Journal of the College of Education for Women

On 11/1/2008 amounts of snows fell on various sections of Iraq, one of which is Baghdad. The analysis process of climatic maps proved that the advance trough of Sudanese depression towards the city is the reason behind the formation of this weather state supported by could trough in the (500) mb pressure level. . The research concluded that the phenomenon of global warming witnessed by the world recently had a main role in the occurrence of this phenomenon due to the raise in earth temperature as a result of evaporation rate increase leading to an increase in water vapor and cloud formation with high tops and low bases which form sows with high rates accumulating at high and moderate latitudes leading consequently to the increase of air masses coldness laying down over extensive ice covers in those latitudes which their effect reach to our areas.

Walt Whitman (1819-1892) is an exceptional poet both in the position he occupies in the American literature and in the kind of poetryhe wrote. Whitman's poetry isunconventional especially in his use of parallelism and its relation to the unityof nature, which heboth held and expressed in his poems. Inother words,he used parallelism to describe nature and through which God's presence in the working of nature.Parallelism is a literary activity, whichaims at creating patterns on the verbal level with the effect of creating texture and unity besides the aesthetic effect that such patterns offerto the work. Parallelism is a familiar phenomenon in art but to shed some light on it in Whitman's poetry in relation to his concept of unity can be of great helpfor usto appreciate his poetry

This paper deals with the concept of electronic reference services in academic libraries , showing forms of communications , training needs for reference librarians and the role of the librarian in the new technological environment.

Dame Ngaio Edith Marsh (1899-1982), a writer of detective fiction, was born at Christchurch, New Zealand. Her hero, Chief Detective Inspector Roderick Alleyn, appears in her first novel, A Man Lay Dead (1934), and in subsequent novels including Death and the Dancing Footman(1942). She wrote twenty detective novels. The Dancing Footman, Thomas, listening to a playful song from the smoking-room's radio where William lay dead after being killed by his brother, Nicholas, provides the most suspected guest at Highfold with badly needed alibi. The murderer, Nicholas, plans an almost perfect crime, but the dance of this footman spoils his scheme. When Alleyn and his group of policemen stage a show in which there is a reconstruction of the murder, Nicholas collapses, and tries to escape, hits Bailey, Alleyn's finger-print specialist, but they overpower him and take him away with the two corpses of his mother and brother.

The importance of this kind of study in the field of historical writing comes from its reliance on the accurate analysis of the book text then displays some methodological notes on that book. Therefore, this kind of study necessitates the introduction of the author's references and style, then showing and analyzing the relations between them and to show up the author's own thoughts throughout his writing of biographies and how he dealt there biographies

The study aims to recognize the degree of consumptions awareness of the Iraqi family; the conscious and studied planning of the family; budget and the object study of the rationalization s consumption.The research study 100 specimens of both students and employees who are housewives at the department of home economics of the college of Education for women.Questioner the items are 22.One of the most important results that the study finds is the availability of consumption's awareness's level particularly of low income families and college degrees hdders who are over 35.The study recommends the necessity of a conscious and studied planning of the family's budget; its purchase and consumption of clothes as well as the importance of focusing on the quality.

This paper is based on the conclusion that metaphoric expressions are conceptual. Their function is not merely easthetic or related exclusively to literary texts. Metaphoric expressions, be them metaphors, simile, imageable idioms including proverbs are expressive of man’s experiences within a certain social/cultural reality. And these experiences are expressed by language being “a part of reality, a shaper of reality and metaphor for reality” (Haliday: 1999).The reality of a native speaker (English and Arabic in the Iraqi society for the purpose of this paper) is permeated with metaphoric expressions as such that there is “a stock of metaphors” thecommunity of the native speaker lives and are representative of his experiences (Kramsch: 1993).The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to present an analytical view into the translatability of metaphoric expressions being vitally important in the process of meaning-making.One conclusion of this paper is that correspondent experiences produced by a domestic culture and a foreign culture should make the process of translating them possible and the possibility of getting the nearest possible equivalent wider.

