Al-Bahith Journal

Research Summary:
This study tries to address an important topic of Arabic grammar, we find that it has taken a good place among grammarians, which is "grammatical differences in the monolithic tools in the book of the elite class of Taqi al-Din Ibrahim al-Nili (7 AH)
"The grammarians were reviewing this dispute for a semantic purpose, as it comes only for the sake of meaning, and because this topic is very large in the grammarians' books, the study was satisfied with the disagreement in monolithic tools.

Abstract
This chapter includes the stages of chemical industries in the holy Karbala Governorate of the two holy shrines, and includes an explanation of the devices and machines used and their importance in each stage of the chemical industries, and each chemical industry includes different stages from other chemical industries and also the raw materials used differ, in the plastic industry, the first stage includes injection molding through the polymer heating process and in the second stage injection molding in which plastic pellets are melted and in the third stage the vacuum is cast to extract the liquid material and then the other stage is blow molding and the final stage is heat molding, as for the stages of manufacturing detergents, sterilizers and disinfectants there are several processes or stages, at the beginning of the process the raw materials, water, perfumes, colors and others are mixed in the mixer and then they are tested in the laboratory to be ready for packaging, and in the next stage the machine is fed with empty cans and in the last stage they are placed in the carton and exported to the markets, as for the stages of fertilizer manufacturing, there are three elements in the process of manufacturing chemical fertilizers (potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen) all of which enter into the manufacturing process Organic and inorganic fertilizers, and also the stages of paper making include many processes that depend entirely on machines and equipment, and paper is printed and artwork is designed using design programs, and the main source of paper making is wood. There are many stages in the manufacture of cardboard. At first, raw materials such as recycled paper or wood pulp are collected, and then these materials are processed and then go through several stages and processes, and then they are packaged and shipped to markets or customers.

Abstract
The sources of knowledge in human thought are diverse, which made its issues the subject of research, contemplation and consideration. We find that the philosopher Socrates said that mind is the source of knowledge, and his student Plato followed this approach, considering mind as a criterion for truth, unlike those who adopt sense as a source of knowledge.

While the interest of Muslims in the issue of knowledge differed from its foundations in Western philosophy, in that most Muslims' vision is based primarily on contemplation and reliance on reason and transmission and the nature of the relationship between them. Based on this notion, a group of theories emerged, including the sensory theory, which considered sense as one of the basic tools of knowledge, and there is the rational theory, whose proponents considered mind to be the source of knowledge without sense, and as for the proponents of the theory of knowledge and divine revelation, in which revelation is considered by theologians to be one of the most important and richest sources of knowledge.
Accordingly, we see the state of difference between the Islamic concept of knowledge and the Western concept of it, so that each side appears to be the opposite of the other. This difference and disparity revolves around the sources of knowledge, its nature and its purpose. On the one hand, the sources of Western knowledge are limited to the world of nature and existence, while the sources of Islamic knowledge extend to include revelation and the supernatural. Accordingly, knowledge in Western thought is limited and confined to the boundaries of matter and its world, while the Islamic concept extends to include, in addition to nature, the aspects of the unseen.

Abstract
Semantics stands as one of the most significant linguistic inquiries, forming the core of research endeavors. Scholars, authors, and interpreters, in order to unveil the meanings of words, structures, and texts, follow mechanisms dictated by the nature of the texts on one hand and their cultural and intellectual framework on the other. We witness them delving into texts, rationalizing, citing, and balancing evidence to substantiate what they perceive as inherent meaning, supported by proof. They establish reinforced evidence by posing questions that sometimes demand explanations, citing instances from the eloquence of Arabic at times, and drawing comparisons and balances with their counterparts at other times. These mechanisms, among others, were observed in this research while examining the semantic guidance mechanisms employed by Sheikh Al-Kaf\'ami.

Abstract
The aim of the research is to study important stages of the noble Prophet’s biography, which is the stage of the revelation of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, and its relationship to his illiteracy, peace be upon him, and the writing of the revelation, in light of the verses of the Holy Qur’an and the opinions of the commentators. The study began with a brief review of the development of writing and its transfer to the Arabian Peninsula, the homeland of Islamic preaching. And the revelation came, and we were inspired by this summary that reading and writing in this region was not common, and many did not learn it, until Islam entered, and there were only a few people in Mecca who knew how to read and write, and this number did not include the name of the Prophet Muhammad, the subject of the research. This inference was the beginning of the way to bring up the rest of the evidence that might answer us as to whether the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, knew how to write or not. The verses of the Holy Qur’an, especially those related to the illiterate and illiterate, have provided us with a wide scope for study after we got to know their meaning linguistically, and in light of what the commentators have provided us with. A statement that supplemented the study with the complex meaning of the term illiteracy. In light of this, the study was able to find out whether the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, knew how to read and write or not. Based on its knowledge of that, we had to answer several questions, including: How did God command the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace? To read, even though he does not know how to read and write? How does he know that the so-called writers of revelation wrote down what was dictated to them correctly? The answers were consistent with the results of the study, which concluded that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, did not read and write, and that the Qur’an was revealed in purified pages, and the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, did not seek help from what is called the Book of Revelation.

