Engineering and Technology Journal

The Research Cares With Examining The Nature Of The Architectural Image That Resulting From Contemporary Local Architecture Practice, After Becoming ICT And In Particular (The Internet) Is A Major Source Of The Information Required In Solving Design Problems. The Research Begins Interpretation Of The Origin Of The Design Problem, It Is The Existence Of A Human Need Updated Due To Man's Relationship To Its Environment And Other Individuals Within The Same Temporal And Spatial Environment, The Human Thought As (A Process Mentality To Present Information In Order To Reach The Desired), Represent The Basic Machine In The Production Of Architectural Form. Based On An Pilot Study Conducted By The Researchers, Were Identifier's Dialectical Image Prevalent In Contemporary Analogy, For The Production Of Local Architectural Forms, That Reflect The Demands Of Contemporary Identities, And Here Figured The Research Problem Of As (There Is No Clear Perception Of A Model For The Image Of The Controversy In The Local Thought After The Entry Of Information And Communication Technology As A Main Source Of Architectural Information). The Research Study The Domestic Practices In Order To Establish The First Model To That Image And Then Review The Information Contemporary Studies In Order To Determine The New Image Parameters And Install The Findings And Conclusions, Which Represents The Addition Of Contemporary Local Architectural Knowledge.

The creative thinking in architecture one of the important concepts, especially since the late twentieth century to increase calls for the investment skills in the growth patterns of various creative thinking affecting the architectural production, and through the normal growing according to the processes of education and training, towards a single programs that contribute to the development of the skills of creative thinking for architect that can be applied and clarified its effectiveness on the academic level in response to global and local trends , which calls for the need to address development at the level of creative thinking programs, so research aims to give a clear image about the impact of the use of scamper program in patterns of development creative thinking for students of architecture. The sample of the research [60] students of the third phase in the Department of Architecture [University of Technology] [2014-2015] for two groups [the control group and the experimental group] and has been a special test designed to measure the degree of development of creative thinking skills for architects, and the results showed the existence of differences with Statistically significant for members of the experimental group in the development of the skills and capabilities of creative thinking, and that was no have scope for all to the development of the patterns of thinking creative within steps of this program within one level, there are subjective obstacles and external allow dispersion in levels of development. This Search recommends the organization of training courses for designers to use scamper program in the design work

The research deals with monument buildings in the city, as important urban landmarks of interest to many researchers in different fields of knowledge. These buildings take multiple forms and characteristics from one place to another, especially in the contemporary period witnessed radical and surprise changes at the level of form, function, meanings and local connectivity. Etc. In addition, the wide gap between what these characteristics in the international contexts and the Arabic cities. This led the research to review previous studies and literatures in different research directions. The research based on main hypothesis “the contextual and architectural properties of local contemporary monument buildings consist from a variety of effective vocabulary and variables that achieve monumental characteristic" .A group of buildings in Al-Najaf within specific criteria was elected to prove the hypothesis, using analysis method for the vocabulary concluded from theoretical framework.
The research has reached to prove the monumental characteristic of these buildings within its context for the conformity with the basic vocabulary of contemporary monument buildings architectural properties plus the contextual characteristics whether match was fully or partially. The search revealed a similarity in the contextual characteristics of these buildings between local and international city. While a high contrast in architectural characteristics appeared, because of differences in intellectual, social and economic level, which influence the receptivity of influencing contemporary globalization cultures directly on these properties.

The concept of green structures rises as a contemporary, eco - friendly approach to organize the relation between landscape resources, and their surroundings. The integration of green structures with the built environment is essential to activate its role in facing the different challenges of city centers by achieving ecological balance and offering opportunities to promote sustainable development of places and communities. The role of connectivity arises as one of the principles to ensure an integrated system of ecological areas and activate the potentials of green structures. This research aims to define the connectivity as one of the basic principles to achieve integration of green structures. The research concluded that the connectivity of green structures would be on two levels. Physical; which is related to the strategic spatial planning to find an integrated network for movement, to reach the second level, functional connectivity; which is related to the ecological process of connectivity and responses, these two types of connectivity anticipate in activating the potential green structures and create a responsive environment, adapted to the climate changes.

