Misan Journal of Academic Studies

This study objective investigates to shed light on determine the priority through the use of modern styles in multi criteria decision making (MCDM), In order to reach a scientific and accurate decision based on modern technologies, The research sample is represented by project management Department in the Judicial Planning office dependent to the Ministry of Justice for the purpose of studying and evaluating projects for building judicial complexes that the institution wont to implement, selecting the best and most important for implementation, and arranging the other projects based on five criteria:( Community need, financial return, contractual position, security situation, executive position), For this purpose, the integration of two decision support methods was applied. The first method is the Analytical Hierarchy Technique (AHP), the second method is the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), The AHP method was used to determine the weights for the main criteria, and then those criteria were used as inputs to the TOPSIS method. The results of the study is that the two proposed methods were able to determine the priority of completing of projects for building judicial complexes and arrange them according to priority.

This study examined how piranha solution affects denture base acrylic resin color stability. Twenty acrylic resin specimens (disc shape,20 mm diameter, 2 mm thick) were made for color stability. The specimens were randomly divided into Group W (no treatment) and Group P (piranha solution treatment). Color stability is measured with Photoshop. The data was analyzed using a T-test. There was significant variance in group P values (P ≤ 0.05). Compared to Group W, the Piranha solution treatment group (Group P) affected color value (L), hue (a), and chroma (b). This study found that the piranha solution can modify the color of heat cure acrylic surface qualities.

The proliferation of diverse frequency bands, from millimeter-wave to terahertz, in 6G networks brings both opportunities and challenges. The use of adaptive beamforming and resource allocation algorithms is necessary to optimize the benefits of each band while minimizing its drawbacks. This study addresses several machine learning-based methods that dynamically choose frequency bands, modify beamforming patterns, and distribute resources according to real-time data analysis, channel circumstances and user requests. In comparison with traditional resource allocation schemes, remarkable enhancement in user experience and network efficiency has been established by previous researchers. By utilizing channel modeling and mitigation methods for this high-frequency range, the challenge of terahertz communication has been covered. Our results indicate the efficiency of resource allocation and dynamic, data-driven beamforming in enabling heterogeneous 6G networks to reach their maximum potential.

Little is known about the pragmatic and cultural meanings of colours that authors use to deliver specific ideas and messages. It is still undetermined whether colours can express the speaker’s intended meaning. One of the areas that should be visited is the literary works with a long history of familiarity with colours. The present study scrutinizes the most frequently used colours in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970); it investigates their pragmatic and cultural meanings. It aims to determine the primary concept revealed through colours and identify the most flouted maxim in the novel. The main question that the study tries to answer is what are the most frequent colours and their cultural sounds in Morrison’s The Bluest Eye that determine the main concept by pinpointing the most flouted maxim. It is hypothesized that blue, white and black are the most common colours in the investigated contexts. Racial discrimination is the central concept shown through flouting quality maxim. Randomly selected extracts are analysed according to a model based on Grice’s (1975) Maxims Breaching. In the present study, data has been approached qualitatively. The study has come up with certain conclusions to prove the above hypotheses such as it is found that blue, white and black are the most used colours.

IL33 was highly expressed in the periodontal tissue of patients with chronic periodontitis. However, there is a debate regarding whether there is an elevation in the level of IL33 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis. As a member of the Toll-like receptor/IL-1R superfamily, interleukin-33 serves as the ligand for the ST2 receptor. The ST2 receptor consists of two isoforms: ST2L, which is a form that bridges the cell membrane, and soluble ST2 (sST2), which is a form that is released into the surrounding environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis of IL33 and sST2 in distinguishing between various stages of periodontitis (I, II, and III) and periodontal health. A total of 162 participants were involved in the study, and GCF was obtained from each individual. The IL33 and sST2 levels were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the data showed statistical significance in differentiating, except for the IL33 GCF level between stage II and stage III periodontitis, where the result was not statistically significant. Based on this investigation, GCF IL33 and sST2 showed a high level of sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between periodontal health and periodontitis.