n line with the most recent trends in genre analysis (Swales, 1990; Bahatia, 1993) and discourse studies on business communication (Dudley-Evans and St. John, 1998; Bargiela-Chiappini, F. and C. Nickerson, 1999, the article focuses on a particular financial genre, Bank's Annual Reports (ARs). More in detail, in contrast with widespread claim about the purely financial and informative nature of ARs, addressing experts only, this paper aims at illustrating in accordance with Bexley and Hynes (2003), and Burrough's (1986) considerations, that those reports endeavour to promote the company image and to leave a positive impression on readers. Generally speaking, companies communicate because they exist: they have a name, headquarters, offices, a logotype, and provide consumers with products and services that help people to come closer to the company's reality (Brioschi, 1990:51). However, another type of communication exists, this of argumentation: it is essential to inform the public about the company's activities, to charge its mind (Cantoni, Di Blas, 2002) and to make it act in a certain way. Thus, argumentation aims at convincing the counterpart that a thesis should (not) be accepted by using reasonable arguments that impress the hearer/ reader. It can be saidthat more specifically; argumentation can be found in an extremely important economic and financial texts: the ARs. These are considered comprehensible not only to experts but also the layman: they develop arguments that are within everyone's reach; they use plain language and effective stylistic devices in order to be readable to delightful and convincing to the public (Mignini, 2005:1).Some research so far has been based on the definition as well as the content analysis of ARs, and on their writing's techniques and strategies, but few had taken into account their argumentative stylistic features and discursive (in the sense of other-than-purely-financial) sections.There has been no much research focusing on argumentation in the economic and financial world up-to-now; in this paper we shall examine how argumentation is carried on in banks ARs, what the most exploited topics are, and how they are arranged to win the public over. A glance at the textual structure is given first so as to have an idea about how the readers are introduced into the bank's world. Then, an analysis of the most common topics and the way they are usually presented (their argument) is provided: examples are also given in order to clarify the content.The corpus of material gathered for the analysis includes four Bank's ARs. All the selected ARs are published on the web between 2003 and 2006 by the following prestigious big banks: Deutsche bank (2003), Bank of England Annual Report (2004), Raiffeisen Centrobank (2005), and Bank of America (2006).

This paper interest in studying the structure of the human ear, justification for using ear as biometric for Person identification / authentication, and investigating a new approach using image processing, normalize the image by using (Closest Row-Column) method, and matching with similarity measures. A matching performance in the training images set of recognition method achieved a rate of about 89 %.

Language is one of God’s blessings to human beings through which he distingushed them from other creatures, then how if this language was arabic. God honored this language and in which he descended his Gracious Boole that gave it glory and magnificance, and made it an immortal revelation to the arab nation in their poetry, oration, history and human tendency to the life of knowledge, mind leadershipe, innovation and progress.This study aimed at evaluating the arabic language come program for the new teachers. The sample was of (25) participants who were shown a questionaire consisting of (60) items distributed on (9) fields. Then, the data was processed statisically by using preauency rate, Kai square and percentage weight. The study reached into ahumber of results, conclusions and recommendations.

The curriculum is amodern science which reflects the social philosophy and what it needs . It searches for amothod that limits the knowledge that the indiridual gets in the society and the sorts of the culture that suits the enrironment in which they live. It also clears for them their history and their great in heritance. It has a great in flunce in their mental growth ,and it teacher the students new roles in the thin king ,and training then on what they have learned . According to there points the problem concentrats on the mostimpotant difficulties which facer thestudents in studing Arabic langnage text-books In spite of the great care that the text taker but it is full of subjects and studies which are far from the learnersneed .The recent research aims to an knowledge the most important difficulties that face the .students of the college of education for girls and the college of Ibn –Rushad,Baghdad university in teaching Arabic language text-books . This study includes ( ) students both girls and boys this research is prepared and it contained ( ) points.In itsstatistic treatment for the statements many methods were used such as weighted mean the percentage . And the research shows that the most of the items which were high in rate “The weakness of the teachers in their ability to explain the relation ship between the Arabic language and the texts-books “. The declined copacity-that exists in the university to apply methods “and”they depend an the written tests to appreciate the studentsmarks”.

