Th, 238U,226Ra, 40K are 5.26±1.4 Bq/kg, 8.58±2.4 Bq/kg, 33.86±3.4 Bq/kg and316.02±70.78 Bq/kg respectively. It is found that, the mean radium equivalent Raeq 65.72±22.73 Bq/kg.

Burns injury are a serious health problem in many countries. P. aeruginosa is a ubiquitous gammaproteobacterium found in various environments and it is multi-drug resistant (MDR). P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen can caused many infections in mammals, animals, and in plants. Methods: The samples collected from June 2020 to May 2021 from Al-Fayhaa General Hospital / Burns Unit. Written consent obtained from all the patients participating involved in the study. This study included 75 samples collected from the burn patients, 40 diagnosed as P. aeruginosa (17 males and 23 females) from moderate to severe burns wound infection categorized according to age, gender. Results: Among 75 clinical samples collected from the patients with 2nd and 3rd degree burns, 40 (53 %) of them positive bacterial growth while 35 (47 %) appeared as negative growth. The rate of P. aeruginosa isolates according to patients age group and their gender. A 17 (42.5 %) of them are males and 23 (57.5 %) females with age range 10-40 years, the mean age (Mean ± SD) was 13 ± 0.58 years. The high prevalence of these isolates in 20-30 years (17.5 %) between male and female (22.5 %). Conclusion: The rate of P. aeruginosa prevalence 53.3 % in patients. The infection among the female higher than male 57.5 % and 42.5 %, respectively.

Endoscopy is a procedure which performed in order to view the inside of the body without performing surgical interference. Endoscopy was developed during the 1800’s and is widely used in both human and veterinary medicine. The endoscope can be either a rigid or fixed tube, it‘s consist of tube with a light at the end and an optical system or miniature video camera for transmitting an image to the examiner‘s eye. Endoscope is widely used in developed countries but it is almost not used in the less developing countries. study . Endoscopy is one of the most diagnosis, treatment and prognosis useful tools available in equine practice. It allows the practitioner a minimally invasive technique in examining different organ . We hope that this study will help illustrate the usefulness of diagnostic endoscopy. Therefore the Selection an endoscope for equine respiratory endoscopy depended on the length and diameter of the endoscope, fiberoptic videoendoscopies and type of the light sources used the special respiratory diseases including diseases of the nasal cavity, pharynx, guttural pounch, larynx, epiglottis, trachea and bronchi. The uses of endoscopy in veterinary practice has become commonplace over the last decade, such that almost every practice dealing with horses now owns a arigid, flexible, fibreoptic or video endoscope. The equine upper and lower respiratory tract suffers a huge array of disorders and therefore not surprisingly, the vast majority of endoscopy in equine clinical practice concerns examination of the respiratory tract The importance of the endoscope is become from fact, in which it is a diagnostic method used to help the veterinarian to diagnose the disease, especially those diseases of the respiratory system, digestive system and urinary system. So it is a satisfying way for diagnosing, moreover, Endoscope is an advanced diagnostic technique. It is widely used in developed countries, but it is almost not used in the less developed countries, unfortunately, our country is one of them , therefore we decided to study this technique

Who among us has not experienced moments of terror when blood starts to fall from the nose? It is the case of a nosebleed that was mentioned in historical sources for a period before the birth of Jesus, peace be upon him. In this article, we outline the stages of identifying the nature of this disease and how scientists and doctors deal with it in various conservative and surgical treatment methods throughout the ages and in chronological order.

The research aims to demonstrate the role of the use of material flow cost accounting (MFCA) in determining the waste costs of economic units through their ability to track the flow of materials within the production process and indicate the locations of waste and help management manage and avoid those costs by providing financial and material information related to the costs resulting from its activity The environmental and economic impact of that. The researchers used the practical approach represented by combining theory and practice in collecting data related to the research sample represented by the Kufa Cement Factory, which is still working with traditional accounting systems, as modern accounting techniques have emerged to address the shortcomings in traditional systems and the problems they face and to overcome the inaccuracy in calculating and allocating waste costs on the processes and products they cause. The research has adopted material flow cost accounting and its role in identifying and measuring information related to waste, calculating its quantities and cost, and showing its impact on product costs, in order to improve the management’s ability to know the places of waste and loss to improve the chances of addressing them in order to reduce those costs. Among the most important conclusions reached by the researchers is that material flow cost accounting is one of the important techniques for managing material flows and improving its effectiveness as a result of its ability to track material, energy and water flows during the production process for the purpose of calculating and determining the costs of waste and loss in the product and reducing them. It also works to allocate them more accurately through The economic and environmental information it provides

The research aims to demonstrate the role of the green target cost technology, which is one of the modern cost-effective techniques in achieving environmental sustainability that leads to the production of a green product that is environmentally friendly while reducing its cost and maintaining quality by preserving natural resources and the desires of customers to obtain environmentally friendly products, taking into account standards environment and to develop or achieve environmental sustainability. As the target cost technology is considered one of the best and most important advanced cost management systems in terms of its historical origin, its concept, principles, steps, stages, how to achieve it and its relationship to the supporting technologies. The green target to be used in reducing costs and developing products. The researcher used the scientific method to apply this technology. The research concluded the need to use the green target cost technology, as it was able to identify the best appropriate solutions to the issues related to the shortcomings and problems experienced by the economic units, the most prominent of which are environmental issues related to the product.