Journal of Accounting and Financial Studies

The current research aims to demonstrate the relationship of correlation and influence between the independent variable strategic control through its dimensions represented by (organizational structure, human resources management, commitment to specialization, defining powers and responsibilities, values and integrity) and the dependent variable the performance of the insurance company, and the degree of arrangement of these dimensions according to their importance, as well as Detection of significant differences in the sample\'s response to the questionnaire paragraphs in the researched company, and the research problem was identified in the main question: Is there a role for strategic control in the performance of the researched company? The analytical descriptive approach was relied upon, and the questionnaire was used as a means to obtain data from the (102) sample. Individuals from the employees of the researched company, in addition to conducting personal interviews with its officials, and the data was analyzed based on the statistical program (SPSS V.18), in calculating (weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, coefficient of determination R², test F, exploratory factor analysis), and the research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which was the existence of a correlation and effect Significant of strategic control in the performance of the researched company, as well as the absence of significant differences in the sample\'s answers to the questionnaire items according to personal variables.

The research aims to define the theoretical framework for corporate governance and its mechanisms and shed light on corporate governance in Iraq as well as the theoretical framework for the quality of financial reports and their relationship and the role of corporate governance in activating them. A commercial bank as a sample for the research, and a survey list was prepared to show the extent to which the research sample banks are committed to applying internal governance mechanisms. imposed on them by the local environment, which leads to improving the quality of financial reports for these banks

This research aims to apply the Performance Focused Activity Based Costing System in the offices of scientific and advisory services at the University of Technology for the purpose of measuring the cost of services provided by these offices in order to reduce costs. To test the hypothesis of the research, the research was applied in the consulting offices of the University of Technology through the financial statements for the year ending 12/31/2017 of the Scientific and Consulting Services Office of the University of Technology, because the data of these years were issued and audited by the Federal Office of Financial Supervision.
A number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which are: reliance on traditional costing methods and techniques in measuring the cost of its services, which makes it unable to keep pace with developments in the business environment, as a result of its failure to properly determine the cost of its services, which is reflected negatively on profits. In addition, the use of costing technology based on activity based on performance would reduce costs, and help the management of these offices to continue to perform their work for a period of years.

This research seeks to test the influence of intellectual capital as an explanatory variable and its components (human capital, structural capital, relational capital) and sustainable competitive performance as a responsive variable and its components (reducing service delivery cycle time, rapid response to market demand, increasing customer satisfaction, providing better Quality of service, increasing market share)” through a field study, and here the research problem was diagnosed in an attempt to answer the following question: Is there awareness among the senior management within the private colleges (researched) of the importance of employing intellectual capital in sustainable competitive performance? "Because of the importance of the private education sector, the research community, which was established more than 20 years ago, was chosen to obtain sustainable competitive performance, and it was conducted in six private colleges located in Baghdad, namely (Al-Turath University College, Al-Mansour University College, Al-Rafidain University College, Al-Mamoun University College, and Baghdad University for Economic Sciences, Baghdad College of Medical Sciences (formerly Baghdad Pharmacy), and the research sample consists of (87) individuals from the deans of colleges and their assistants as well as the heads of scientific and administrative departments. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire was used as the main tool for collecting private data. On the field side, the data was then analyzed and hypotheses were tested using appropriate statistical tools, and then the data obtained was processed with a number of statistical tools and methods, which were divided into the following groups: Confirmatory factor analysis: - (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, linear regression Simple, multiple regression........) and a set of ready-made programs was used, namely (SPSS and (AMOS). The results showed that there is an impact of intellectual capital and its dimensions on competitive performance and its dimensions.