This study attempts first to investigate how best to implement the concept of lifelong learning (henceforthLLL) as a guiding framework for the education policy in Iraq in general and for the higher education in particular. The paper identifies strategies for LLL, discusses its significance and key features, and opens up access for higher education students to good quality learning opportunities appropriate to their needs at any time of life. Secondly, the study intends to examine two hypotheses: 1) University does not properly prepare its students for LLL; 2) Students do not keep pace with the quick changes of information in order to survive in an ever-changing, information-driven world. The aim of this study is to improve students’ knowledge, skills and competence, and to give them opportunities to undertake further learning organized and directed by themselves in order to be active participants of a knowledge-based society for the whole life.The paper summarizes the current situation and concludes that further steps should be taken by the university and schools in general to make students prepared for a life in which they will be prompted to learn through the whole life span

Political economy is one of the important topics in translation. It accompanies two types of translation: political and economic translations. The two fields( politics and economics)are inseparable. One completes the other. One may read an economic text and find many political terms within it. This proves the fact that the text is not only economic, but also political, i.e. political economy textwhose vocabularies may have no equivalents in the TL (Target Language) and here a number of strategies are used. This conference had been convened on 29 June/2005 . It is sponsored by The Open Society Institute and because of its large information, it is restricted to the two kinds of translation: political and economic translations. Finally , the conclusions have been drawn.

A computerized investigation has been carried out on the design of an electron gun taken into consideration space-charge effect under high and low finite magnification condition.The Finite element method (FEM) used in the solution of Poison's equation for determine the axial potential distribution of the immersion lens, paraxial ray equation was solved and the optical properties for this lens are calculated.The work has been focused on the effect of current beam on the spherical and chromatic aberration and to find the best value of the current which gives accepted value of aberration in the present of space-charge

Perceptual audio coding has become a customary technology for storage and transmission of audio signals. Watermarking enables the robust and imperceptible transmission of data within audio signals, thus allowing to attach valuable information to the content, such as song title, name of the composer and artist or property rights related data [1].This paper presents improved LSB (least significant bits) algorithm for embedding a watermark of text type in wave audio file. From Experimental results in this paper conclude that the improved algorithm gives the robust by repeating the watermark on the cover file and gives imperceptible for lessener so there is nonoticeable difference between the original and watermarked file, testing to check that there is no noticeable difference between original and watermarked wave filedepending on the watermark bit error rate measurements

The paper delves into the semantic field to establish sense as an important category within the domain of conceptual or cognitive meaning. Varioussense-relationships that hold between lexical items are linguistically explored. Thesystem of these relationships, asthe paper shows, categoricallyreveals itself in terms of synonymy, antonymy,homonomy, hyponymy, polysemy and colour terms,inthis paper.Despite some overlapping, eachof these items announces its distinctive feature. Thepaper ends with a conclusion that reveals the merits ofalinguistic treatment of these refined semantic aspects

This study was conducted by using soil map of LD7 project to interpret the distribution and shapes of map units by using the index of compaction as an index of map unit shape explanation. Where there were wide and varied ranges of compaction index of map units, where the maximum value was 0.892 forMF9 map unit and the lower value was 0.010 for samemapunit. MF9 has wide range appearance of index of compaction after those indices were statistically analyzed by using cluster analysis to group the similar ranges together to ease using their values, so the unit MF9 was considered as key map unit that appears in the soils of LD7 project which may be used to expect another map units existence in area of that project and areas around which is considered an important step in soil survey works then classification and management of soils there. 78.57% of these indices where 0.526 or less that means they are low and reflects unit shape that is not simple and almost being elongated and branched ones. While 21.42% of these samples were 0.526 or more which show high and medium indices with shapes simple or moderately simple and may have no branches.

