Journal of Basra researches for Human Sciences

Argumentation, being an old concept clad in a new attire, is pulled in and out by a group of theories in such a way that it has acquired an unresolved final modern definition. Furthermore, and based on these theories, the concept is not only linguistic but extends to other fields such as law philosophy, logic, politics and media as well. On top of it all is the concept's tendency in its Arabic root 'H j j' to divide into significations and various derivatives: In Arabic " Hajaj" means dispute, proof, evidence, justification, discussion, pretense, persistence. 'As for the derivatives we find "Hijaj" to mean argument, dispute, debate. Al tahahij: pleading, offering, of a pretext, pretense, excuse.
Al IHTIJAJ: protest, protestation or objection and AL MUHAJJA: establishing one's case.

The aim of this research is to know the attitude of Al-Sameen Al-Halabi (756 AH) in his book (Al-Durru Al-Masoon Fi Uloom Al-Kitab Al-Maknoon) of the replies of Abi-Hayyan Al-Andulusi (745 AH) to Al-Zamakhshari. The researcher believes that Al-Sameen Al-Halabi was in the position of defending the attitude of Al-Zamakhshari when he was refuting Abi-Hayyan in a clear way.
In his replies to Abi-Hayyan, Al-Sameen Al-Halabi followed a multi-image and figures approach. He dealt with the origins and evidence that he adopted in refuting the accusations of Abi-Hayyan on Al-Zamakhshari. He followed a scientific approach. So, he replied in different ways according to the need and attitude and the nature of grammatical issue. He replied to him depending on quoting as away throughout hearing.
Sometimes he depended on logical inference to understand the grammatical rules.
The results of the research showed that the reasons that made Al-Sameen Al-Halabi reply to Abi-Hayyan were not doctrinal as they were between Al-Zamakhshari and Abi-Hayyan. It might be that Al-Sameen wanted to direct the attention toward these replies; or it might be because of the misunderstanding between them in one issue, i.e. Abi-Hayyan understood something while Al-Sameen understood something else. This misunderstanding led to the controversy in the other situations, on the evidence that whenever Al-Zamakhshari found some self-dependent analysis, Abi-Hayyan looked for another to refute Al-Zamakhshari with or without an evidence.
Or the reason might be Abi-Hayyan different attitudes when replying to A-Zamakhshari

Our purpose ( goal ) from the subject of the sufi poetry is not a new study of the Islamic Sufism , that is a task revealed by those who are concened with Sufism in ancient and present time , that we shall discuss what they did say in their most important ideas and cases which distinct them and show their understanding nature to the sympathy cases and sonl struggeling and the relationship between god , the creature and his creatures and the psychological situations that sufi feels while he is in the way to the god , knowing and witnessing him which would indicate their expressing ability in an effective technical way .

The decision of the announcement of British’s withdrawal from Arab in 17 January, leads to enter the area into a new phase of its contemporary history so it became as one of most regional and global area in the world in order to achieve the control and effectiveness on this Strategic area in the world and the control on it and takes the Succession of the British ‘s role. It is clear that this decision has many reactions from the great regional and global countries .This paper had dealt with the Iranian Succession of the British ‘s role political towards this decision , and the security and political results of the decision in Iran and Arab Gulf countries and did Iran succeed in the succession of the British ‘s role in the area , the paper would answer this question .