The internal control is the tool through which it is possible to verify and ensure the implementation of tasks in accordance with the established plans and programs and to evaluate the level of performance that is implemented within the different companies.
A guarantee from the supplier with the absence of a specialized technical committee that follows up the stages of implementing the contract and disbursing all amounts of financial dues to the supplier before completing the implementation of the contract and overlooking the non-implementation of some clauses of the contract by the committee in charge of examination and receipt, and finally the lack of commitment to the correct accounting classification of the disbursement operations. The aim of the study is to highlight the importance of auditing procedureAnd identifying the nature and forms of accounting creativity and indicating its importance in auditing contracts and demonstrating the efficiency of the systems, laws and legislation issued by the Bureau of Financial Supervision, while determining the nature of the impact of the relationship between the internal audit system and accounting creativity in the research sample, based on the analysis of the responses of the individuals selected for the study. The study was based on a basic hypothesis that there is a statistical relationship between activating the role of internal auditing and reducing the methods of accounting creativity.
That is, the higher the levels of application of proactive control and previous auditing, the higher the levels of accounting creativity, and vice versa. The study reached commitment to the professional rules issued by the competent authorities, the provision of the appropriate number of trained financial controllers, and the provision of work requirements that help the auditor to exercise his oversight work with ease and high accuracy, in addition to the application of proactive control. And the previous audit and the establishment of training courses for workers in the operating control authorities with activating the role of the internal auditor and providing everything he needs.

The research aims to improve the insurance service through the marketing commission as a tool that enables the insurance companies to achieve a competitive advantage. The researcher, by observing the challenges faced by insurance companies, insurance agents and brokers, raised the main question of the research: Is there an effect of the marketing commission on the competitive advantage of insurance companies? The data was obtained through the financial statements and annual reports of the research sample companies (the National General Insurance Company, the Iraqi General Insurance Company, Al-Hamra Private Insurance Company, Dar Al-Salam Private Insurance Company) from the managers of the financial department of the companies, and the data was analyzed using statistical methods (arithmetic mean standard deviation and coefficient of difference) and the relationship between the research variables was tested using the normal distribution test model of the variables (Kumlikov-Smirnov) and the statistical program (SPSS 23), and after analyzing the data, the research concluded that there is a significant statistically significant effect of the marketing commission on the competitive advantage in the insurance company Iraqi General and Dar Al-Salam Private Insurance Company.

The aim of the research is to evaluate the practice of banking departments for strategic foresight represented by its dimensions (environmental scanning, future vision, scenarios, reconfiguration) and its relationship to the organizational brilliance represented by dimensions (brilliance of leadership, brilliance of service and innovation, brilliance of knowledge, brilliance of employees), as the research was applied in A number of private Iraqi commercial banks represented by (Baghdad, Iraqi Investment, Iraqi Middle East Investment, Commercial Gulf, Ashur International Investment, Al Mansour Investment, Via Iraq Investment), and the research adopted the descriptive analytical approach using the questionnaire as a main tool in collecting its data from the sample. (165) officials at functional levels (senior management, middle management, executive management), as the statistical program (Spss v. 28) was used to calculate (weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance) The research reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which were 1- There is a positive acceptance, at an average level, of the sample in the surveyed banks for the concept of strategic foresight. 2- There is a positive and strong correlation between strategic foresight and organizational brilliance. 3- The results of the research showed that there were no differences in the sample's response to the research variables according to the personal variables.

The aim of the current study lies in showing and demonstrating the effect of the independent variable of organizational integrity with its dimensions represented by (organizational optimism, organizational trust, organizational integrity, organizational sympathy) on the dependent variable of strategic drifts through its dimensions represented by (organizational culture, leadership, innovation, strategic planning) .The analytical descriptive approach has been adopted and the questionnaire has been used as a tool to obtain data and information from the sample of (57) people who are at the administrative levels (senior management, middle management, executive management) in the researched company, and financial reports and statements for the years (20172021) have been relied upon in the interpretation of the results, in addition to conducting personal interviews with those responsible for it. Data has been analyzed based on the one statistical program (SPSS V.28) in calculating the (weighted arithmetic mean, standard drifts, coefficient of variation, percentage weight, regression coefficient, t-test, determination coefficient R, F-test, simple linear regression equation, confirmatory factor analysis). The current study has reached a set of results, the most prominent of which are: There is a significant effect of organizational integrity on strategic deviations, as well as the presence of significant differences in the sample's response to organizational integrity and strategic drift together according to personal variables: gender, age, academic qualification, job position, number of years of service.

