Ahl al-Bayt Medical University Journal

Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera L.) plant is a medicinal plant used to treat various ailments in Iraq by herbalists, the pharmacological evaluation of its leaves despite the rich pharmacological potential of its roots was not done, in this re-search, the phytochemicals from the Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera L.) leaves were extracted by different types solvents (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethanol and water respectively), presence flavonoids, tannins, saponin, steroids in water and ethanol extracts while the saponin and steroids only were present in chloroform and carbon tetrachloride extracts, the water and ethanolic extracts were found to be good inhibitor or good active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, and this activity may be belong to polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and tunnies com-pounds, and by comparing the GC/MS analysis chromatogram of extracted sample with NIST database entries, identification compounds by peak value of the unknown compound in chromatogram. In chloroform extract among the 16 phytochemicals identified, 1,2,3,5-Cyclohexanetetrol is the most abundant compound present followed by n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid), then Acetic acid, 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one, 5-Hydrxoy methyl furfural, Caryophyllene oxide, α-Tocopherol-β-D-mannosidic respectively, other compounds revealed are n-Decanoic acid, Formic acid, cis-3-Hexenylpyruvate, 4-Octyl tetradecyl Phthalate ester, etc. In ethanol extract among the 21 phytochemicals identified, O-Butyl hydroxylamine is the most abundant compound present followed by Hexanoic acid ethyl ester, then Oleyl alcohol, trifluoroacetate, Oleic acid, etc

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative illness that is rising in the older population. The disease is related with industrially produced hazardous substances. Long-term exposure to several metallic materials is a well-established etiological risk factor that has grown more prevalent as a result of the high rate at which human activities release substantial quantities of metals into the environment. Specifically, heavy metals are extremely harmful to the nervous system. Multiple studies have linked the toxicity of heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium to neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid beta peptide aggregation, and neuronal cell death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in Serum lead levels between AD patients and healthy subjects. Methods:This study was conducted on all patients with cognitive impairment who were referred to AL Husain Medical City following a diagnosis by a professional psychiatric and neurological consultant in accordance with National Institute onAging and Alzheimer's Association guidelines. Patients and controls were matched by age and gender. Serum lead levels were determined for both groups using flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (SHIMADZU AA-6300/Japan) . Results: The average values of serum lead levels in the patients and healthy controls were (19.13±19.11ppb) and (10.22±2.49ppb) respectively with showed differences of high statistical significance (p< 0.001). Conclusion:In this work, serum lead levels were strongly related with AD

Aim of the Study: This article's goal is to familiarize every clinician with the basics of lasers and the many laser systems that they can use in their clinical settings. Practical Implications: There is less injury to the surrounding tissue thanks to the laser's quicker and painless operation. It is a powerful and good approach that may be applied to both soft tissues and hard tissues

Background: Cervical cancer is a global public health issue that requires early management and has a causal relationship with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV types 16 and 18, which cause around 70% of precancerous lesions and cervical malignancies, are the two high-risk HPVs. According to research on intrauterine devices, they do not affect the prevalence of HPV infection, but rather its development to cervical cancer. Many research on intrauterine devices (IUDs) reveal that they cannot change the prevalence of HPV infection, but they can change the progression of cervical cancer. Objective: The goal of this study was to look at the relationship between recent IUD use (by type) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia .Conclusion: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are among the most successful means of contraception available today, with failure rates comparable to other forms of sterilization. IUDs have various advantages, including efficacy, ease of use, reversibility, and patient satisfaction, especially when it comes to time commitment for long-term use and cost. In addition, the influence of contraception on the development of precancerous cervix lesions and cervical cancer may provide information useful to women in makingcontraceptive decisions