The phonetic replacement is the process of putting a sound or a linguistic syllable instead of another in one word that results in changing its meaning . It is one way of vocabulary varionsness and discrimination because replacement among the sounds of one expression and changing its image lead to change its meaning , and accordingly , each replaced sound has its own linguistic value that distinguishes it . In other words , the phonetic replacement is based on system of phonemic change which is a general phenomenon in all languages . The linguistic system doesn’t stand straight for word unless it is based on different standards that work on variousness , assortment and relating the phonetic change with the semantic change .This phenomenon is quite clear in Arabic which is distinguished in its flexibility and power to be diverse in having one semantic expression with different meanings through replacing one phoneme in stead of the original phoneme to change the meaning , with having something of the old meaning to make the structure difference a proof of meaning difference .The field of this research is the Holy Quran in which the phonetic structure has a power full and distinctive position and it is distinguished by the precise use of expressions .It chooses what is suitable for each context whether expressions or sounds . therefore, it can be said that the language of the Holy Quran is semantic , descriptive and phonetic with agreat psychological influence . It can be seen in different places of the Holy Quran having a phonetic replacement among the expression in one content the choice of the expressions replaced from a based on having semantic relations with the replaced ones.The study of the semantic relations inside of the semantic sphere is one if the important issues related to semantic , and these relation differ according to the kind of expression , their meaning intended by the speaker and interpreted by the hearer such relations can be divided as mentioned in the holy Quran into the following : 1-the semantic meeting : it is a distinctive feature in all languages in general , and Arabic in particular and it is based on meeting and confrontation among the linguistic elements and is includes many semantic features like identically , contrast , contradiction and inconsistency in the expressions replaced on the bases of meeting two important relations are identified : a) meeting by contrast , Example : atka and ashka (أتقىوأشقى) ,rataka and fataka (رتȬق وفتȬق ) , ragaba and rahaba (رغȬب ورھȬب ) , asura and yasura ( عسȬُر ویسُر) . b) meeting by contradiction , Example : kharak and khalak (خرق وخلق ) , mahasa and mahaka (محص ومحق ) ..2-The semantic closeness : Theclose expressions are those expressions that are close in meaning but differ in one sound , Example : ada and hada (أدّ وھدّ ) , 3-The semantic analogy : the analogous expressions are those close in the general meaning or in a shared semantic side , but different in some sounds and such expressions are called semi –synonyms by some sounds authors ,Example : khunas and kunas (خنّس وكنّس) ,farah and marah (فرح ومرح) .Finally , it is concluded that phenomenon of phonetic replacement is an importantphonetic phenomenon on which the Quranic style is based on different places . It is based on pure semantic basis related with the context . In addition ,there should be different semantic religious among the expressions exchanged phonetically and this adds , on the successive verses in one context , a semantic relation that emphasizes the semantic proportionality in the Quanic expression among the sounds and their meaning and the expressions and their significance.

This research is an attempt at revealing T. S. Eliot's emphasis in The Waste Land(1922) on the modem man's urgent need to restore the strong bond which once existed, in primitive times, between man and nature, on the one hand, and between man and myth on the other. The strong relationship, or triangle, that bound man, nature and myth together formed one of the fundamental foundation stones of ancient civilizations. It manifested itself most clearly in the vegetation myths and legends and the mystery religions of ancient cultures. What Eliot delineates in The Waste Land is the effect of the disintegration of this triangle. Modem man is dissociated with nature and as a result has no intention of interpreting nature mythologically . At the same time, he juxtaposes the past with the present in order to contrast the presence of this triangle in ancient cultures with its absence in contemporary life.

This study aims toevaluated the user satisfaction of retrieval services concerning to universities thesis and dissertations in university dissertation unit of Baghdad Library for achieving the following objectives:1-Evaluating the performance of this unit (thesis unit of Baghdad University Library) regarding to users opinion.2-Recognizing the reasons in this unit behind the case of non satisfaction of its users and trying to find the suitable solutions.To achieve those two objectives, the questionnaire tool was performed and determined the user's satisfaction level by using a sample survey. 1118graduated students were subjected to this experiment. The following main results were appeared:§The satisfaction level of the service was 77% for Ph.D. students, and 82%for M.Sc students, those two percentage rates were considered are good for this service.§The non satisfaction reasons for this service could be assigned into following :-Non conformance the language of users and the system language.-There are many thesis and dissertations which related to users need but did not retrieved by the system.This study instructed the following:vImproving the retrieval system particularly which it is related to the subject analysis to make the system language mach with the user language.vData Base should be established for all of those university thesis and dissertations and it must be accessible on the internet.