The internal audit is considered the safety valve for senior management in all institutions. It aims to protect property, and raise the efficiency and effectiveness of the administrative performance, by following up on compliance with laws and instructions and the application of regulations in a way that increases the administrative performance of the department. The internal audit is possible to determine Weaknesses or imbalances in the administrative performance. To achieve this goal, an analytical descriptive methodology was adopted. The Baghdad Health Department / Al-Rosana was considered as society for this study. Thus, a questionnaire of 44 items was designed in order to cover all related topics. The questionnaire was distributed and 126 answers were collected. The statistical program (SPSS)) was used to examine selected answers. The study reported the efficiency of the internal audit in the Baghdad Health Department / Al-Rosana. This does not prevent the existence of some weaknesses, as the internal audit helps by detecting deviations and errors in all aspects of administrative performance, in raising the level of the department. Reaching several conclusions, the most important is that internal audit helps improve administrative performance in various aspects of the organization\'s activities, through which internal audit helps to detect deviations and errors in all respects administrative performance.

The aim of the research is to verify the role of organizational trust as an “administrative” dimension of objective importance in the relationships adopted by the Iraqi General Insurance Company with customers, as it is one of the basic pillars in building and succeeding companies, which allows the provision of services with high confidence through the customer relationship management system in order to achieve The company's goal is to gain new customers, retain current customers, increase work in insurance companies, and develop the national economy by increasing the company's sales and profitability. The research adopted statistical methods, as (300) questionnaires were distributed to employees of the company under investigation. (282) were retrieved. A questionnaire suitable for statistical analysis, in addition to conducting personal interviews with managers and officials of the surveyed company. This study relied on the descriptive analytical approach. The most prominent results that the research reached are that there is a strong moral correlation between the dimension of trust and customer relationship management

The research aims to diagnose the relationship between the environmental tax and the development of the sustainable social dimension, where the environmental tax is considered a tool in promoting sustainable development according to its economic, social and environmental dimensions through the application of legislation and instructions for environmental protection, and that imposing an environmental tax will have a clear impact in achieving the dimensions of sustainable development and compliance With regard to the social dimension, the research relied on the financial data for the years (2019-2022) in obtaining information. The research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which was that the imposition of environmental tax contributes greatly to the promotion of sustainable development in its various dimensions, as it reduces the rates of environmental pollution, and eliminates Poverty and unemployment, so work is required to amend the tax law and include an article on environmental tax.

This research aims to identify the actual reality of the supply chain processes applied in the Noor Al-Kafeel Food Products Company, which was chosen as a research sample by measuring the application and documentation gap. The current research relies on the case study method to reach the desired results, and the seven-scale scale was relied on to identify the reality of the supply chain operations applied in the researched company and the use of quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection and analysis, as quantitative methods such as the arithmetic mean were used weighted, percentage measurement, and gap size measurement, while qualitative methods included field visits, personal observation, direct interviews, and access to records and documents. Data was collected using a checklist that included seven axes (purchasing, storage, production, distribution, transportation, customer service and information), which fall under the concept of supply chain operations in order to diagnose the actual reality of those operations in the company and determine which operations are the most important. interest and least interest in the company. The most important results of this study were represented in the fact that there is a gap between the indicators of the supply chain and the reality of the work of the researched company at a rate of (28.23%) distributed among the axes of these operations

The aim of this research to try to determine the type of expected relationship between inflation as the explanatory variable and market performance as a dependent variable, for that used data issued and published by the Central Bank of Iraq and the Iraqi Stock Exchange for a sample consisting of (159) observations using the intentional or intentional sampling method for the period extending between the months (January 2010 to March 2023), in the light of each of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Iraqi Stock Exchange Index, the number of traded shares and the number of market capital shares to extract the market turnover rate during the research period, after that the effect between the variables was tested according to the type of relationship stipulated in This study analysed it statistically, which confirmed the effect of inflation on the market index as well as the rate of market turnover, which means that the market performance varies to the extent of the limits of interpretation of variation and in the direct positive direction of the studied variables.

The research aims to identify the concept of trading securities in Iraq and to propose a new mechanism for the taxation of trading profits and the extent of its impact on tax revenues, as it was observed that there are professional investors in the trading market and some of them achieve huge annual profits. and this profit should be like other taxable profits. The General Commission of Taxes and in cooperation with the Iraq Stock Exchange should identifying those profits, subjecting them to income tax, and adding them to the tax base. The researcher relied on the use of the descriptive and analytical approach based on the data and information of the Iraq Stock Exchange and the General Commission for Taxes and related laws and instructions. The research concluded, through analyzing the indicators of the Iraq stock exchange and applying the tax model on a sample of investors, that the tax on dividends and bonds has a role in increasing tax revenues. The tax on stock and bond profits has a role in increasing tax revenues, and it must activate the work of a tax law by imposing a tax on the profits of securities trading and give it great importance in the event that it is activated, and It is very important to work on selecting qualified and competent staff who are able to succeed and implement this tax

