Journals geographic

Scientific Research means:- the organized style in collecting and documenting, writing it down as objective and analytic notes with systematic, scientific steps wether it classified within theoretical or applied reasearchs.
The importance of scientific research is increasing when it connected with reality more and more, in studding problems and giving solution for.
In our days, the need for studies and equable scientific research is increased more than any past time. So the world and science is in race to reach as more as possible exact knowledge which extended from science that achieve human luxury and guarantee the excelling on others. The reason why advanced countries make a big importance for scientific research is that it realize that the highness of nation is made up from its behavioral. Thoughtful and scientific men ability. The scientific research is a fertile field and a basic support for nations economy and progress and as a result achieving nation luxury and keeping its international position. Systematically of scientific research and its ways become one of admittedly things in academic institutions and research centers, beside its spreading of use to deal with problems that faces society in general, so it is not limited to natural science only, but extended to include all science related to human life wether directly or indirectly.
In general, scientific researches of university researchers and educational institutions aim to many things such as:
1- Offering scientific advice and developing practical. Scientific solution for problems that faces the society through studies and researches which requires its preparation a governmental or domestic authority.
2- Transfer and settlement of new technique and practicable in develops and adapted it to suit local circumstances for development.
3- Connecting scientific research with university aims and development plans, far from duplication and redundancy and get use for former study
4- Preparing a generation of distinguish researchers and trained them to make pure researchers with high level through many ways including participate graduate students, lecturers, research assistants in making scientific research, Accordingly it must be headed to scientific researchers for these scientific upgrades which aim to achieved these up targets including improve the level of the university education and upgrade studies, so, this problems is about
Is what depend on scientific research from … quotation, extraction, and documentation for references and scientific sources match with … scientific systematic in preparing it?
As for research hypothesis, interfere with direction that contributes in reduce negative sides that come with quotation, extraction and information documentation taken from source, report, letters, thesis and net. So it can define:
There is difference in the way of documentation of source and references, letters and geographical thesis from other science.

The research aims to shed light on the impact of the geographical proximity factor in drawing a picture of relations between Iraq and Syria through various stages, based on historical and analytical approaches.
Show of the search that the geographical location of the neighboring Syrian Iraqi factor in the development of relations, as the two countries are linked by several religious and national, linguistic and common history can lead to a high degree of integration between them if they had followed a foreign policy towards each other takes into account the geographical aspects of both countries. As well as bonds the most distinguishing feature of the Iraqi - Syrian relations different Bmrahlha rule of estrangement between them - and this does not preclude the existence of cases of convergence in varying periods of time - and back to the competition between the two wings of the Arab Socialist Baath Party. and the form of the US occupation of Iraq obsession scary for the State of Syria that the success of the experiment in Iraq will make them a target, coming after the Iraq out of these concerns were taken it seeks to thwart the experience in Iraq and saddling a sectarian war by encouraging the entry of terrorists into Iraq .odam political parties over the other parties, causing sectarian rift evident in the social fabric.
Finally is the crisis taking place in Syria since 2011 and up to the present and in the future also the most prominent of convergence between the two factors, and the reason for this Shih Iraq from dilated terrorist organizations in Iraq this a really happened in 2014, so the will accept this relationship will be dominated by their cooperation the fact that crisis will make Iraq the second goal in the presence of adequate ground support for these organizations.

The crime on the diversity of patterns and different places of occurrence became pose a threat to the foundations of society, so it came this research in the context of geographical contribution in finding solutions to social problems plaguing society, especially crime phenomenon, and it is known that crime is a social phenomenon occurring in the place and its causes And motives make spatial variation in the distribution of crimes fertile field of geographic studies and this is why the geographers to study the phenomenon of crime in all its spatial dimensions.
The research spatial distribution of crimes of murder and robbery in the province of Najaf, because of the subject of the importance of its connection to the security and stability of society, the study found several results was the most important, that the murders, according to the administrative units do not go on one frequency, but vary from an administrative unit to another, While the homicide rate was at hand (confusion) during the study period (90.1) murders per 100 thousand inhabitants, while no more than (61.6) crimes per 100 thousand people in Abbasid hand, while the rate of theft crimes in Najaf spend Center reached during the duration of the study (839.8) The crime of theft per 100 thousand inhabitants, while the average no more than (91.3) crimes per 100 thousand people in Abbasid hand .waodan study that the murder in a rural province of Najaf, either for the crime of theft are urban. Also it showed a positive relationship between population size and homicide and theft of administrative units in the province of Najaf during the study period (2004 - 2014), the more the population have increased the number of murders and vice versa. The study also showed that there is a very strong correlation between the place of the perpetrators residence and place of occurrence of crime in the province of Najaf relationship was (0.99), and this means that the perpetrators of the killings are from the same administrative units affiliates do not shy away from them substantially, as well as the perpetrators commit crimes murder within districts affiliates. And that there is variation between the place of the perpetrators residence and place of occurrence of the crime of theft in the province of Najaf, which means that some of the perpetrators of theft crimes are of the same administrative units affiliates do not shy away from them substantially, others come from other regions outside the province to commit theft crimes. The study showed that there is variation in the preparation of the population in the administrative units and enterprise security affiliate, since there are police stations densely populated and police stations on the contrary, the status is of Najaf spend features (11) Safety Foundation and a number of residents reached (734 819) according to population estimates ( 2014) This means that each institution with security (66 801) people from the population, while the Abbasid hand, the population reached the (88 041) people and the security of a single institution.