Background:A lifelong neurodevelopmental illness, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is typified by core symptoms that include confined, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or hobbies, as well as persistent difficulties in social communication and social interaction. The incidence and burden of ASD on the affected person, their family, and society are both noteworthy.Aim of the studyTo evaluate the effects of Taraxacum officinale extract on the sodium valproate-induced model of autism and the level of antioxidant stress biomarkers.Materials and Methods:60 healthy albino mice (20 female and 40 male) were used in this study. The mice were split into 20 groups, each with one male and two females for mating. After establishing the zero-day, On the twelfth day of gestation, female mice were divided into two groups. One group was given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of water only. By contrast, to create an experimental model of autism, the second group was given a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of sodium valproate at a dosage of 600 mg/kg. The baby mice were taken from their moms on the 40thday after birth, and they were divided into eight groups at random (four control groups and four VPA experimental groups) with each group consisting of the following: control no treatment no=10, T.O. 200 mg/kg no=10, T.O. 400 mg/kg no=10, and risperidone 1 mg/kg no=10. Following a 20-day course of therapy, all groups underwent an open field test. Following the completion of the experiment and 24 hours after the last treatment dose, mice were beheaded, with just two brain hemispheres removed. These were homogenized and ready for the Elisa procedure, which measures GSH and MDA concentrations.Results The finding of this study showed that the length of the tail in prenatally VPA-exposed groups decreased in comparison with Control groups. Also showed that TOE at both doses (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) had anxiolytic activity, decreased hyperactivity, increased latency duration in the core, and showed better results than risperidone in reducing grooming and rearing in VPA-mice during the open field test. Also showed antioxidant activity by
32decreasing MDA level with superior efficacy to risperidone in VPA-offspring; although T. Officinaleat both doses decreased lipid peroxidation in control groups better than risperidone and at a dose of 400mg/kg it increased the level of GSH in VPA-offspring more than risperidone did.Conclusion:These results showed that prenatal exposure to sodium valproate at a dose of 600mg/kg caused a decrease in the length of the tail of mice in comparison to control offspring. TOE acts as an anxiolytic by managing symptoms of autism, such as anxiety, hyperactivity, and fear. It reduced grooming and rearing in VPA mice more effectively thanrisperidone. TOE had antioxidant activity by decreasing the levels of MDA and GSH in control and VPA offspring

Background: Recent breakthroughs in non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPT) have actually dramatically transformed the landscape of prenatal hereditary testing, using a more secure, alot more precise choice to conventional intrusive approaches. The combination of next- generation DNA sequencing innovations, such as cell-free DNA screening as well as entire genome sequencing has actually boosted the discovery abilities for a large range ofhereditary irregularities at an early stage in maternity minimizing the threat to the unborn . child and also possibly simplifying antenatal treatmentMaterial and Methods: This research utilized a buddy layout to evaluate blood examples from expectant females throughout numerous gestational phases. The growth stage includedmass chromatography to determine materials existing at greater focus in the Down's Syndrome team contrasted to a typical team. The recognition stage, performed by a knowledgeable group, used measurable real-time PCR to name a few innovative assays for hereditary evaluation. All treatments followed honest requirements established by the . Medical Research Council of the UKResults: The research's studies highlight the high precision of NIPT, with an inconsistency of much less than 1% contrasted to typical techniques, showcasing its efficiency in spotting Down's Syndrome to name a few hereditary problems. Furthermore, no considerable danger to unborn children was observed, marking a renovation over intrusive methods. Conclusion:NIPT attracts attention as a very precise, much less than from intrusive choice for antenatal hereditary testing. It’s mirroring considerable technical innovation with substantial moral ramifications. Future research study ought to intend at broadening NIPT's capacities, consisting of the discovery of paternally acquired hereditary problems to additional decrease . the requirement for intrusive analysis examinations

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the invasion and growth expansion of bacteria in a part of the urinary tract system, most of the time (about 80% to 85%) it caused byEscherichia coli. E.coliare one of the most core sources of the disease and infect peoples of all ages. This infection could lead to many difficult issues, including the most attention-grabbing issue which is the increasing of microbial resistance to antibiotics. Nowadays, the increased bacterial resistance to antibiotic has make room to herbal therapies with less side effects supersede the conservative medicines. Consequently, this study focused on the antibacterial effects of methanolic extract of saffron petal against E.colistrains.The method used to evaluate the extract effect is the disc diffusion method. The result showed that the crude extract has a very effective antibacterial activity againstthe mentioned bacteria causingUTI. More studies should be conducted to verify the safety of the extract, and then it could be considered as an alternative for antibiotics used in UTI treatment

Aim: Creating and analyzing a new formulation of sodium fusidate loaded-silver nanoparticles in the form of a gel. Procedure: sodium fusidate loaded-silver nanoparticles prepared by chemical reduction method using trisodium citrate as the reducing agent to produce silver nanoparticles firstly. Then the gel prepared by using carbomer 940 and triethanolamine. sodium fusidate loaded-silver nanoparticles was characterized by globular diameter, polydispersity index (PDI) and pH. Results: The novel formula had (668.2±0.2nm) globular diameter, normal homogeneous dispersion (PDI, 0.567±0.002) and pH (6.2±0.05). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first sodium fusidate loaded-silver nanoparticles nano‑drug delivery system. It has promising pre‑clinical and clinical uses

