Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

Modern drama has witnessed a powerful individualistic tendency coming from Italy represented by its significant dramatist Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936). Pirandello’s drama is greatly affected by his personal agony. Nevertheless, his plays represent a new tendency in twentieth century drama that depict the condition of the modern man, or more precisely the inner pain of the modern man. The present study is an attempt to trace the Nobel Winner of Arts (1934) and the author of “the Naked Masks” themes, techniques, and contributions through which he added much not only to Italian drama but also to modern drama in general.

From the beginning of history till now, people have been interested in the study of philosophy. Therefore, there is common acknowledgement of the difficulty in summarizing or presenting one sufficient definition to the term. Yet, in simple clarification, philosophy can be defined as the study of general and essential questions about everything in the world such as existence, religion, literature, and other fields in life. This paper will limit the discussion to the philosophical analysis of a literary work entitled as "The Yellow Wallpaper" written by C. P. Gilman in an existential framework.
Most previous studies on this story had tackled it from the feminist standpoint because it reflects the writer’s madness in rejecting the social oppression of women. This current paper fills the gap in the world of existential philosophy to show that although this story is a short one, it manages to shed light on the existential issues of individuals. To give clarity to this study, the views of a number of philosophers regarding existentialism are taken into consideration. One of them is Sartre who analyzed the story from the humanism perspective along with Kierkegaard and Heidegger. Existentialism is treated as a form of intersubjectivity according to the philosophy of Abbagnano and Merleau-Ponty. Existence is a Reason as asserted by Hegel but of which is rejected by the philosophy of Schelling. Finally, existentialism is connected to nihilism in the philosophy of Nietzsche. The study is later summed up with a conclusion that shows the findings of the research.

The research revolves around the suspicions of the Orientalists about the prophethood of the Messenger Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him peace) and respond to them. Through all the studies that have been conducted in history, it is clear, in an adequate and clear manner, that the emergence of Islam is one of the greatest incidents that ever occurred to humanity, as it changed the human march towards Sublimeness and Exaltedness, so the research was based on defining suspicion linguistically and idiomatically, and then the search dealt with suspicions that revolve around the person of the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) and questioning the date of his birth, his name, his prophecy, and some incidents that took place such as the splitting of the chest, And his seclusion in the Cave of Hira, and their claim to have received his knowledge from the monk Buhaira, as well as the illiteracy of the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace). All these doubts and skepticism were addressed by research and responded to with rational and transmissional evidence from the Qur’an and the purified Sunnah of the Prophet, and among the reasons that prompted me to undertake this research are in It is extremely important to respond to all suspicions and doubts about the sanctity of the greatest Messenger Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him peace).

Not all the writings of Patriarch Shenouda III aimed at social reform, but some were religious and some were historical. The researcher scrutinized these writings and found that they are an integrated social approach due to their guidance, advice, orders, disciplinary rules, values, recommendations, opinions and answers to questions raised during his reign. The Patriarch derived his reformist ideas from the verses of the Bible that he relied on in documenting his books, the situations he experienced in his life, and the sayings of the previous patriarchs and saints. Despite his rather simple style of writing in presenting ideas, it was distinguished by its depth, comprehensiveness, realism, attention to the smallest details of Egyptian society in general and Coptic society in particular, as well as the abundance of preaching and advice in it. The Patriarch presented his ideas in small brochures, some of which the reader could read in one day. This sort of simplified presentation was highly accepted and appreciated by those who did not know how to read and write; especially those who depended on individuals from their families who could provide them with explaining summaries. He devoted some of his books to children and some to serve the church, bishops and monks, and most of them were for the rest of society and the different layers of community. His books carried educational reformist ideas, as well as presenting the problem and providing a solution to it.

The current study aimed to build the standards of the history curriculum for gifted students in Saudi public education, and to codify the matrix of their levels. The study population included two categories: history books in the stages of Saudi public education, and an accessible sample of experts in the disciplines of: history, educational history, giftedness, curriculum evaluation, and measurement and evaluation. The sample consisted of (18) experts.
The study followed the qualitative evaluation strategy, through the enlightenment evaluation model. Two data collection tools were used: the card analyzing the content of history books after verifying the validity and stability of the card, and semi-codified interview questions after verifying the reliability and objectivity values. Quantitative data was analyzed through some calculations, and one of the inferential statistical methods (chi-squared) through the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS).The qualitative data was encoded using Nvivo.
The results of the study revealed a sharp decrease in the degree of availability of history curriculum standards for gifted students in history books in the stages of Saudi public education, as their availability was limited to (9) indicators out of (60) indicators, which is (15%) of the history indicators required in those books. The results showed a lack of integration between the standards of the history curriculum for gifted students in these books, as the chi-squared value of the range matrix and the sequence as a whole was (44), which is a non-statistically significant value at the significance level (α≥0.05).
The study reached the construction of a range and sequence matrix according to the four main levels, namely: establishment, reinforcement, expansion, and focus of the standards of the history curriculum for gifted students, based on the opinions and suggestions of the study sample of experts. The matrix was distributed according to the academic stages of Saudi public education, starting from the foundation level (lower grades) in the primary stage, It is followed by the level of reinforcement (upper grades) in the primary stage, then the level of expansion in the intermediate stage, and finally the level of concentration in the secondary stage. The study presented a number of conclusions in addition to a set of recommendations and proposals related to the results of the study.