The research monitors one of the most prominent linguistic phenomena that has been frequently repeated in linguists’ books, but it has not received as much study as other linguistic phenomena, even though it represents one of the prominent linguistic aspects.
After identifying the linguistic meaning of the phenomenon, and tracing the sources of its uses in the books of linguists, especially the writings of Abu Hayyan, we can conclude by defining the phenomenon of grammatical escape as: (A means that grammarians follow to escape from a style of speech in which there is a departure from the grammatical rule that they have established, in order to return to it, taking into account correctness and not falling into error)

Abstract:
Arabic is distinguished from other languages by an important feature, which is: that each word has a rank in speech, The rank is determined by the meaning of the word, And its significance, And its effect on the sentence, The rank in the grammatical structure is subject to a change in position, greatly influenced by the meaning, The positions of the ranks vary according to the meanings, This includes giving importance to the advanced rather than the latecomer, The Iraqi Scientific Academy Journal is not without research that discusses the effect of rank and changing its position in the word, Especially the research of Dr. Fadhel Al-Samarrai.

ABSTRACT
Praise is to God for his blessings, and for his great benevolence and benevolence, which has bestowed upon me a healthy body and a sound mind, and abundant gifts without any favors. Prayers and peace be upon the master of humanity, and his honorable family and companions, Abi Al-Qasim Muhammad.
This research, titled (The Effect of Tools on Producing Meaning), revolves around tools and their impact on how meaning is derived. This is to clarify the impact of the tools in the text in which they appear, the extent of their importance, and to clarify the distinction between one tool and another. The research also focused the unilateral tool and deleting the dual tool and how to evaluate them in the text. The second topic was entitled the Meaning of the tool in light of the context. This included the research covering a group of Qur’anic texts that discussed a group of tools and the role of the verbal and verbal context in determining their meaning, including (lam) and (to). A paragraph of the research also discussed how to include one tool in place of another tool, and the research concluded with a list of the most important research outcomes.on monitoring the role of the omitted device in multiple meanings. As the meaning is multiplied by the multiplicity of appreciation that each linguist assumes, the research also demonstrated the role of the linguistic and semantic context in determining and producing the meaning of the tool. As for the structure of the research, it came in two sections preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion with the most prominent results reached by the research.
The introduction included the meaning of the tool linguistically and terminologically. The first section was entitled Deleting the tool and its role in producing meaning. The study included deleting

Abstract:
This research has highlighted the amount of fluctuation in the elements of temperature and rain in three climate stations, namely Sulaymaniyah, Mosul and Basra. These stations were chosen because they are located in different climate regions, namely the Mediterranean region, the steppe region and the desert region. They also differ in their height above sea level, in addition to their location from seas, oceans and low-pressure centers. To show the effect of these factors in determining the amount of fluctuation of the two mentioned elements and their general direction, the study concluded with the emergence of some results, the most important of which is that the amount of the temperature fluctuation )coefficient in Basra )station was 5.3%), then Mosul station, which was (3.4% and( the lowest in ( %3.1 )Sulaymaniyah station. Also, the fluctuation coefficient of rain was the highest in Basra station and the lowest in Sulaymaniyah station. The general direction of the two elements in all stations was towards the rise.

Summary
Despite the different points of view on the concept of poetics and the definition of its topics, what is agreed upon is that it means searching for the means of creativity and its procedures and identifying the artistic, aesthetic and stylistic features that add uniqueness and distinction to the literary text. Accordingly, poetics are achieved through rebellion and deviation from what is prevalent and familiar from the means of poetic formation.
The reader of the poetry of the poet Abdul Razzaq Al-Rubaie clearly notices his reliance on the deviant style in the formations of his poetic texts. He was distinguished by a different style based on a different vision in the process of poetic formation, and this is what made his texts enriched with deviant formations that are available at distinct artistic levels.