This paper aims to argue for the incorporation of human rights within the globalization process. Human rights are defined as societal aspirations for freedom and well-being, inherently possessing a global dimension. The following sections seek to elucidate the globalization of human rights through various lenses. Firstly, this paper traces the historical evolution of rights concepts, spanning from early modernity to contemporary times, emphasizing the emergence of divergent definitions that coexist in tension within the modern world. The latter part of the paper will delve into the "globalization of rights," focusing on the dissemination of universal human rights principles across diverse cultural landscapes. In the final segment, attention will be directed towards the emergence of novel institutional frameworks founded upon human rights principles, tasked with upholding these rights on a global scale. The terms "global civil society" and "transnational cosmopolitanism" frequently used to characterize these emerging structures, will be critically examined to discern the extent to which globalization has facilitated the formation of a global civil society, and to delineate the defining features of this nascent organization.

Background: Erythritol powder air polishing (EPAP) has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment in supportive periodontal care (SPC). This literature review aims to evaluate the efficacy of EPAP in promoting periodontal health, focusing on clinical outcomes, microbial impact and patient-reported outcomes.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses and human, peer-reviewed clinical studies published between 2014 and 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies evaluating EPAP in SPC, while exclusion criteria ruled out non-periodontal therapy studies and non-peer-reviewed articles.
Results: The search yielded 37 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Key findings include significant reductions in periodontal pocket depths, bleeding on probing, and plaque index scores with EPAP. Patient-reported outcomes indicated higher satisfaction, significant microbial impact and reduced post-treatment sensitivity with EPAP compared to traditional scaling and root planing (SRP).
Conclusion: The review suggests that EPAP is an effective adjunctive treatment in SPC, offering significant clinical improvements, reduced tissue damage, and greater patient comfort. EPAP shows promise for integration into routine periodontal maintenance protocols. However, further long-term randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm its benefits and establish its role in periodontal therapy.

Random number generators, or RNGs, are essential in a variety of domains, such as blockchain applications, information technology, and computer security. Pseudorandom numbers, their classification, experimental analysis, and the search for cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generators (CSPRNGs) are the main topics of this paper's investigation into cryptographic random number generators. The paper highlights the technical difficulty of producing tamper-proof, unexpected, and verifiable random numbers in distributed systems like blockchains, drawing on findings from a Chainalysis study.
Applications of blockchain emphasize the need for safe random numbers, especially in the gaming and token (NFT) industries, which are valued at over $44 million. Platforms such as the blockchain lottery Pooltogether, which has received over $10 million from players and pays out over $8,000 in weekly prizes at random, show the lottery's worldwide appeal. The Proof-of-Stake (POS) consensus method used by Ethereum, which makes use of decentralized RNGs, demonstrates how safe.

This literature review emphasizes the impact of aluminum oxide sandblast particles as a surface treatment agent on bond strength of heat-cured and 3D-printed polymethyl methacrylate denture bases and silicone soft liner. Denture soft liner materials play a crucial role in prosthodontics by enhancing comfort and tissue adaptability for denture users, as well as restoring irritated and deformed mucosa. The primary disadvantage of denture soft liner is the separation of the lining material from the denture base, known as debonding. Hence, it is important to improve the cohesion of these parts.

background: Several studies have confirmed the antimicrobial effect of a mixture solution composed of hydrogen peroxide 3% and vinegar 4% (HPV) as a disinfectant solution used for Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base. Immersing dentures in this solution may result in alterations to the physical characteristics of PMMA. This in vitro study was conducted to examine the effect of different immersion times of HPV on surface roughness of heat cure and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) PMMA. Material and methods: 60 PMMA samples were prepared and divided equally according to two different types of PMMA materials: a) heat cure (H) and b) computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) (A) PMMA. Each type was subdivided into three groups (10 samples for each) according to immersion time in the HPV mixture prepared with a ratio of (1:1); the control group was not immersed (H0 and A0), the second group was immersed for 90 days (H1 and A1) and the last group for 180 days (H2 and A2). Each group was examined before and after two immersion times with surface roughness measured by a portable roughness tester. The collected data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk for normality test and statistically analyzed with Two-way ANOVA. The data were considered statistically significant when P≤ 0.05. Results: statical analysis shows the highest surface roughness mean value was observed for the heat cure PMMA group (0.141). Statistical analysis showed no significant changes in the two immersion times (90, and 180 days) for both materials. Conclusions: The study concluded that HPV could be used as an alternative disinfectant solution for heat and CAD/CAM PMMA without promoting deleterious effects on surface roughness