Central banks seek to control and supervise credit and follow it up effectively due to the high credit risks surrounding it that may lead to damage to banks, and may even lead to damage to the reputation and confidence of the banking system as a whole.
The main role of supervisory control is to control credit by controlling it from excessive expansion during periods of economic inflation or its revitalization and improvement and expansion of credit transactions in cases of economic recession, or when central banks desire to support the national economy or support a sector of various economic sectors.
The research has reached several important conclusions, including that the supervisory control carried out by central banks has an important role in protecting the banking system as a whole and preserving public and private money at the same time according to its laws, instructions and tools, and that central banks have their own tools through which they can control the volume of bank credit and control it. The lack of deep plans in activating bank credit at the same level as the plans that it has in achieving the maximum possible profit, by relying on another source of profits, which is the window for selling foreign currency and foreign transfers.

The research aims to analyze the value chain of dairy products in Iraq (Abu Ghraib/Study Case) factories for the year 2022, where value chain rings are identified to discuss and track the most important determinants and problems in the value chain rings of dairy products and their basic and secondary activities, as well as calculate the value added of the products by subtracting the total revenues of products from their variable costs. Research data were collected for the period 2022. Preliminary information and data from its field sources and personal interviews were collected through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose for each level of chain loop from suppliers, producers, marketers and consumers. Data was collected on production, costs, profits and revenues. The estimated results indicated that variable costs accounted for the largest share of total dairy costs in the research sample at 83.8% of total costs due to the cost of butter and free fat (9358) thousand dinars, ranked first among variable cost paragraphs 36.1% of total variable costs, while fixed costs accounted for 16.2% of total costs. Research results also found that the total value added of production in Abu Ghraib factories was (4687230.46) Dinars. The most important conclusion is that the analysis of the value chain of Pan Abu Ghraib dairy products is the high variable costs resulting in higher total costs of dairy production. This is negatively reflected in the market produced quantities. The most important recommendations of the research were to reduce the variable costs of all the value chain as well as to reduce the import of dairy products from abroad to support the local product and increase market share.

The aim of this research is to highlight the importance of reducing the cost of a flight ticket by using information technology and the Internet, in the process of purchasing tickets for electronic flights, and to shift from the traditional method of purchasing and payment operations to the electronic method, to reduce the financial and non-financial risks associated with the traditional purchase process, as well as saving the cost Time, effort and money for the customer, and the researcher used the deductive approach in linking the variables (Internet of Things technology and reducing the costs of air tickets) with the aim of evaluating the cost system in force in (the General Company of Iraqi Airways) from the perspective of adding new services at low costs and excluding high-cost services loaded on the ticket, the researcher also used the inductive method and carried out a survey of studies that presented the research variables in order to extract ideas and compile the theoretical foundations presented in books, periodicals, conferences, and related researches, whether Iraqi, Arab, or foreign. used in the Iraqi Airways General Company, in addition to field visits and personal interviews with the relevant parties in the research sample company outside it.This research also shows part of the knowledge foundations for cost reduction and the technology of the Internet of Things, as well as an indication of the amount of reduction in the cost of the electronic ticket for the flights of the General Company of Iraqi Airways, when purchasing via the Internet instead of going to the offices selling traditional (paper) tickets. The research reached the most important results: -There is a clear difference of (25) dollars between the commission of the electronic system for purchasing electronic tickets through the proposed application (program), which amounts to (1) dollars, and the commission of agents selling traditional paper tickets, which amounts to (26) dollars, which is avoided being charged on tickets for different flights as a result of using The technology of the Internet of Things in the process of selling electronic tickets, this difference led to a contribution to reducing the cost of tickets for the research sample and thus lowering their price.Several recommendations were made in the research, the most important of which are: -The company must develop the Internet of Things technology for selling tickets via the Internet and design an application (program) for buying flight tickets for smart devices belonging to the company that provides new services for travelers, which reduces the cost of traditional activities and improves ticket sales for travelers.