Abstract
The current research aims to identify political trust among students of the University of Karbala, and the statistically significant differences in political trust according to the variable (gender, specialization, academic stage, affiliation). The study sample consisted of (400) male and female students for the academic year (2023-2024). To achieve the research objectives, the researchers followed the descriptive approach and adopted the (Salomi, 2021) scale for political trust, consisting of (24) paragraphs based on the theory of Halmburger et al. (2012). The standard properties of the scale were verified after presenting it to a group of experts. Then the researchers analyzed the data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that university students have weak political trust. The study also showed statistically significant differences in political trust according to the variable of political affiliation (belongs, does not belong) in favor of those who are politically affiliated, and there were no statistically significant differences in political trust according to the gender variable. (Male, Female), Specialization (Scientific, Humanities), and Stage (First, Second, Third, Fourth).

Conclusion /
The book (Al-Badi\\' in the Spring Season) by Al-Himyari is full of poetic selections describing the nature of Andalusia. The research was subjected to a rhetorical study in the arts of (Al-Bayan and Al-Badi\\'). The research devoted only the first chapter of the book; It is not possible to search for the rest of the chapters. Among the results of the research was the study of graphic phenomena, their analysis, and an explanation of how to convey the poet’s thought to the recipient. It was noted that simile and metaphor (sensual) took precedence over all other types of graphic arts. As for the arts of Badi’, all kinds of anagram appeared (derivative, Qur’anic, and distorted), and tasdir (replying the sacrum to the chest) came second, and it was of three types (tasdir al-tafiyya, tasdir al-tarafiyya, and tasdir al-tafiyyah), and there are other arts that there is no space to mention.

Abstract:
This study came to determine the importance of the Republic of Ukraine in the Russian-Chinese strategic depth, as the strategic importance of Ukraine is crystallized from several points, the most important of which is its unique geographical location, as it is the gateway to Eastern Europe, in addition to its vast area, the nature of its terrain, its land rich in resources, and its supervision of warm waters, which doubled the focus of Russia and China on it, so the position of the Republic of Ukraine was greatly entrenched in the Russian-Chinese strategic perception.

Abstract:
The industrial sector in the study area has great importance in supporting spatial development and developing infrastructure in any place where industrial activity is present. The thermostone industry has a different importance that supports the continuation of this industry, including the availability of the main raw materials used in the industry. The thermostone product is characterized by many physical and economic properties that distinguish it from other building materials, including light weight, as its density ranges from (400-900) kg/m3, and its weight differs from the weight of other materials used in construction, its ability to provide thermal and sound insulation due to the presence of air bubbles, in addition to the ability to Its water absorption requires (90) days for water to penetrate to a distance of (24) cm. There are also economic properties, including the speed of construction, as well as the economy in binding materials such as cement and gypsum. Thermostone requires (7%) m3 of these materials, while bricks require (27%) m3. It is also characterized by being free of salts and phenomena. Finally, the nature of industries in developing countries must have problems that hinder the development of industries in general, especially those that were addressed in the research, including energy, fuel, and the main requirements involved in the manufacture of Thermostone.

Abstract
We refer in these pages to those Quranic readings mentioned by Al-Jarbardi (746 AH) in his explanation, and to his method or approach followed, and what is his point of view? How did scholars view it? What is the reading of the readers in it and their treatment of it? How did he treat it? What is the extent of his honesty in transmitting and attributing opinions to others? What is the relationship of these readings to grammatical structures in terms of the regularity or irregularity of weights?.
- Keywords :
(Al-Jarbardi’s position on the Qur’anic verses), (The opening of the letter of the present tense and the ‘ayn of the verb), (The breaking of the ‘fa’ in the present tense of the trilateral doubled verb), (The damma of the ‘ayn in the verbal noun with the ‘mim’), (The deletion of the pronoun of the ‘ya’ when stopping).

Abstract
The current study investigates the influence of Punctuated Lecture Technique (PL) on EFL fourth grade students' achievement in the Methods of Teaching English course. It is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental group taught using PL technique and the control group taught using traditional discussion. A sample of 82 students from the Department of English – College of Basic Education- fourth stage was selected. This sample has been divided into two groups, i.e., (42) students for the experimental group and (40) for the control group. The results showed that PL technique effectively improved learners' achievement in the Methods of Teaching English course, as per pre and post-

Abstract:
Foreign intervention in Arab society has sparked a wave of intellectual and security conflicts, revealing the weakness of the foundations on which intellectual and social balance was built and opening a serious picture of a declared and hidden war waged by Arab society to respond to this challenge. One of the figures who led the Arabs towards liberating and deepening intellectual and political awareness is Youssef Al-Issa, who faced contradictions between the interests of the current regimes and the interests of the popular masses.