Background: The study investigates the role of IL-23 in autoimmune thyroid disorders, focusing on patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Material and Methods: This case-control research was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital from January to May 2023. Saliva samples were collected from 87 participants, including 29 with hypothyroidism, 29 with hyperthyroidism, and 29 healthy controls. Saliva samples were analyzed for IL-23 levels using ELISA assays, while thyroid function tests (FT3, FT4, TSH) were conducted using the cobas c 111 colorimetric method.
Results: The study found a significant difference in IL-23 levels between the hyperthyroid group and the control group (P<0.01). However, no significant difference in IL-23 levels was observed in the hypothyroid group compared to controls (P>0.05). The age distribution showed no significant differences across patient groups (P>0.05), while gender distribution indicated a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders in females.
Conclusion: IL-23 serves as a significant marker for hyperthyroidism diagnosis, but further research is needed to explore its role in hypothyroidism. The study supports IL-23's involvement in autoimmune responses and its potential as a diagnostic tool for thyroid disorders

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal disease are both chronic conditions with systemic implications, yet their potential interplay remains underexplored. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the association between CKD and periodontal health status. Several mechanisms underlie the association between CKD and periodontal health. Shared risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and inflammation contribute to the development and progression of both conditions. Additionally, CKD-related immune dysfunction and impaired wound healing may exacerbate periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction, while periodontal pathogens and their byproducts may exacerbate systemic inflammation and renal injury in CKD patients.
Understanding the complex interplay between CKD and periodontal health status is crucial for comprehensive patient management. Multidisciplinary approaches integrating nephrology and periodontology are warranted to optimize the oral and systemic health outcomes of CKD patients. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanistic pathways linking CKD and periodontal disease and evaluating the efficacy of periodontal interventions in improving renal outcomes in CKD populations.

Dental ethics mean the obligations and moral responsibilities towards the patients, professional peers, and society as large. In Orthodontic Clinical Practice all information should be given to the patients before orthodontic treatment like the risk and benefit of therapy and the treatment duration also all the patients have the right to choose and determine the type of orthodontic therapy by application of American dental association Principles of Ethics (ADA Code), all these elements involved under the term of orthodontic ethics .This review article elucidates the ethical dilemmas encountered by orthodontists in their regular clinical practice, with the aim of providing optimal treatment to their patients.

In this study, the appropriate polymer solutions were prepared to create chitosan/PVA blends. By altering the ratio of the ingredients, several chitosan/PVA mixtures were produced, as follows: 12% chitosan and 88% PVA, 40% chitosan and 60% PVA, and 15% chitosan and 85% PVA. To generate physically crosslinked hydrogels for the drug delivery of atenolol, several acid cross-linkers, such as fumaric acid and phthalic acid, were applied to the chitosan/PVA blends. The formulations included 15% chitosan and 85% PVA with 0.02% (0.0024, 0.0041, 0.02) mol of fumaric acid, as well as 15% chitosan and 85% PVA with 0.002, 0.003, and 0.0064 mol of phthalic acid.
Using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, the chemical structures of the modified and unmodified chitosan (Chitosan/PVA) hydrogels were examined. Results regarding the formation of ionic cross-links between the protonated hydroxyl groups of the chitosan and the anionic functional groups of the cross-linking agent were established. The swelling ratio was determined for each hydrogel structure as a function of time in three distinct fluids with pH values of 2, 4, and 7.5, and at three distinct temperatures of 42°C and 44°C. The samples with the greatest swelling ratios were identified as PVA.PA0.002 (chitosan) and PVA.FA0.0024.