ASD is a collection of neurodevelopmental conditions defined by limited and recurrent variations in conduct, hobbies, and interests, as well as a chronic difficulty in socially interaction with others. According to the most recent research in science, autism is thought to start in early childhood and cause changes in the structure, connection, and operation of the brain. Disparities in interaction with others, instruction, interaction, sense of smell, and intellectual capacity are caused by these brain variations. Research conducted in the past several years has shown that early developmental environments and genes both play a role. Current research focuses on the biochemical pathways through which known gene variants may cause autism by modifying the brain's fundamental neuronal circuitry. These variations in genes are linked to several general neuronal activities, such as controlling gene expression timing and patterns and the operation of synapses, the junctions and channels for neural communication. The current study is a statistical study for the autism in Iraq, (204) cases have been taken. The questioner list that had been taken for the cases was taken for Gender, Certified diet schedule,
89approved medication schedule, and other mental disease in the case family.This research includes studying the relationship among four parameters and autism patients. First parameter was the relationship of the gender with the autism case. The second parameter was the relationship of the certified diet schedulewith the autism case.Third risk parameter that has been taken was approved medication schedule. The fourth risk parameter that has been calculated statistically was their other mental disease in the case family.In first parameter, it revealed that there is a significant value (P value=0.000) between the two genders (male and female) and the disease. In the second parameter, it revealed that there is no significant value between the certified diet scheduleand the disease.The third parameter givesa significant P-value(0.00) between this parameter and the disease.The last parameter givesa significant P-value(0.00) between this parameter and the disease.The questioner list that had been taken for the cases was taken for Gender, Certified diet schedule, approved medication schedule, and other mental disease in the case family.First parameter was the relationship of the gender with the autism case. It revealed that there is a significant value (P value=0.000) between the two genders (male and female) and the disease.The second parameter was the relationship of the certified diet schedulewith the autism case. It revealed that there is no significant value between the certified diet schedule and the disease. The third risk parameter that has been taken was an approved medication schedule, and it gives a significant P-value(0.00) between this parameter and the disease. The fourth risk parameter has been calculated statistically was there other mental disease in the case family, and it gives a significant P-value(0.00) between this parameter and the disease

one of the most dental problems present among population is losing of teeth that lead to many of side effects. However, there are different treatment plans available, including (bridges, dentures, and implant-supported teeth) or by preventing ways. Aim: to determine the frequency of tooth loss and the causes lead to its loss among patients attending teaching clinic.Subjects& Methods: Sixty patients between 41-65 years old (30 males and 30 females) were examined for causes of tooth loss by asking them different questions. IBM's statistical software for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to evaluate the collected data. Diagrams and tables were created using statistical information to describe the characteristics of the pupils in question. A one-proportion z-test is a statistical test used to compare the proportion of a sample to a known population proportion.Results:according to statistical analysis the results showed that the caries was the highest cause for losing of teeth followed by periodontal diseases with bad oral health.Conclusions:The most common cause of tooth loss was dental caries that related to age of patient, socioeconomic habit like smoking and oral hygiene.

Nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates are revolutionizing targeted cancer therapy. This review explores their transformative potential, tracing the evolution from monoclonal antibodies to versatile nucleic acid aptamers. We examine aptamer properties, functionalities, and the pivotal role of in vitro selection (SELEX). The integration of aptamers with drug-encapsulated nanoparticles is highlighted as a potent vehicle for targeted delivery. We scrutinize nanoparticle attributes, conjugation techniques, and clinical relevance while addressing challenges such as nuclease degradation and renal filtration. This comprehensive exploration underscores the promise of nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates in precision oncology, offering enhanced targeting and improved cancer treatment outcomes. Future directions, including combination with immunotherapy and overcoming drug resistance, are discussed

Background:Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. There are currently more than five million PD patients worldwide. Up to date, no curing treatment is available. The main characteristics of PD are the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the lack of dopamine in the striatum, which result in the clinical features including tremor, bradykinesia, and muscle stiffness.Objective:This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) in rotenone induced Parkinson models in SH-SY5Y cells and study the immunological and biochemical effects of (PEE) on the levels of IL-6, MDA, Dopamine and TAOC and identify the doses that effectively decrease the levels of IL-6 and MDA in SH-SY5Y cells.Materials and methods: SH-SY5Y cell lines were seeded in 96 tissue culture plates. All cells were pretreated with different concentrations of propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) at serial dilutions ranging from 31.25 to 1000 μg/ml (four replicates were used for PEE) for 2 hours at 37C then challenged with ROT (20 μg/ml), the plate was covered with a self-plastic lid. After a 48-hour incubation period following the exposure period, the cell lines were taken for immunoassay by ELISA method using MDA, IL-6, TAOC and dopamin Colorimetric assay.The results:The result shows thepropolis boosted the viability on SHSY5Y cell line due to its ability to inhibit neurite outgrowth of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells. and the neurotoxic agent rotenone showshigh cytotoxic effect on SHSY5Y cell line. also (PEE) at different concentrations show a significant decreased (p value<0.05) in MDA andIL-6 levels.Conclusion:Inconclusion, this studyindicating that natural compound propolis attenuated the neurotoxicity induced by rotenone in SH-SY5Y Parkinson’s disease cell model due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties

Background: The disease known as colonic rectal cancer, which only affects the colon or rectum, is brought on by the aberrant proliferation of glandular epithelial cells in the colon. The three primary types of CRC are colitis-associated, hereditary, and sporadic. According to several research, family history, chronic inflammation, and dietary and lifestyle choices are risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) [1]. Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 10% of cancer-related deaths, with ~1.4 million new cases and 693,900 deaths reported in 2012.Materials and methods: colon cancer SW480 cells, Vero cells were incubated with different concentrations of valproic acid combined with IC50 of 5-fluorouracil then MTT assay, TNF α, NRF2, and casp.3 were assessed after 48 hours.Results: valproic acid and 5-fluorouracil combination decreasesthe viability of SW480 colon cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent way, decreasing TNF-α level, NRF2, and casp.3 concentration. Conclusion: Our results have shown that 5-fluorouracil and valproic acid inhibit the growth of colon cancer SW480 cell lines in a dose-dependent way and their combination induces a more cytotoxic effect decreasing TNF-α, NRF2, and decreasing casp.3.

Both the practice of bloodletting and the use of Hirduomedicinalisfor medicinal purposes have roots in ancient Egypt and the dawn of civilization. The years have seen fluctuations in their popularity. Hirudomedicinalis, often known as medicinal leeches, are used therapeutically in hiruditherapy (HT), a traditional method of treating inflammatory illnesses and pain. Leeches therapy is currently receiving more attention in the supplementary medicine community. These are aclass of segmented invertebrates that are employed by medical professionals in phlebotomy to treat a variety of illnesses. They are well recognized for being sanguinivorous blood feeders. Here, the affected areas are connected to cultured leeches, which bite without pain at first before draining blood. Over the past few years, the four main German dealers have seen a steady growth in sales, which has resulted in an estimated 70,000 treatments (about 350,000 leeches sold per year, four to five of which are used for each treatment) that takes place in Germany. The majority of these therapeutic advantages are attributed to the saliva's numerous bioactive chemicals, including hyaluronidase, hirudin, calin, destabilase, apyrase, glin, and many others, rather than the blood that was drawn during the biting. Reducing pain is the main objective of treatment for localized pain syndromes, especially for disorders involving the knee, such as osteoarthritis. Heart difficulties, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatitis, gynecological abnormalities, reconstructive surgery, and trauma situations such as the reattachment of amputated fingers, toes, and ears are among the ailments for which it is used. In order to keep blood flowing through clogged skin flaps, plastic surgery is also part of it. Recently, new applications for it have been found in the treatment of diabetes, hypersensitivity illnesses like asthma, cancer, and infertility in both men and women. Researchers are continuing to extract and synthesize a growing number of novelsalivary chemicals for use in clinical and private practice due to the growing therapeutic potential of HT. Thus, by addressing two primary topics—a critical evaluation of Hirudomedicinalisand leech therapy—this review serves as an experiment to investigate the complex leech-man interaction.

Background Blue-green algae, or Spirulina platensis, is used as a dietary supplement. It has a high protein content, antioxidants, several phytopigments, and neuroprotective properties. Penzyltetrazole is one of the greatest medications for creating an animal model of epilepsy, which is recognized as a neuropsychiatric condition in humans with a shortened lifespan and deficits in social and professional functioning. While many antiepileptic medications are recognized as effective treatments for epilepsy symptoms, theyalso have negative side effects. As a result, the need for novel therapies or treatments with minimal side effects is overwhelming. By giving spirulina to rat groups following seizure induction and comparing the results with those of valporic acid, the antioxidant impact of spirulina was investigated. Taking spirulina by itself and When spirulina is administered both alone and in conjunction with an antiepileptic medication, oxidative stress indicators such as MDA that are generated by PTZ induction decrease