Summary
All countries of the world differ in the types of food and drinks they provide, as a result of the difference in civilizations, cultures, customs and traditions, and are also associated with holidays and occasions for each of the peoples of the world. They prepare certain types of special dishes as a kind of celebration ceremony. Therefore, Fatimid cuisine was characterized by its nobility and diversity of foods, and distinctive drinks not only in their taste, but sometimes in funny tales, which reflect the many cultures that passed through Fatimid cuisine, and left an impact on them between the different Islamic eras.
And because of the large number of seasons and holidays that were celebrated in Egypt and sit caliphs and people extend to them the strangeness of the names and anecdotes of foods, and the palaces of the Fatimids were famous for the abundance of learning from the maidservants the arts of cooking and they have a wonderful cooking industry and an advanced presidency. They established restaurants that operate from dawn until sunset and late hours of the night to meet the needs of the population of food, and restaurants are linked to markets because of the large gathering of residents in addition to the presence of several kitchens.

abstract :
The current research aims to find out the effect of the knowledge trips strategy on the achievement of the Arabic language subject among fifth-grade primary school students, as the researcher conducted statistical parity between the students of the two groups in a number of variables, namely chronological age calculated in months and grades in the Arabic grammar subject, as the researcher intentionally chose the project school for girls, which includes Three sections and randomly selected Section A to represent the experimental group (36), and the control group was chosen with (36) students. The researcher identified the scientific topics and behavioral objectives and prepared an achievement test of the type of multiple tests and confirmed its validity and stability. The

Summary: -
In this research, we discussed the biography of Ibn al-Sabbagh al-Maliki (d. 855 AH/1452 AD), in terms of his name, lineage, birth, and upbringing. We discussed his most important sheikhs whom he studied under, as well as his most important students. We discussed his academic standing and his most important works, the most important of which is the book The Important Chapters in Knowing the Imams. Which covered the scientific material in many aspects and many topics, which specifically mentioned the biography of the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), as well as the biography of the pure Imams (peace be upon them), especially Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him).

Abstract :
This study aims to find out (the effect of the hot chair strategy on the achievement of literature and texts among fifth-grade female students and the development of their critical thinking). To achieve this, the researcher chose a sample of (63) fifth-grade female students. Literary in(umu habibat lilbanat ) in the upbringing of Holy Karbala, with (31) female students for the experimental group and (32) female students for the control group. The researcher rewarded the female students of the two research groups in the variables of chronological age calculated in months and the academic achievement of the parents. And mothers, the intelligence test, and the pre-critical thinking test. After the researcher identified the scientific material, the researcher formulated behavioral goals, the final number of which reached (100). The researcher prepared model teaching plans for each of the topics specified for the experiment, and in order to measure achievement. And critical thinking among the students of the two research groups. The researcher prepared two tests: the first was an achievement test, the number of which was (50) test items, which verified its validity and reliability, and a critical thinking test, the number of which was (75) test items, which verified its validity and reliability. After applying the two research tools and analyzing the results obtained by the researcher statistically, the results resulted in the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the two achievement tests and critical thinking. The researcher also concluded the effectiveness of the hot chair strategy in achievement and critical thinking among the fifth-grade literary students in the subject Literature and texts compared to the usual method, which is an important goal advocated by all conferences and modern educational literature. It recommended benefiting from the results of the current study by moving away from the old teaching methods in teaching the subject of literature and texts

Abstract of the research:
The topics of general and specific, absolute and restricted, are important topics rich in their material. The interpreter must control their limits to enable him to deal with the Quranic connotations according to the principles that control the interpretive process. The general meaning that the interpreters refer to reveals the occurrence of specification or restriction in the Quranic news and stories as it applies to the rulings, in order to benefit from the intended meaning of the speech and take the intended lesson from the Holy Quranic text after dealing with the connotation by applying the controls of general and specific, absolute and restricted. There is no doubt that the Quranic verses were revealed by the All-Wise, All-Knowing according to the desired interest, and since the circumstances surrounding the call affect that interest, and to change these circumstances, it is necessary to gradually explain the intended meaning, so the statement comes general and then its specificities or specializations become apparent. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the specific or examine the restricted, and this is one of the aspects of wisdom in the general and specific, absolute and restricted.

Abstract
Caliphs of Rashidi ( Orthodox) era faced a number of troubles and intricate on the political level. They were totally disabled to reach a suitable solution in accord with the huge problem they faced especially they represent the top of pyramid after the prophet of Allah ( p.b.u.t.).
Thus, due to that situation, it was a must for them to return to somebody that was able to find solution for those troubles and intricate with simple ways with out hesitation. As a result, they returned to Ali Bin Abi Talib ( p.b.u.t.) who did not hesitate in leading political disasters that faced caliphs of his time.