Beta-thalassemia major is a severe hereditary anemia that necessitates regular blood transfusions, leading to iron overload. This condition also affects various biological markers, including ferritin and vitamin D levels, and can influence immune responses and oral health.
The Aim of Study To examine the relationship between salivary Porphyromonas gingivalis IgA and IgG levels with the concentrations of ferritin and vitamin D in adolescent affected by Beta-Thalassemia Major. A case-control study was conducted from November 2023 to June 2024, involving 45 beta-thalassemia major adolescents and 45 healthy controls. All subjects were within ages ranged between 12-17 years. Saliva sample was collected and analyzed for estimation of salivary anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis IgA and IgG by using ELISA and blood collected and analyzed to measures s.ferritin and s.vitamin D by Cobas E411 system. The study group exhibited significantly lower mean salivary anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis IgA and IgG levels (40.59± 16.71 pg/ml), (15.23±3.21 pg/ml) compared to the control group (93.06± 55.25pg/ml), (18.92±3.32 pg/ml) (p=0.000) respectively. Serum ferritin (4158.37±542.64 ng/ml vs. 25.11±10.93 ng/ml), and vitamin D levels (9.83±4.69 ng/ml vs. 16.40±12.93 ng/ml) showed significant differences (p<0.05) between study and control groups. Beta-thalassemia major significantly impacts salivary and serum biochemical markers, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring and potential targeted therapies to manage iron overload and associated complications. The reduced immune response against Porphyromonas gingivalis in these patients suggests a need for enhanced oral health care and possibly prophylactic measures.

The plaque accumulation is the main cause of gingivitis, patients who wear fixed orthodontic appliances must practice meticulous oral hygiene procedures to prevent a range of problem, such as tooth decay, gingival inflammation, excessive gingival growth, and periodontal disease. manual tooth brush alone insufficient for orthodontic patient, so additional cleaning aids need like interdental brush, single tufted brush and water irrigator, the gingival health can be evaluated by periodontal parameters like plaque index, bleeding on probing and gingival index or by estimation the salivary or GCF concentration of cytokine by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA.

A teaching technique in educational institutions is considered an important state that reflect the performance of study. It is classified in to two methods, self-study and distance study that each method has advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, an innovative education method based on mixed method to associate their advantages and eliminate their disadvantages. It is employed using artificial intelligence (AI) and e-learning techniques for undergraduate engineering stages. The study is conducted on the main problems of a teaching geology subject such as of qualitative assessment, acquired knowledge and competencies in the department of petroleum engineering, college of engineering, University of Misan in Iraq. It is applied on 204 student that are study in the first stage the department of petroleum engineering during one years. The outcomes of this study prove that the proposed method achieves a higher successful rate of ( 80%), focused on evaluating the effectiveness of teaching and learning methods and aids used in general geology courses.

Kurdish music has many important transformations, including the liberation of Kurdish singing from the tarab sensuality on the one hand, the modernization of oriental music with Western classical musical instruments on the other hand, and then the enrichment of melodic and vocal writing with advanced musical sciences represented by the use of counterpoint, which led to the development of oriental music composition methods in terms of aesthetics and expression, which sought these methods, which began from the eighties (1980s) of the twentieth century to our current reality in the development of counterpoint techniques in polyphony Texture. Hence, the researchers believe that there are many experiences of Kurdish musicians in employing folkloric and folk heritage songs by treating their melodies in a contemporary musical way, i.e. by introducing polyphony (counterpoint and harmony) and diversifying in the instrumental distribution.
The research aims to show the role and use of counterpoint in Kurdish orchestral compositions. It is an important part of the development and diversification of contemporary Kurdish music, in general and shows how Dilshad Mohamed Said's counterpoint is used in his Kurdish orchestral compositions.
The use of counterpoint in Kurdish orchestral compositions is an endeavor to achieve serious scientific and systematic steps in the field of artistic expression and vocal diversity, which enhances Kurdish musical culture to reach the global level.