Herbal medicine, often known as herbalism or phytotherapy, is an alternative healthcare strategy that uses plants and their extracts to treat various pathological problems. Flavonoids are the main group of plant secondary metabolites and are present in thetissues and organs of various plant species. Flavonoids are essential for various biological processes and can be influenced by a diverse array of environmental factors in plants. The rutaceae is an extensive botanical family comprising a multitude of genera and species. The rutaceae family consists of a largevariety of aromaticsplants, predominantly located in tropical areas. The rutaceae family of plants is extensively employed in traditional medicine in various places worldwide. A highly common plant from this botanical family is Ruta graveolens L., commonly known as "Rue," "Sudab,".Ruta graveolens plays a wide variety of important roles in plants. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, cardioprotective, and anticarcinogenic properties. This article offers a succinct summary of the most recent breakthroughs in ruta graveolenes research, with the goal of aiding in the recognition of their medicinal characteristics

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive deficits in memory, cognition, and behavioral impairments that ultimately lead to dementia. Two main pathogenic processes contribute to its development: oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Objectives:This study aimed to studythe effects of taraxacume officinallis(TOE)on hippocampus of the Rats and attenuate the symptom of Alzheimer disease induced by AlCl3.Materials and Methods:In this case control research, 48 male albino rats in good health were split equally into six groups. The purpose of the three-month study was to assess how different therapies affected these rats. The experimental setup's specifics are as follows:1. Healthy Control Group: This group was the initial control and was not given any medication.2. AlCl3 Group: Each day, 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 was administered intraperitoneal 3. AlCl3 + Donepezil Group: This group was administered 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 IP daily in additionto 5 mg/kg of oral donepezil. 4. AlCl3 plus 200 mg/kg of TOE Group: The fourth group was administered an oral dose of 200 mg/kg of TOE extract in addition to 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 IP daily.5. AlCl3 + TOE 400 mg/kg Group: The fifth group was administered 400 mg/kg of TOE extract orally daily in addition to 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 IP. 6. AlCl3 + TOE 600 mg/kg Group: The sixth
191group was administered an oral dose of 600 mg/kg of TOE extract daily in addition to 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 IP each day.Neurobehavioral analysis using an eight-arm maze was performed on day 31. Following the behavioral tests,rats were killed and remove their heads, and brain tissue samples were collected and homogenized to obtain tissue supernatant. Biochemical tests were then conducted on these samples to measure the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC).Results:Comparingthe effects of TOEwith the aluminum chloride group, the main results indicate that rats in groups treated at different dosewith TOE,spent less time finding food in the maze. This suggests that TOE effectively decreaseAlzheimer's-like symptoms in rats.Biochemical analysis further revealed that groups 5 and 6, treated with TOEshowed a significant decrease in IL-6 levels and a significant increase in TAOC compared to the AlCl3 group. These findings support the hypothesisthat (TOE) has shown potential anti-Alzheimer-like activity, particularly in reversing Alzheimer's disease symptoms induced by aluminum chloride in male ratsthrough its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.In conclusion, this study experimentally demonstrates that Taraxacum officinaleexhibits potential anti-Alzheimeractivity by mitigating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress

Nasotrachealintubation inherently carries the risk of epistaxis, which can impact patient safety, airway, and the overall surgical procedure. Epistaxis may occur during the intubation, obstructing the anesthetist's view of the vocal cords and complicating the procedure.The aim of this study isevaluatedthe efficacy of prophylactic nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) placement in mitigating the incidence and severity of epistaxis associated with nasotracheal intubation.A randomized controlled trial was designed to include 60 patients undergoing elective oral and maxillofacial surgery requiring nasotracheal intubation. Participants were randomly includedin the intervention group (n=30), receiving prophylactic NPAplacement, or the control group (n=30) without NPA. In the intervention group, a lubricated nasopharyngeal airway was inserted and maintained for two minutes before nasotracheal intubation. The NPAwas removed, and standard nasal intubation with an endotracheal tube was performed. The primary outcome measure was the incidence and severity of epistaxis, assessed at two time points: immediately post-intubation and immediately post-extubation.The incidence of epistaxis after intubation was lower in the NPA group (13.3%)
204compared to the control group (36.6%, p = 0.037). The overall incidence and severity of epistaxis were also lower in the intervention group. Patients in the control group were over 4 times more likely to experience a higher grade of epistaxis compared to those who received nasopharyngeal tubes. In conclusion; pre-lubricated nasopharyngeal airway placement before nasotracheal intubation reduces the incidence and severity of epistaxis. This simple intervention can improve patient safety and optimize airway management during procedures requiring nasotracheal intubation