The research aim to study of influence within the scope of functional spatial structure of cities in the province of Najaf. By adopting Riley model, which is one of the methods of planning with spatial dimension, research has shown tyranny career influence of the city of Najaf at the expense of other cities.

Cares Find studying the mainstream of temperatures in the province of Najaf and know the directions of change in temperature during the period (1962-2014) borders the normal maximum and minimum through the analysis and study of the annual and monthly averages of thermal limits of three regular and major and minor, to the province of Najaf and know the nature of the change and contrast in track temperature through the application of many different statistical methods such as standard deviation and coefficient of change and coefficient of variation and the Simple regression coefficient.Forecasting temperature for the period 2015 - 2062. The study confirmed that there is increasing temperature and gradually levels normal and maximum and minimum and this is due to the impact of climate change taking place in the world now, that this increase thermal limits are low Contrast and this Proved deviation coefficient.

This study examines the use of GIS technology in the educational services’ planning in Deir Al-Balah city in 2013, it aims to assess the current educational services and the disclosure of the positives and shortcomings with the help of the international planning standards, and determine the future needs of the educational uses. The study reached that GIS technology is worthy of use in the study of educational services due to its ability to provide comprehensive spatial information on the locations of educational services for the city's neighborhood, and the preparation of other alternatives in order to achieve a state of spatial balance according to the population density and the Service area performed by the educational services through the use of various tools in Arc GIS 9.3 software such as Network Analysis .
The study highlighted the contrast in the distribution of educational services in the city and deficiencies in its level, then select the best sites to establishment such these services with the benefit of existing schools. And that by minimal effort and cost, and that will have the big effect to support planners and decision people to take right decisions in order to achieve urban development.

The Algerian urban heritage, especially in the arid and semi-arid areas , Until Not so long was consistent principles of planning and environmental solutions in its design with the principles of sustainability of urban contemporary, Is based desert ksuor planning (Bou Saada ksar) on two levels The first is the conscious planning , It was based on the overall planning for the city
Includes the main streets, which was heading to the heart of the city where the mosque and the market, while the other level, which includes feeder roads and housing built over time it was been a spontaneous way But it was based on two main factors : Social Background And a deep legacy of experiences and Learning from the principle of trial and error
We will try through this research to determine the features of sustainability in Algerian urban heritage (case study Boussaâda ksar), By comparison between the planning principles in the study area and assess what posed by Evaluation Systems of Sustainability .

Mortality acquire great importance being one of the effective demographical and geographical phenomena in the distribution, growth, and composition of population. Death is inescapable reality of all living organisms, but its occurrence is different as a result of too much contrast of characteristics such as social, economical, and environmental in addition to the characteristics of kind and age. This study aims to identify the amount of mortality in the State of Qatar as well as realizing the spatial and temporal distribution then to identify their distribution according to age, type and nationality (citizens and tourists). This study is based on different assumptions, the most prominent of which is that the mortality vary spatially and temporally as well as their variation according to type, age, and nationality. The conclusion of this study is that the crude mortality rate in the State of Qatar had a trend toward decline, also the temporal direction of mortality showed the prominence of male mortality more than the female ones through the time of the study, the age group 15 – 64 topped other categories, where the ratio of 61.8% of the total mortality.

The spatial dimension of the city pubic within a large role in the field of regional influence geographical space Kan diversity potentials and qualifications are available (natural, human and economic) exceeded the limits of its territory intensive study was based on direct questioning and field study, which adopted a minute questionnaire by 5% and distributed to the relevant institutions for the most accurate data. To save the results of the search in the conclusion of an effective value in determining the area of regional influence of the city and it has been formulated on the basis of a set of recommendations.