The issue of population disparity is a subject of interest for researchers, as the study of population distribution is related to the place and society, and their demographic movement according to administrative units. The research aimed to identify the nature of the demographic balance of the population variables in the study area and their population characteristics, including their distribution and the geographic factors affecting this distribution. However, this study relied on both theoretical and practical aspects, which addressed the development of the population and its relationship to natural and human factors. The result was that geographic factors have a clear impact on the distribution of the population of the district and the difference in their demographic balance, and the varying degree of influence of these factors in drawing the geographic distribution of the population. We note that the population of the district increased from (85,952 people) in 1997 to (172,116 people) in 2022, as these numbers varied according to the administrative unit and the environment.
The urban environment recorded the highest population of (129,490 people), while in the rural environment, the population reached (42,626 people) in 2022. The district center represents the highest distribution in the urban environment, with a population of (101,493 people), while the lowest distribution of the population is in the Al-Khayr district, with a population of (9,682 people). This is due to the difference in the demographic balance of the population of the study area at the level of the two environments due to the availability of services and the high economic level, and the presence of administrative institutions in the urban environment, which made the district center a center for attracting the population and migration to it from other areas, while the rural environment suffers from low economic and service levels, dry climatic conditions, lack of job opportunities, and weak community services, which encouraged migration towards urban centers in general and the district center in particular. The population density recorded (105.9 people/km²) in 2022, after it was (35 people/km²) in 1997, due to the small area of the district compared to the size of its population. This density was not evenly distributed among its administrative units due to the variation in the distribution of geographic factors between the parts of the district, as the highest level was recorded in the district center, reaching (241.8 people/km²) due to the small area of (506 km²), which contributed to the high population density, and the lowest level was in the Al-Khayr district

The research aimed to study some economic variables, which it sees as the main reasons that pushed children towards the labor market, by answering the research questions related to the reasons for child labor that pushed children towards the labor market and the circumstances of their families. Therefore, child labor is a phenomenon closely linked to the economic aspect, because the economic level represents one of the basic variables that push the individual towards work in any society, as economic reasons top the list among the reasons leading to children's involvement in work. The low standard of living of the family plays a role in children's orientation towards the labor market instead of continuing in school or combining the two, and this is what studies and research that paid attention to child labor indicated, as families with low and even medium incomes are sometimes forced to throw some of their children into the labor market in order to obtain part of their material requirements. The sample size was based on the economic activity represented by the activity (commercial, industrial and agricultural) in the district. The sample size studied was (700) boys and girls distributed between both sexes, as the number of males was (434) children and the number of females was (66) girls in the study area from children aged between (6-14) years.

The research dealt with exposure to Iraqi satellite channels and their role in shaping public attitudes toward political organizations. The research problem crystallized into the main question: What is the role of Iraqi satellite channels in shaping public attitudes toward political organizations? To achieve four objectives: identifying the patterns of public exposure to Iraqi satellite channels, the extent of their exposure to political content and the television arts presented through these channels, as well as determining public attitudes toward political organizations. This research is descriptive and uses the survey method. The research tool for data collection was a questionnaire form. The research concluded that public attitudes toward political organizations were somewhat negative.

The current research aims to reveal the grammatical structures and their stylistic significance in one of the Andalusian prose products, represented in the imperatives of Zaraqusti (d.: 538 AH), through three axes, for example (syntactic parallelism - structural structure - conditional structure) based on the nominal and verbal sentences. Which are considered the main focal point for all grammatical structures, which created a continuity between the propositional text and the forum, according to a conversational style, such as a case of merging between these structures and stylistics.