The research aims to identify tax exemptions, their objectives and types, as well as to shed light on the concept of sustainable development, its objectives, dimensions and indicators (economic, social and environmental), as well as to analyze the relationship between tax exemptions and economic development, in addition to measuring and analyzing the impact of tax exemptions on economic development in Iraq for the period ( 2015 - 2021) using the NARDL model. The research problem centers on the fact that failure to employ financial policy tools correctly led to a weakness in achieving economic justice, which leads to a failure to improve social welfare and an unfair distribution of natural resources. Do tax exemptions affect the achievement of economic development in Iraq, and to prove the research hypothesis, the research sample represented a group of companies covered by tax exemptions, numbering six companies. The financial data was studied and analyzed and its impact on the average per capita GDP as an indicator of economic development in Iraq for the period (2015-2021), and the research concluded that there is There is a long-term, non-linear positive relationship between corporate tax exemptions and economic development in Iraq. Increasing corporate tax exemptions by (1%) will lead to an increase in economic development in Iraq by (0.798%), while decreasing tax exemptions by (1%) will lead to a decrease in economic development in Iraq by (0.798%). (1.179%), and the research recommends It is necessary to direct exemptions towards vital economic sectors to encourage investment in them that contribute to increasing the gross domestic product and thus its average per capita share to achieve economic development in Iraq.

The aim of the research is to demonstrate the impact of the salary localization service in enhancing banking competitive advantage. In order to achieve this goal, salary localization was chosen as an independent variable and its impact was studied on the dependent variable, which is the competitive advantage. The research problem lies in the fluctuation of the salary localization service from one bank to another and the impact of this on the competitive advantage. The study sample included five private Iraqi banks, namely (the National Bank of Iraq, the International Development Bank, Assyria International Bank, Al Khaleej Commercial Bank, and the Middle East Bank) based on the financial statements and annual reports of the banks for the period from 2017 - 2021. To reach the results, the inductive approach and the descriptive approach were used. Analytical. The research concluded that there is an impact of the localization of salaries in enhancing the banking competitive advantage of the banks in the research sample, and one of the most prominent results of this study is that the banks in the research sample, whose salary localization service contributes to increasing the quality of banking service provided to customers and strengthening the customer’s confidence in dealing with the bank from Through the diversification of its services and keeping pace with the modern development in the banking sector and increasing revenues compared to expenses through electronic services
(electronic payment systems and eliminating non-working credit facilities through the salary card by direct deduction and achieving competitive advantage by focusing on customer satisfaction, as customer satisfaction has become a decisive factor in Conditions of Competition in the Modern Business Environment | the introduction. The topic of research helps to achieve the goals of sustainable development the Developed by the unite Nations committees (SDGs) Regarding the economic development of bank.

The aim of the research is to measure the effect of changing the exchange rate on bank loans, and in order to achieve this goal, the (official exchange rate) was chosen as an independent variable and its effect was studied on the dependent variable, which is bank credit. Commercial Gulf, Baghdad, A Shore International for Investment (and the financial indicators (growth rate of loans) and the statistical program (Eviews 12) were used to measure the impact of the exchange rate change on the bank credit of banks, the research sample for the period 2012-2022, and the research reached a group Among the conclusions, the most important of which is that the results of the financial analysis of variables during the years of study showed that there was a discrepancy in the proportions of financial indicators, as they were characterized by fluctuations, ups and downs, which indicates a weak effect of the exchange rate on bank loans

The research aims to investigate the existence of correlations and influence between agricultural insurance risk management and economic development in the National Insurance Company with farmers, as agriculture is one of the leading branches of the national economy, ensuring food security and eliminating poverty to ensure sustainable economic growth through agricultural insurance policies (both the vegetable part (and livestock) and providing agricultural services and guidance to farmers. The research adopted statistical methods, as (30) survey forms were distributed to employees of the researched company, in addition to conducting personal interviews with representatives of the agricultural insurance department. This study relied on the descriptive analytical approach and highlighted the results it reached. Research: There is a correlation and influence between agricultural insurance risk management and economic development