This research is concerned with studying the influence of the romantic school in Tahir Zamakhshari’s poetry as one of the most prominent Arab poets who distinguished their poetry with a romantic character.
The manifestations of romanticism were reflected in his poetry through his literary connections with romantic poets and his readings of romantic poetry that was translated into Arabic, and his openness to the dimensions of this poetry and his representation of its meanings, topics, and images.
It was necessary to follow -in short- the factors of the emergence of romanticism and its important schools in Europe and how it moved to Arabic Literature.
The research is divided into four sections revolving around the manifestation of romantic poetry of Tahir Zamakhshari, such as the sense of alienation, the love of nature and the passion of love.
The research devotes a topic to the study of the formation of image in his poetry as a reflection of the importance of imagination in romantic poetry.
The research ends with conclusions and results.

The Mesopotamian civilization is one of the civilizations that strengthens the ties of historical events and shows the close interaction between the surface of the Earth and its natural manifestations, which is the scene of those events in the ancient world. It left us with a rich legacy of science and knowledge through which it reflected the contributions of that person in terms of the development of life in its various aspects. Since the beginning of life, man has attracted the attention of many things that have filled him throughout his life, through which he has tried to realize himself on this earth in order to reap through them the outcome of those knowledge. Among these knowledge is his knowledge of plants and their use in treating diseases. We do not know the beginning of man’s interest in plants in ancient times, but without a doubt, this began from the beginning. When he appeared on the surface of the Earth, the shapes of plants must have tempted him and prompted him to try them, and he discovered that some of them were harmful to him Some of them are edible, so he developed primitive knowledge or experience about plants. Among these plants is the poppy plant, which was known in ancient Iraq, and there was a reference to it that it was grown in the gardens of Babylon during the time of King Marduk-Bladen. The poppy is a herbaceous plant that reaches a height of (50-150 cm). It has lobed leaves and its tissues contain a milky substance. It bears large white or purple terminal flowers, and the fruit is round. The poppy plant has been mentioned in medical texts in a large and clear manner, and the plant is sometimes mentioned as a single treatment, and sometimes mixed with a group of plants.

The Aim Of The Research Is To Uncover The Living Methods In The Sunnah Of The Prophet. And An Explanation Of The Means Of Education In The Prophet’s Sermons And Commandments. Employing Educational Methods In Our Contemporary Reality Is The Bread Of The Prophet. The Inductive Approach Was Used. One Of The Most Prominent Results Of The Research Is The Comprehensiveness Of The Prophet’s Speeches And Commandments, To The Various Categories Of Addressees, Men And Women, Young And Old, Poor And Rich, Sick And Healthy..., And The Nature Of Each Group And The Different Areas Of Its Upbringing. The Close Connection Between The Messenger’s Sermons And Commandments, Addressed To The Nation And The Theoretical Concepts, Principles And Moral Values They Contained, And Their Application In Reality. The Messenger’s Sermons And Commandments Contain Several Elements, The Most Prominent Of Which Are: Eloquence, Clarity, Honesty, Realism, Kindness, And The Character Of The Prophet.

It is expected and quite natural that we find a linguistic waste of the creator, whether a poet or a narrator; Often critics ask the creators of literature for something from linguistic economics. But for literary criticism to turn into a constructive piece full of thoughts and immediate impressions, without sobriety or awareness, this is something worth standing up for and discussing.
Perhaps the saying (that the critic is a failed poet) finds a bit of emphasis in some critical writings; This is because some critics have nothing but language profligacy, and the dressing up of terms coming from the West, and quoting what Western critics have said, so that those who claim to be critical can study it with famous names and terms and enigmatic words, or even superficial words, and then lean on its fame, which has been given to it by the pulpits of media institutions, in order to fool the readers and market its ideas, or the ideas of its sponsor.
I say: When criticism is motivated by fame, it is the ideas of the institution that sponsors it. The research sought to address critics who work for political and authoritarian orders to direct the literary work to a political orientation that is compatible with the discourse of power, so that the talk of the street is the talk of the authority itself.
The research tackled some critical aspects, including some of the big names in cash. Some of them experienced their luck temporarily and then their name disappeared when the incident or period that forced their presence disappeared.
The paper was able to discuss the pattern of critical delusion and the futility of language profligacy, and also to stop, when there are competition critics, improvising commercial criticism, which is an impressionistic criticism without any monetary approach, with the aim of pleasing the sponsor, who spends money on the tight critic.
Here I am putting what I have worked hard to write, and I think it is an unprecedented experience and an area that cultural criticism has not entered into, if I fall into it and get blessed, and if I fail, I will have the honor of trying.
God be with me