The study was conducted at the Mycotoxin Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection / College of Agriculture / University of Basrah for the period 2023-2024. A set of experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of Beltanol (BT), Carbendazim (MBC) and Thiophanate-methyl (TM) fungicides in controlling Rhizoctonia solani, which causes eggplant root rot. The genetic matching using BLAST revealed that the bacterial isolates that isolated from non-infected eggplant soils were Aeromonas caviae, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas putida. The toxicity results of fungicides on R. solani also showed the efficiency of the BT in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus by 100% for the tested concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, 100, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 500 mg L-1. Both the MBC and TM fungicides demonstrated variation in their efficiency in controlling the pathogen. The toxicity lines confirmed the values of the median effective concentrations (EC50), as they reached 100 and 489.7 mg L-1 for both MBC and TM, respectively. The 50% inhibitory concentration (I50) of BT was estimated at 7.94 mg L-1 for A. caviae, E. cloacae and P. putida respectively. While it was 12.58 mg L-1 for MBC in A. caviae, E. cloacae and P. putida respectively. While it was 31.62 mg L-1 for TM in the case of A. caviae, E. cloacae and P. putida respectively.

Many scholars believe that the city is a social innovation whose size , location , and internal organization are in terms of " power " ; And many changes in the structure and role - playing of the city are due to the mobility of " citizens " . The shape and appearance of the city , like the country , represents the pressure from the bottom up . Therefore , urban space processes have very low effects on the whole of politics , especially political development Competitiveness is one of the important issues that has been emphasized in urban literature in recent years and in this regard , different perspectives on the determinants of competitiveness have been presented . As a geographical phenomenon , the city has an effective role in power games and constitutes the most important spatial level of stress , action and competition in the present age . The present fundamental research with descriptive - analytical method express the fact that the necessary fields for their geopolitical study have been provided by creating a competitive environment and promoting the domestic and international competitiveness level of metropolises . Hence , an urban - scale geopolitics has made cities important actors in different geographical areas . The results of this study show that there is a relationship between the effectiveness of the roles of a place and the geographical area with its " power " . That is , as the roles have more extensive and in other words the broader function , the power of geographic location increases , like global cities . Indeed , the phenomenon of the city is studied and investigated in various dimensions , with emphasis on the central of politics , power and competition . elements

The study aims to identify the multiple intelligence patterns among high school students in Misan Governorate according to the (TEEN-MIDAS) scale and their relationship to the achievement. The researcher followed the descriptive survey method and the descriptive correlational method, where the research sample consisted of (200) male and female students from Maysan Governorate. The research sample was selected by a stratified random method. The study tools consisted of the TEEN-MIDAS scale for multiple intelligences. The researcher carried out the necessary statistical processing to confirm the psychometric properties of the study tool and to verify the validity of the hypotheses. The results were as follows:
1- Social intelligence ranked first among middle school students in Maysan Governorate
2-The results showed a high correlation between the multiple intelligence patterns of middle school students in Maysan Governorate according to the variable (gender and achievement)
3- The results also showed that there were differences between students (scientific, literary, industrial, and commercial) in the types of multiple intelligences.
Based on the results of the research, the researcher recommends adopting the multiple intelligence scale (Teen-Midas) in the future to evaluate students who will move from middle school to high school in order to direct them to the specialization that suits their abilities and abilities.

The purpose of this study is to determine the status of the transitional period and its implications for the "reconciliation and amnesty" mechanisms found in nations with transitional laws. These mechanisms are typically included in the transitional phase that results from drastically and completely altering a country's political system. The state uses a variety of mechanisms and strategies to integrate equity during times of systemic transition or transformation. In our research, we examine extrajudicial mechanisms like "reconciliation," victim compensation programs, and amnesty linked to community reconciliation in comparison to the dominant mechanisms of transitional constitutional systems to arrive at a conclusion regarding the relative importance or value of each. We also attempt to highlight the advantages or disadvantages of including these provisions or system in that mechanism and offer conclusions and recommendations targeted at addressing or evaluating that inclusion.

The aim of the current research is to highlight the representations of technical diversity in contemporary Kurdish visual arts. The original research community included the artworks of 20 Kurdish artists from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Artistic works for each artist were collected from various sources, such as magazines, social media platforms, and the official websites of the artists, resulting in 5 artworks for each artist. The selected samples for the research consisted of 3 models chosen intentionally based on the following justifications:
A. The diversity of technical performance in the selected sample models.
B. The selection of models that have a clear and distinctive presence both locally and globally.
After studying the technical diversity, the researcher concluded that this diversity plays an effective role in the performance and variety of artistic works concerning form and technique.