The study aims to clarify the impact of the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS16) on lease contracts in the General Iraqi Insurance Company on the financial statements, and thus the impact on financial ratios and indicators, Since the financial reporting standard considers lease contracts as an asset called the right to use the asset and is offset by a liability, this changes the way the financial statements are presented, with an addition to both the asset and liability sides. In order to show the extent to which the adoption of the standard reflects on the financial performance of the company, new accounts were added in accordance with the requirements of applying the IFRS16 standard,The researchers reached a set of conclusions, most notably that the adoption of IFRS16 in insurance companies plays a major role in enhancing the quality of financial reporting and disclosure, which naturally indicates the quality of accounting information. This reflection has also affected financial ratios and indicators, Based on the above, the researchers proposed several recommendations, the most important of which is the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS16) on lease contracts in Iraqi insurance companies, in compliance with the current trends in adopting international standards, on the one hand, and keeping pace with the latest developments taking place globally, on the other hand, as insurance companies have dealings with global counterparties.

The research aims to clarify the impact of adopting the IFRS16 financial reporting standard on lease contracts in insurance companies on audit procedures. The change in the classification of lease contracts in the case of adopting the IFRS16 financial reporting standard necessarily requires audit procedures that are compatible with this change. A proposed audit program was prepared, guided by international auditing standards, based on the study of the client's environment and analysis of external and internal risks in the light of financial and non-financial indicators. The researchers reached a set of conclusions, most notably that the adoption of IFRS16 in insurance companies plays a major role in enhancing the quality of financial reporting and disclosure, which naturally indicates the quality of accounting information. The changes in the classification of lease contracts when adopting the IFRS16 financial reporting standard from an expense to an asset necessitated the introduction of new procedures to keep pace with this fundamental change, which audits lease contracts in terms of calculation, presentation, and disclosure on both sides of the contract (lessor and lessee). Accordingly, the researchers proposed several recommendations, the most important of which is the need for the auditor to rely on an audit program that clarifies all procedures that contribute to reducing the risks of the lease contract auditing process, based on international auditing standards, to reach a reading of the financial statements that is more clear and transparent

This research demonstrates the importance of banking technology in enhancing the strategic ability to achieve serious knowledge work in economic growth by identifying the role of banking technology represented by (hardware components, software, communication networks, human resources, database) in enhancing the strategic ability in a sample of private commercial banks. In the city of Baghdad .
In the theoretical aspect of the research, the researcher addressed the research problem of what is the impact of banking technology in enhancing strategic capabilities.
The research hypothesis was formulated: Can banking technology be used to enhance strategic? capabilities? Is there a relationship between banking technology and strategic ability .
To achieve this goal, the researcher prepared a questionnaire and the researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: The results showed that banking technology has an effective role in enhancing the strategic ability to develop and support aspects of economic activity, and that workers in the banking system possess high skills and experience using modern and different technologies and software in providing banking services with efficiency and quality High.

The internal audit is considered the safety valve for senior management in all institutions. It aims to protect property, and raise the efficiency and effectiveness of the administrative performance, by following up on compliance with laws and instructions and the application of regulations in a way that increases the administrative performance of the department. The internal audit is possible to determine Weaknesses or imbalances in the administrative performance. To achieve this goal, an analytical descriptive methodology was adopted. The Baghdad Health Department / Al-Rosana was considered as society for this study. Thus, a questionnaire of 44 items was designed in order to cover all related topics. The questionnaire was distributed and 126 answers were collected. The statistical program (SPSS)) was used to examine selected answers. The study reported the efficiency of the internal audit in the Baghdad Health Department / Al-Rosana. This does not prevent the existence of some weaknesses, as the internal audit helps by detecting deviations and errors in all aspects of administrative performance, in raising the level of the department. Reaching several conclusions, the most important is that internal audit helps improve administrative performance in various aspects of the organization's activities, through which internal audit helps to detect deviations and errors in all respects administrative performance.