The research deals with a group of historical narratives of Imam al-Sadiq in the books of hadith in the Rashidi era, which began since the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the year 11 AH and the receipt of the caliphate by Abu Bakr. The position of Imam Ali and his wife Fatima is the clear feature that distinguished these narrations. At the time of the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab, there were good narrations narrated by Imam al-Sadiq on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather, and about the prominent role of Imam Ali in the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab. The discourse as these narratives dealt with To Imam Al-Hassan and Imam Al-Hussein at the time of the caliphate of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, in addition to some judicial problems that the Caliph used to resort to to Imam Ali on the grounds that Imam Ali was the most righteous of people, and the historical accounts in the time of Caliph Othman bin Affan were few. This was very limited to his problem with the great companion Aba Dhar Al-Ghafari. As for the historical narratives that Imam Ali mentioned, they were many and there is nothing wrong with them that provided us with important information.

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of orientation towards sustainable professional development for teachers of biology at the secondary level. The research was limited to biology teachers at the secondary level who are affiliated with the General Directorate of Al-Qadisiyah Education, and for the academic year 2021-2022. The descriptive research method was adopted, and the size of the research sample was (400) teachers of biology at the secondary level, they were chosen at random. To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers prepared a scale of orientation towards sustainable professional development, which in its final form consisted of (50) items. The validity and constancy of the scale were verified, as the apparent validity of the scale and its logical validity were verified, and the construction validity of the scale was verified through indicators of the discriminatory strength of the scale’s items, and the internal consistency of the scale, which was verified by revealing the relationship between the degree of the items and the total degree of the scale, and the relationship between the degree of the items with the degree of the field to which it belongs, and the relationship between the degree of the field and the total degree of the scale. The constancy of the scale was also extracted by the half-segmentation method, as well as according to the Alpha-Cronbach equation. The data was statistically analyzed and processed, and the t-test was used for one sample. The results showed that the level of orientation towards sustainable professional development was low for biology teachers at the secondary level. In light of the results, the researchers recommended that sustainable professional development programs and methods should meet the actual training needs of teachers, and that teachers participate in planning for them. They also suggested conducting similar studies for the current research in other topics such as chemistry and physics.

The research aims to measure: 1 Measuring the level of cognitive flexibility among students of the Department of Life Sciences, College of Education, Al-Qadisiyah University?
2-Measuring the level of ambition among students of the Department of Life Sciences, College of Education, Al-Qadisiyah University?
3- The relationship between cognitive flexibility and the level of ambition among students of the Department of Life Sciences, College of Education, Al-Qadisiyah University?
To achieve the first objective: the researcher considered a measure of cognitive flexibility, as he adopted the (Al-Qarah Lucy, 2022) scale, which consists of (40) items distributed in two dimensions (adaptive flexibility) by (21) items, (automatic flexibility) by (19) items. "," To verify its apparent validity, it was presented to a group of arbitrators, in the methods of teaching science, measurement and evaluation, the researcher calculated it stability using the (Alpha-Cronbach) coefficient, as it reached (86%), so the scale became ready for application and consists of (40) items distributed on It has two dimensions (adaptive flexibility), (automatic flexibility), and the scale was applied to the main research sample consisting of (150) students who were randomly selected from the research community .
To achieve the second objective: the researcher considered a measure of the level of ambition, as he adopted the scale (Shaaban, 2010) consisting of (28) items distributed on three dimensions (optimism) by (10) items, tolerance of frustration by (9) items, the ability to set and achieve goals By (9) paragraphs, to verify its apparent validity, it was presented to a group of arbitrators, in the methods of teaching science, measurement and evaluation, according to the researcher, the stability using the (alpha-Cronbach) coefficient, as it reached (84%), so the scale became ready for application and consists of (28) A paragraph divided into four dimensions (optimism, frustration tolerance, ability to develop and achieve), and the scale was applied to the main research sample consisting of (150) students who were randomly selected from the research community.
To achieve the third goal: the researcher measured the relationship between the dimensions of cognitive flexibility and the level of ambition among the research sample, which numbered (150) students. , as the t-value corresponding to the correlation coefficient (17.665) was calculated, which is greater than the tabular value (1.98), and it is a function at the level of significance (0.05) and the degree of freedom (148), meaning that the relationship between the dimensions of cognitive flexibility and the level of ambition is a soft and strong relationship. In the light of the results of his research, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including the search for factors that can contribute to maintaining the level of cognitive flexibility and the level of ambition among students of the last university stage, as they are the basic nucleus of society.
The researcher also suggested several proposals, including: - Conducting a study dealing with the level of ambition and its relationship to some variables among biology teachers at the secondary level.