The interpretive approach that Al-Shahrastani highlighted andestablished in the methods of interpretation is the comparative research in the origins of interpretation and its methods, As the best ideal or ideal approach to be the pioneer in interpretation among the rest of the Islamic sects, Al-Shahrastani became acquainted with the interpretive approaches that arouse a spirit of disagreement among Muslims and tried to criticize and analyze them, As well as getting to know the interpretive approaches that confirm the spirit of unity and searching for its roots and origins, and benefiting from them. He discovered the interpretive approaches that were based on the interpretive approach or the interpretive source through serving the authority that was contemporary with it, whether it was a political authority, an intellectual or.
Cultural authority ,an ideological authority and so an .

The education sector has witnessed new developments in several areas, one of which is the constructive teaching practices of mathematics teachers and their beliefs about them. This has a significant impact on education and teaching methods. There are many different techniques and approaches that enhance the assurance of a better experience for both teachers and students. Therefore, the research aimed to reveal the degree of consistency in mathematics teachers' beliefs about constructive learning and their teaching practices.
The researcher followed a correlational descriptive approach, and a simple random sample of (50) male and female teachers from the General Directorate of Education in Misan was selected. The researcher prepared two tools: the first was a questionnaire to measure teachers' beliefs about constructive learning, and the second was an observation card to measure the constructive teaching practices of mathematics teachers. The psychometric properties of both tools were verified. The results showed that the degree of mathematics teachers' beliefs was moderate, as well as the degree of their constructive practices. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between the beliefs of mathematics teachers and their constructive teaching practices.

The distortion in the hadith is considered one of the biggest problems in challenging the Sunnah of the Prophet and the noble hadith, whether the distortion in the hadith was immediately after the time of the text or in this modern time of ours. Due to the seriousness of the situation in changing the original Islamic and doctrinal concepts, this study took it upon itself to reveal this situation in the hadith in our present time and showed its danger and its effects on the behaviors of society, the family, and the individual. The research has developed important results and recommendations that address the process of uncovering this situation and the seriousness of fabrication in the hadith

Closely, the stylistic diversity is connected to modern fine arts as a diverse technical movement that calls for change by refusing all forms of old traditions, values and norms. Thus, it refuses its reality, which is affected by political, economic, social and psychological aspects. Moreover, the reality leads to disintegration, self-destruction, and constant threat which are accompanied by anxiety and instability. The international artist revolted against society, language, sacred things, rules of mind and culture, and he or she opened up the fine arts with the works they contain (painting and sculpture) to their other arts to produce visual views that bear an alien characteristic and openness to the environment of its modern creative visual views. Due to the vital and aesthetic significance of this topic, the researcher sought to address it in her study. For this reason, the research problem was established according to the following question: (What is the stylistic diversity that changed the form and concept of modern fine arts?).
Based on the research question, the researcher formulated the significance of research and the need for it to shed light on the important aspects in which this study was prepared. Then, she prepared the aim of this study where the researcher sought to reveal the stylistic diversity that changed the form and concept of modern fine arts. Also, the researcher determined the objective, spatial, and temporal limitations of the research. In addition, the researcher defined the terms for the keywords of the research. The researcher mentioned (the cognitive framework of modern artistic methods) and (the philosophical rules that explained the development and diversity of modern artistic methods), including visual semiology and its impact on modern stylistic diversity. She mentioned the art of an event and image and the development of social media. The researcher discussed (the stylistic diversity adopted by modern artistic currents). The findings of the current study are: (1) The abolition of artistic naturalization in modern fine arts due to their openness to each other and the production of hybrid arts, (2) Stylistic diversity led to the diversity of environmental spaces with an open visual view and (3) the variety of methods and techniques that took on an alien characteristic which were used by the artist in most of his or her viewed works. Finally, the researcher presented the conclusions.