The aim of this research is to highlight the importance of achieving customer satisfaction by using information technology and Internet networks in the process of purchasing flight tickets, and switching from the traditional method of purchasing and payment operations to the electronic method, to reduce the financial and non-financial risks associated with the traditional purchasing process, as well as saving time, effort and costs for the customer. The researcher used the deductive approach in linking the variables (achieving customer satisfaction and Internet of Things technology for booking electronic tickets) with the aim of satisfying the desires and needs of customers (the General Company for Iraqi Airways) from the perspective of adding new services that save the cost of time and money when purchasing tickets for various flights, The researcher also used the inductive approach and conducted a survey of studies that presented the research variables with the aim of extracting ideas and compiling the theoretical foundations presented in books, periodicals, conferences, and relevant research, whether Iraqi, Arab, or foreign. This research shows part of the cognitive foundations of customer satisfaction and Internet of Things technology. As well as surveying the opinions of a group of customers of the General Company for Iraqi Airlines and the results of its statistical analysis, and stating their desires to provide an application for purchasing electronic tickets through their own smart devices.As for the applied aspect and regarding measuring customer satisfaction, reliance was placed on the electronic questionnaire prepared on the Google Forms platform and it was distributed electronically to a group of travelers at Baghdad International Airport at random. The ready-made statistical analysis program (SPSS V.26) was also used to extract: -
 Measuring the strength of the sample’s response was based on a five-point Likert scale, weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and relative importance.
 Correlation coefficient and linear regression.
The research reached the most important results:The company is weak in exploiting the development in the field of information and communications technology, remote purchasing via the Internet, payment using electronic cards, and the speed of collecting amounts via electronic transfer, as the company still deals with traditional methods of periodic accounting with ticket sales offices.Several recommendations came from the research, the most important of which are:It is necessary for the General Company of Iraqi Airlines to shift to the digital method in flight ticket sales and develop them into electronic tickets by employing Internet of Things technology.

The research’s goal lies in demonstrating the impact of the Federal Financial Supervision Endowment through the process of auditing the performance of the entities subject to its audit as to improve the performance of these entities, especially if the performance audit method is one of the newly applied methods that are compatible with the standards issued by the International Organization of Financial Supervision and Accounting Institutions which is the method of auditing performance according to the performance evaluation guide for programs and policies issued by the Federal Office of Financial Supervision.
The research is based on a basic hypothesis that the contribution of the performance audit process according to the performance evaluation guide for programs and policies has an impact on improving the health insurance service provided by the company.
The research has been concluded with a number of conclusions , the most important of which is the company’s need to keep pace with the Iraqi and Arabic Companies of Insurance and to extend its works fields as well as opening new spaces for new works including the realization of suitable works that contribute to flourish the company and to grow the national Economy via having the company issue medical insurances cards top the private sectors and to the citizens.

The research aims to shed light on strategic cohesion and its dimensions represented by (strategic logic, organizational excitement, organizational founding, organizational synergy) and measure its impact on achieving organizational prosperity and its dimensions represented by (intellectual capital, innovation, infrastructure, organizational agility, sustainable competitive advantage). The research problem emerged by raising the main question, which is: Does the management of the researched company realize the importance of practicing strategic cohesion and its role in achieving organizational prosperity? The research was applied in the National Insurance Company, and the research relied on the descriptive analytical approach using the questionnaire as the main tool in collecting its data from the community (64) who are in job positions (general manager, branch manager, department manager, m. department manager, Division official, unit official), and the statistical program (SPSS v.25) was used to calculate (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, regression coefficient, AR², t-test, F-test). The research reached a number of results, the most prominent of which were:1- There is a moderate level of interest from the researched company in strategic cohesion.
2- There is a strong positive effect of strategic cohesion in achieving organizational prosperity.

The current research sought to demonstrate the effect of material flow cost accounting on reducing products through the application of material flow cost accounting technique, which works on the optimal utilization of materials and energy and the reduction of environmental impacts.The research aims to clarify the knowledge foundations for material flow cost accounting, in addition to studying the material flow cost accounting technique that helps reduce the cost of products and make them environmentally friendly. To achieve this, the research relied on the descriptive approach with regard to the theoretical aspect of the research, by relying on Arab and foreign books, letters, dissertations, and articles related to the subject of the research. And personal interviews with workers and engineers. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that accounting for material flow costs contributes to reducing costs and determining environmental costs represented by waste and emissions generated from the production process. In addition, material flow cost accounting allows a complete picture of the use of materials and energy that enters the production path (whether it is included in the composition of the final product and by-products first). The research came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to use material flow cost accounting for the purpose of determining the cost of products.

