political issues

Policies Developmental in Iraq have resorted to developing plans and programs to
promote foreign investment, which has become an urgent necessity, especially after
2017, as it was the year in which Iraq achieved high indicators of security and
economic stability, and removed the negative view among foreign investors in
establishing their investments in Iraq, which has no longer A source only for providing
capital, today it is considered a source for transferring expertise and advanced
technology in managing various development policies in marketing and production and
stimulating competition, which reflects positively in the long term in achieving the goals
.of Policies Developmental
Keywords :( Policies Developmental, foreign investment, Iraqi economy)

The availability of infrastructure in any country is one of the basic pillars that
contribute to supporting and increasing economic growth and development, as well as
encouraging local and foreign investments, despite the majority of developing
countries seeking to implement development programs and invest their revenues in
the areas of industrial development and infrastructure. But in light of the rapid
development, Iraq tried to catch up with the developed countries, and Iraq deliberately
invested millions of dollars, especially during national development plans during the
last three decades of the twentieth century, whose funding was largely focused on oil
revenues. The almost complete dependence on the oil sector, especially in the public
sector in all its forms, such as infrastructure and service projects and the provision of
ration goods, as well as the monthly salaries of employees, which constitute about
60% of the country’s annual budget, has led to this sector being affected by any
changes that occur in the oil sector. Global oil prices, which generated a large deficit
in its annual budgets, casting a shadow over the overall economic performance.
Therefore, this situation requires developing the energy sector in a coherent,
sustainable, and environmentally friendly way to meet local energy needs, promote
diversified national economic growth, improve the living standards of individuals in
Iraqi society, and create job opportunities, as Iraq needs to rapidly develop
infrastructure in all primary and secondary energy sectors: oil (Upstream and
downstream), natural mysteries, electricity and water. Development must be rapid and
balanced. In all of these sub-sectors, in an interconnected and parallel manner, the
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benefits of the energy sector in Iraq will not be possible and feasible until the modern
infrastructure for all of these sub-sectors is established, in a way that leads to
achieving enormous gains. On the other hand, failure to achieve this interconnection
between these sectors leads to wasting time, resources and opportunities. Hence, to
achieve the ambitious short- and long-term infrastructure plan, the Iraqi energy sector
needs increased attention and focus on Iraq’s abundant resources through
coordinated development programs managed by specialized institutions and
appropriate strategies to confront challenges through future visions and strategies.

Abstract:

It was not assumed that things would happen in this way, after three years since the withdrawal of American forces from Iraq, the political authority in Iraq in 2014 pays the price of misconceptions in the human security and military.

A tremendous amount of oppression, bloodshed, and war that crosses the Iraqi borders to include the governorates, all the way to the parties of the capital, Baghdad Start everything easy after the withdrawal of the US end of December forces, the first of 2011 to inaugurate a new phase of the history of Iraq's political, security and economic, developments that took place the emergence of the "ISIS" in Syria and the situation in Iraq the Middle East region as a whole on the political, security, military and economic stake, including his campaign this The stage of challenges to Iraq as a country and to the region as a whole, but to put the Iraqi military security system in a new test, as that system failed to fall the Iraqi governorates in the hands of the terrorist organization My Declaration of Mosul, the Caliphate State, which put the Iraqi government in serious trouble, as it proved that the US withdrawal was not an easy task after becoming its presence is not welcome at the internal level, both at the level of government and the people. The important question that arises here is: What is the future of the US military presence in Iraq after 2019? In order to answer this question, we divided the study into three main axes, as the first deals with: the rise of ISIS and the internal confrontation strategy. It deals with the second axis: the American withdrawal from Iraq in 2011 and the restoration of its existence in 2014. While it deals with the third axis: the US military presence (options and possibilities). The study ends with conclusions about the future of the US military presence in Iraq after 2019.