The talk of the town is the talk of the community with all its components and its properties, the city is Kia n with architectural and sociological, economic and cultural dimensions, while the society is a system of social relations affects and is affected by this physical entity, namely the city, interest in the city is one of the best cultural ways to achieve development This is through underline a comprehensive development programs that take into account the new approach in the management of cities, so as to create a kind of homogeneity between all sectors and regions, as well as to redraw the demographic and economic map of the city, as well as to remedy the gap and imbalance between all regions and valuation capabilities by ensuring the development sustainable in all spaces, and this is by ensuring economic and social balance ecological protection and support in the context of sustainable development.
The housing of random phenomena in the ancient cities of Iraq, is that the spread of this phenomenon is currently indicating a rapid population growth and urban policy is sound resulting in an imbalance in the system and the system of urban decline development.
And show slums in the first image in the form of huts or tin shacks or remnants of buildings have recourse to these areas, a large number of the urban poor and immigrants from the countryside looking for the life of the city and particularly in the major cities.
We have the goal of research is to a statement random housing in the city of Baghdad with addressing the definition of the phenomenon and its causes. As and research found to a set of conclusions is that the problem of random housing is not new, but rather roots go back to the beginning of the thirties of the twentieth century and has increased this phenomenon and aggravated contract after another, and especially after the events of 2003 and was the cause of aggravation of this phenomenon is the increase in population due to natural growth or migration from the countryside to the city as well as the high prices of land and house prices and rising rents, as well as for other reasons related to the security aspect and the suffering of the country from the precarious conditions, as and turns of the research that more municipalities that suffer from the spread of slums where they are followed by the municipality of Ghadeer then mayor of new Baghdad Kazimiyah and Rusafa, the less the number of municipalities in the slums is the first mayor of the chest and the mayor of the municipality of Mansour and Adhamiya.
Iraqi city today is an urgent need to rebuild the institutions that mean the planning process to the city dating back to recover and its beauty so check urban sound environmental health and well-being of its population and areas neighboring By controlling the spatial land use systems according to what is in the basic designs intended for cities as well as educate citizens the need to comply with the laws of planning and lack of spatial change of land use in the city, not to the knowledge of the planning authorities so that this does not lead to a change of Jameorvolgih the city and make the planning process is part of life for citizens in order to create a healthy urban environment of the city and bring happiness and well-being of its population.

The Ports consider the window which the state rise on the external world and building through it its commercial relations , So that the port being a connection link between the sea and the state or between foreland and hinter land .By returning to the historical origin for the word ( Port ) we find it derived from Latin origin word ( Porta ) which means the entrance or gate .
Dubai ports considering one of more activity ports in Arab Gulf states and middle east , it form the wide gate for commercial activity which serve the Arab area and Oman seaside in the first degree , after that this activity expanded to include more states in most continent .
This port represent the soul in Dubai emirate and it was the reason to arrive Dubai to develop centre between world states , superior on Hamborg ( Germany ) and Los Anjelos ( USA ) especially in container exchange

planning is the control in directing the activity of the reconstruction of a specific area in a specific destination, and is intended to achieve the level of performance when the reconstruction of a new city or reconstruction of the city of cities, develop and raise the level of urbanization on it , by placing the scientific basis for implementation of the project and determine its steps which commensurate with the requirements of the times and circumstances the place and the people living in it. The principle of land use is the most important areas of urban planning, a topic that has been put forward in this search and using geographic information system technology as one of the most modern technologies which can direct it in this area.
The researcher in his research use (Maysan) neighborhood in the city of Kufa as a case study where the researcher deliberately to divide the study area into three sections according to what is in the basic outline of the city of Kufa, which was displayed on the side of the field study.
the study in this search was as two themes: the first study view the land use ratios in the study area. The other part has specialized in the study of the proportion of the shift in land use from agricultural use to residential use where there are some of farmland have the owners converted it from the agricultural use to residential use and there Many of the reasons that made them to convert land use and as a result of this , a new residential pattern emerged is a squatter and because of that many problems have emerged in the study area, such as pollution and the increase in population and the lack of receding green farmland down to the conclusions and recommendations that serve the subject of the study which has been shown through it tagged that there is deviation in some uses from the Iraqi standards represented of the standards of urban housing and that these deviations were less than the minimum standard areal defined within the standard, as the majority of them were not conforming to the standard areal while it was identical to the standard access distances and others are non-matching criteria for the standard Survey and easy access. It was relying on GIS program in the analysis of aerial photographs of the study area and the analysis results appeared which described above, and depending on the results that have emerged , a set of recommendations have been proposed that will address the problems that exist in the region.