The phenomenon of financial failure is one of the phenomena that requires special attention and in-depth study due to its significant impact on various parties, whether they are internal or external and those who benefit from financial performance reports. With the increase in cases of bankruptcy and default facing companies and banks, interest has increased in understanding the reasons that led to this financial failure. This growing interest should be a reason to develop models and analytical methods that help in the early detection of this increasing phenomenon in recent year . The research examines the use of Sherrod's model in predicting financial failure in Iraqi private banks. The researchers relied on this mathematical model to analyze financial data and estimate the probability of financial failure occurring in these banks. Financial data was collected for a sample of private banks in Iraq over several years, and these data were used to apply the Sherrod model. As for the sample, a sample was chosen from the research consisting of two banks (the Commercial Bank of Iraq and the Iraqi Islamic Bank) for the research and a time series that extended for five years (2017 – 2021) , The results showed that the Sherrod model has a good ability to predict financial failure in Iraqi private banks. The researchers used a variety of financial and accounting variables in the model, which contributed to improving the accuracy of predicting financial failure. This study represents an important contribution to understanding how mathematical models such as Sherrod's model can be used to estimate the risk of financial failure in banks. These tools help guide strategies and make sound financial decisions. This research is considered an important step towards improving the sustainability and performance of private banks in Iraq and enhancing confidence in the financial system.

Today, the financial and banking sector is witnessing a qualitative shift thanks to financial technology services, which provide their services to many individuals and companies in quick, easy and less expensive ways compared to traditional means. Financial technology is a new form of financial science that combines financial transactions and technological skills concerned with providing financial services and improving the work environment within Banking institutions, and financial technology provides many advantages such as lower transaction costs, instant payment, and saving more time and effort in conducting banking operations and activities. Banks have taken this into consideration as they are the main engine of countries’ economies and are working to renew their basic structures based on what is required of ways to keep pace with this development. The performance of Drains It has become an urgent necessity to confront the wave of fierce competition imposed by financial technology, which is why banks are racing to possess modern technological
means and provide additional services to their customers, which gives them a competitive advantage in the market.
Hence, financial performance in banks is receiving increasing attention because optimal financial performance is the only way to maintain survival and continuity, ensure growth and expansion, and achieve appropriate market value. Financial performance is also one of the basic components of banks, as it provides an integrated system of accurate and reliable information to judge the efficiency of banks. In achieving its objectives effectively and to compare actual performance with pre-determined objectives, through certain indicators expressed in numbers to identify deviations, if any, and identify their causes to work to correct them.

The research dealt with a studying the impact of oil price fluctuations on one of the rules of financial discipline, which is the rule of budget deficit in the Iraqi economy for the period (2003-2020) as it is one of the quarterly economies that rely mainly on volatile oil revenues that fluctuate with oil prices in global markets, and therefore the general budget suffers. from The state of instability and then the government resorts to borrowing for a long time . this deficit in the general budget and increase the debt burden in the public debt.The research aim to measure and study the impact of oil price fluctuations on the base. The budget balance in the Iraqi economy for the period 2003-2020 and the role of this rule mitigating the negative impact of those fluctuations on the Iraqi economy.The Autoregressive Model (ARDL) was used to found a direct effect between the two variables ( oil price fluctuations and the budget deficit rule), And take advantage of the financial savings and the establishment of sovereign funds in order to use and the continued financing of development plans. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a direct relationship between oil price fluctuations and the budget deficit base. Therefore, research must follow procedures aimed at increasing the level of discipline in order to achieve budget stability and not exceed the 3% deficit, and the possibility of benefiting from oil financial savings ( during the period of high oil prices). By creating sovereign fouds that can be used during times of crises that occur as a result of low oil prices to ensure the sustainability and continued financing of economic development plans.

In light of globalization and internationalization of financial markets, issues arising from financial crises have become increasingly serious and fundamental, creating a lot of debate among experts around the world. So, many studies have attempted to investigate what measures can be taken to detect and prevent crises before they devastate the economies.
Therefore, this paper examines the Effectiveness of the Monetary Policy (MP) to Avoid, Reduce or Treat the Financial Crisis in Malaysia. Scholars have yet to agree on the issue concerning the appropriate monetary measures, particularly with respect to the question of whether or monetary policy is more effective tool in dealing with financial crisis. Majority of comprehensive theoretical frameworks are fragmented. Somehow, this framework has been tested in developed countries. Only very few studies were conducted in developing countries. The results of this research provide empirical support for the extended model. Moreover, this work has added to the understanding of Monetary Policy (MP) to Avoid, Reduce or Treat the Financial Crisis in Malaysia also with theories research.