_The distinguished "geographical location of Iraq" in the region has made it one of

the important stations in the world, due to its potential in energy resources, especially

"oil," and large reserves exceeding (145) billion barrels, thus ranking it fifth in the world, and in view of its importance. These resources constitute the mainstay of life's needs. The major economic powers headed towards Iraq to acquire the largest possible amount of Iraqi oil, including China, which is a global economic power and the main market for the world's economies. Therefore, China worked to establish a foothold in Iraq. By establishing good relations at the diplomatic, economic, technical and scientific levels, especially since 2003, in addition to its actual relations dating back to the middle of the twentieth century with Iraq, it nevertheless set a distinct path in its relations with Iraq, which led to a strategic partnership between the two countries since The year 2015, until Iraq later became the oil station that supplies China with large proportions of its oil needs, which made Iraq have a central energy position in the

Chinese strategic perception.

ABSTRACT

National development strategies in Iraq pose significant challenges amidst economic, political, and social upheavals plaguing the country. Iraq finds itself at a pivotal juncture in its history, grappling with issues such as political instability, rampant corruption, administrative inefficiency, crumbling infrastructure, security threats, and social unrest. Nevertheless, amidst these challenges lie ample opportunities for achieving national development. Effective strategies that comprehensively and sustainably address these obstacles can unlock the nation's potential. By strategically tackling existing barriers and leveraging available resources—including natural endowments, the agricultural and economic sectors, and foreign investments-Iraq can chart a path towards progress. Realizing sustainable development necessitates robust collaboration between the government, civil society organizations, and the private sector. Through integrated efforts, these stakeholders can surmount challenges and capitalize on opportunities to foster growth and prosperity nationwide.

Keywords: sustainable development, national development, challenges, political stability, national strategy.

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The concept of public policies has been linked to multiple aspects, including
educational, population, and climate policy. Public policy, no matter how different its
connection, refers to the organized thinking of the behaviour and actions of programs
of the state, organization, or individuals towards achieving the goals of society.
Therefore, as far as our topic is concerned, there must be a population policy, as This
policy represents legislative measures and administrative programs to influence
population growth trends, especially births, deaths and migration. The phenomenon
of climate change is also considered one of the topics threatening internal stability and
thus affects international stability and peace because it is linked to self-security in
addition to the strong security of any country because of its impact on individuals and
society. This extends beyond international security in the event of environmental
disasters .
As for educational policy, it represents a package of legislation and controls that
organize educational work and determine the course of the educational process to
achieve a new vision for its children that adapts to the data of scientific progress.
Therefore, it received great attention from the leaders of countries and their societies
due to the countries’ awareness that education is the key to progress and
advancement for societies, and it represents the best way to build human resource .
Iraq, public policies, educational policy, population growth.

t
The concept of public policies has been linked to multiple aspects, including
educational, population, and climate policy. Public policy, no matter how different its
connection, refers to the organized thinking of the behaviour and actions of programs
of the state, organization, or individuals towards achieving the goals of society.
Therefore, as far as our topic is concerned, there must be a population policy, as This
policy represents legislative measures and administrative programs to influence
population growth trends, especially births, deaths and migration. The phenomenon
of climate change is also considered one of the topics threatening internal stability and
thus affects international stability and peace because it is linked to self-security in
addition to the strong security of any country because of its impact on individuals and
society. This extends beyond international security in the event of environmental
disasters .
As for educational policy, it represents a package of legislation and controls that
organize educational work and determine the course of the educational process to
achieve a new vision for its children that adapts to the data of scientific progress.
Therefore, it received great attention from the leaders of countries and their societies
due to the countries’ awareness that education is the key to progress and
advancement for societies, and it represents the best way to build human resource .
Iraq, public policies, educational policy, population growth.

The role of educational institutions in achieving sustainable development goals.
Summary
The research works to identify the role of educational and pedagogical institutions
in the process of sustainable development, as education is considered the basic pillar
in building the community workforce in production, and how to plan inputs concerned
with the public good and keep pace with the developments taking place in our world
today through the use of modern technologies in the fields of education and work, and
there is a close relationship. Between the developmental and educational reality, as it
is not possible to advance any sector of life without building an efficient educational
system that can keep pace with modern technology, especially in the educational field.