Abstract
The migration of the Prophet and Muslims to Medina marks the emergence of the Arab Islamic state under the supervision of the Prophet and since the Islamic message was characterized as a religious doctrine from which emanates a law based on this Sharia an integrated social system, so the mission of the Prophet Muhammad was not limited to the responsibility of communicating the message to all people, but also the responsibility of governance among Muslims, especially since the people of Medina showed their willingness to accept the message and believe in it and defend it and its owner, so the Prophet did not waste time in Medina, but rather He immediately began to lay the building blocks of the new entity and took practical steps that continued throughout his life, establishing borders, and implementing the judiciary.
He spent in civil and criminal rights, and collected money from its legitimate places, and distributed it to those who deserve it and in its legal facilities, and declared war, and concluded treaties and reconciliation, and that the study of the biography of the Prophet in Medina through the novels of Sufyan bin Uyaina, show us that (ص ) has established the rules of the state organization, was appropriate for his time and adequate to the needs of the society that was governed and was in all that supported by God Almighty, and his companions who were recruited to serve the call and the state, which formed them the body of his government .

Summary
This research seeks to study the verbal collocations in the collection of praise and lamentation. This collection is full of examples of actual verbal collocations. The study consisted of an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The two studies were interested in studying the nominal and actual verbal collocations, and the study was based on taking samples of collocations and analyzing them linguistically. Then, linking the linguistic meaning with the meaning intended by the poet.

Summary
Muhamed Roznamji is considered one of the short fiction writers in Iraq.
He was born in Hasan Pasha new quarter, Baghdad, in 1927. He belonged to the fifties generation, according to the classification of the Iraqi short fiction witers. His first story, Merchant of Forgetfulness, had been published in 1949 in al Jazira magazine. More followed, though were little in number, it introduced a limited fiction writer with ten stories only, that were later collected for publication under the title “People, Places and Times”. These stories, and else, were at time, the subject of continuous criticism, in mind revaluating and placing the importance of the writer and his stories within the historical context of short fiction in Iraq. It can be said those efforts were best consideted in the book of Muhammed Khdair, the well known story writer of Basra, History of an Alley: Essays on the Centennial of Iraqi Narrative”. The book of Khdair kicked off many more attempts took the initiative to evaluate the fiction of Rozmanji in the light of different Iraqi view and in contrary to what was inscribed earlier in the fundamental records of Iraqi criticism. Khdair had made a comeback to Rozmanji’s stories in a detailed study he called “The Sketched Narrative”, where he went around those stories within a discussion he devoted for the subject of “The Sketched Narrative”.
Then many attempts tried to refresh the past evaluation of Rozmanji, the late fiction writer. Theoe attempts linked with others, to shed light on what we agreed to call “The Lost Generation”. As a whole those attempts made up a critical study pushing for laying foundation for establishing a new literary and fair history of the short fiction, and maybe the novel in Iraq. As we said earlier the book of Mr. Muhammed Khdair “History of an Alley” was very influential and reasonable study. The discussion of Kdair study is considered a good example of a critical will aspiring for taking the literary history of Iraq into new level. In this context one could not ignore the studies of the late critic Dr. Abdulellah Ahmad, one of the literary history founders.

Abstrecs
The defeat suffered by the Arab countries in their war with Israel in 1967 not only changed the map of Palestine, but also violently shook the entity of Arab society, and had major consequences whose effects still exist in the fields of politics, society, economy and culture. Hence, this research came as a cultural criticism aimed at dismantling the structure of power that caused the defeat, as represented in the collection of the Iraqi poet Muhammad Ali Al-Khafaji, “He Did Not Come Yesterday, I Will Meet Him Tonight.” The research material was divided into an introductory introduction to the concept of authority, followed by three sections. The research material was divided into an introductory introduction to the concept of authority, followed by three sections. The first was devoted to studying the violence of authority by revealing its mechanisms for monitoring and punishing, and the second dealt with the dichotomy of masters and slaves as an introduction to approaching the legitimacy of authority. The third topic was about the poet’s interrogation of the culture that produced the defeated authority. This was followed by a conclusion with the research results, and a list of sources and references.
1967.

Abstract
The Iraqi-Mexico relations witnessed a remarkable development in the late seventies of the twentieth century through the opening of an embassy for both of them in the other, and the intensification of the diplomatic effort between them. What was the reason for choosing the title of the research, through which it was proved that Mexico's regional and international relations were on a great deal of balance and diplomacy, even with the major countries, especially the United States of America, and it took advantage of its international position in bringing together the views between the industrial and developing countries on the one hand, and the communist and capitalist countries on the other hand.