Misan Journal of Academic Studies

The research dealt with the impact of foreign labor, especially Iranian labor coming to Iraq, on the agricultural development of the Jazira region in eastern Iraq, and the western Ali district was chosen as a model for the studied farms, to measure the response of agricultural activity to the inputs of foreign labor and its impact on the development and sustainable development of these areas that suffer from drought and desertification.
It became clear from the research the contribution of the Iranian labor force with what it possesses (experience, agricultural technologies, agricultural work tools, agricultural system, irrigation methods, type of seeds, fertilizers ... and others). The western region in particular, whose production of some crops such as watermelon and watermelon covered the local needs of the central and southern regions.
The research showed that there are a number of factors that contributed to attracting foreign workers, especially Iranians, to work in Iraq, external factors (the abundance of agricultural labor in Iran, the currency difference between the two countries), and internal factors (the decline in agricultural subsidies in Iraq, drought, the decrease in water imports, traditional irrigation methods, Migration towards the city, orientation towards the government jobs sector), and the research predicts the possibility of expanding the activity of Iranian agricultural labor in Iraq after the success of its experience in Iraq, and its return of financial benefit to both the worker and the investor.

The study of the reality and indicators of the Sex composition and age comes at the forefront of population studies because it shows the demographic features of population societies. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach as well as the regional approach. In addition to the use of many statistical sources for the study. The study concluded that the age and gender structure in Iraq has its own unique indicators that distinguish it from other neighboring countries. Where its population pyramid is characterized by a broad base that begins to narrow gradually, ascending to the top of the pyramid. This pyramid differs from the rest of the population pyramids of neighboring countries, and the reason for this may be due to the absence of a population census in Iraq since 1997. The research also found the spatial variation of the dependency rate. The lowest life expectancy rates were also recorded in Syria and Iraq, which came with similar values (20.7 and 20.8), respectively. As for the presumption of old age, it reached (0.09) in Iraq, which means that it is the most youthful country.

Recent years have witnessed a continuous increase in the phenomenon of dust storms in Iraq، as it was found through the analysis of climatic data for the stations of Iraq for two micro-climate cycles (Shwab cycle) for the period (1950/1961 to 2009/2020)، the continuous increase in their occurrence، reaching during the last ten years to More than (181) dust storms، caused by natural and other human factors، which called for interest in studying this phenomenon، explaining the reasons for its recurrence and the factors that helped it، and then explaining the phenomena and effects resulting from this phenomenon. And addressing the mechanisms of confronting these dust storms and reducing them with short، medium and long-term plans.

Mortality is one of the social phenomena that are affected by the prevailing social and economic conditions, as it rises in societies where diseases, poverty and ignorance are prevalent, while decreases when health services and good nutrition are available, In addition, it is a biological and civilized phenomenon because many of the causes of death at the present time are social causes related to the prevailing social, economic and cultural level.
The research problem is summarized as follows:
• What are the geographical characteristics of the study area? and did it affect the temporal variation of mortality in the study area?
• What are the factors and causes affecting the variation in the size and mortality rate in Basra Governorate?
• What are the direct causes affecting on mortality and their variation in Basra Governorate?

The research depended on what the agricultural reality of agricultural issues related to the winter and summer crops in the area , where there are some natural abstracts like(climate ,soil and water) which restrict or avoid growing some of the crops in the area or lowering the quantity of the production increasingly comparing to the previous years for the one donum ,and so , there are put several solutions and suggestions to improve the agricultural reality and raising the production for the donum in the area and that was through using several modern techniques.

The noise problem is one of the most prominent environmental problems that has increased in recent times, which has negative effects on human comfort, as it causes disturbance and discomfort due to the multiplicity of its sources. It led to an increase in the noise levels in the study area in varying proportions, as the study showed that the noise level resulting from the markets reaches (91) decibels near the owners of the stalls, (79) decibels resulting from the movement of transportation and transportation, and (82) decibels resulting from the industrial shops and workshops Carpentry and (81) resulting from schools, students' voices and street vendors .The study showed that by collecting the data of the randomly distributed questionnaire amounting to (500) questionnaires, with (250) for those inside the market and (250) forms for those who are far from the market, (198) answers were recorded, with a percentage of (79.2)% of those present in the market complaining about noise sources. While (130) respondents with a rate of (52)% complained about noise sources despite their presence far from the market, it is good that the most disturbing source of noise for those present in the market is the loudspeakers used by simple owners, if (90) responses were recorded with a percentage of ( (36%), while those who are far from the market recorded (90), with a rate of (36%). 84) By (33.4)% of those who are away from the market suffer from exhaustion and fatigue also because of the distance of the market from them and the difficulty and length of time to reach the market, while (196) answers were recorded by (78.4)% of those who are inside the market want to move from their home due to Multiple sources of noise and difficulty in reaching their homes easily, as well as traffic jams resulting from movement Cars are near the market, while (152) answers were recorded by (60.8)% of those far from the market who do not wish to move from their places of residence due to being away from noise sources and traffic jams.

Water is like air in terms of importance, as it is one of the most important and precious natural resources, and the regularity and availability of clean water are essential for the survival and health of most living organisms.
As a result of the rapid spatial expansion and excessive population growth, most rivers, lakes, streams, and other water bodies are increasingly polluted. other, so it must be preserved in its natural state.
Concern has increased in recent decades about water in the world. Water pollution is one of the most important problems facing humanity today. International frameworks, laws and agreements had to be put in place to prevent pollution and preserve water resources. Efforts must also be made between decision-making sources for the purpose of developing the necessary laws and regulations to control water sources and protect them from pollution.
From here came the idea of this research to shed light on the main sources of surface water pollution in the city of Mosul from a geographical point of view.