The previous knowledge consider architectural form as a text like language texts, which sending messages holds meanings through codes that reflects a set of shapes and relations to the receiver. So that the architecture consider as a communicating and expressing language (Visual Text). Therefor it need to analyze corresponding characteristics which represent common bases combine the styles. In addition, deriving the differences that classify and characterize the architecture according to a certain type or style, or with a specific designer. This research assume that clarifying similarities and the differences in shape could be by (Genetic Tape) ,which is give person as well as architecture their identity . This enhanced by the technological development which offers the possibility of recognizing any product through its barcode, that holds all the information of the product and how to invest this in architecture. The range of building that require applying this mechanism are extensive, but the most needed building that requires an extra focusing is the ones that carries value of cultural heritage ,
All above showing the need for specialized scientific study to illustrate the possibility of finding genetic tapes for building’s characteristics that helps to classify and explain the variation. The research problem as stipulated (the role of encoding process in determining the genetic tape for historical building). Thus the goal of this study is identified as (determining the characteristics of historic buildings and categorized it using genetic tapes). Furthermore, to solve the research problem it needed a method consist of three stages, first establish a comprehensive conceptual framework regards the genetic tape outside the field of architecture and the potential possibilities of employing it in architecture, in addition to clarifying the encoding process , second stage illustrate the conducting study and the selected sample ( the selected samples were eight Islamic palaces , four of them belong to the Umayyad era , and the others to the Abbasid period ), then identifying the style and method of measurement and analyzing , finally analyzing the selected samples , showing the results , conclusions and recommendations .

The urban crowding is one concepts that accompanied the population increasing in the world today, the importance of this concept has emerged at the present time because of the economic and social conditions experienced by the communities, this concept indicates to social phenomenon depends on the number of occupants for a particular place, the size of that place and basic feature of the concept is the Social interaction.
Global and local urban studies addressed the concept of urban crowding, the discussion of these studies has produce identify knowledge and scientific gaps, and represented the problem of research, which focused on lack aspects of previous studies, related to the lack of clear and comprehensive vision to description the urban crowding and its multiple aspects in general , and studying this concept in Iraqi cities in particular, Thus determining the aim of the research to introduced more adequacy and clarity of vision based on the descriptive and analytical methodology by defining the concept of urban crowding, down to the extraction of the basic vocabulary of the theoretical framework and to benefit from the aspects and definitions presented earlier, then applicant vocabularies on one of residential areas in Baghdad city (zayona area), down to determine the conclusions and recommendations

This research takes one of the important aspects that expose with cities in general and specially Kufa city, this aspect is the urban growth .Which come as results to the social, economic and political factors that may take place in any city. The variety of these effects made a different in the morphological types and the spatial relations to the city, and so the city will expand and growth randomly or planned .Also the varieties of so many researches and studies lead to give a plurality in the related aspects and characteristics in the field of urban studies .In this way we see the research approach to present a specialized study about the urban growth in general, types, levels and the effective factors, so emerged the research problem in : the Existence of limited knowledge in taking the effect of the mosque in the growth and distribution of the urban land use. to achieve its goal and solve the research problem ,the main hypothesis is: The Kufa mosque effects on the growth and distribution of the urban land use on the level of spatial and formal relations.
To improve the hypothesis we select vocabulary from the theoretical frame on by comprised analysis on three temporal samples to find their influence.
This research has been reach to the fact that Kufa mosque is effecting on the growth and distributions of the urban land use from a group of spatial relations represented in ( the competition, integration) , this take to increase the competition between the uses ,values, types ,positions, destinations and finally the inside value motion.

The creeds contribute to the cultural integration of society, because it has the ability to direct human towards a particular goal. The creeds as a system contains a set of the thoughts and values that have an interdependent relationships by certainty.
For the purpose of identifying the Islamic faith systems have been extrapolated five Islamic philosophical schools, to get to the system used in the formation. The correlation in Islamic faith systems represents by two circle. The first means how to get to know the true faith and the second means how to connect these faith to the people. The research problem is (find comprehensive framework for formation system of Islamic architecture like the formation of Islamic faith systems in the philosophical schools). It was adopted Analysis and installation method between the system formation creed philosophically and the thrust of the Islamic faith on the one hand and between multiple vocabulary of architecture constitute about Islamic architecture in a series of studies on the other.
It Has been reached that the formation of the Islamic architecture starts from different Beginnings bounded by sharia (Quran and Sunnah) and outside the limit does not call it Islamic architecture .this process should be fine in two area: Arthroscopy and applied, and the link between them is the acknowledgment area, which accounted for architecture achieved by Ethical Function . The Human is the axis in all these formation process as it represents thought in theoretical side and is working in the practical side and represents a target in the region bond between them.

The neighborhood concept developed through time as a result for development changes in urban life and socio_tecnlogy changes. Certainly these concept when apply it on cities, causing direct effect on urban life and urban form. Then, If we are use this concept, as an abstract meaning, without modifying, it causing bad effect on urban life. Therefore, we need to accommodate the neighborhood concept to environment and social life to can create active city with urban form, and urban community.
The research try to clarify circumstance of creating neighborhood, and it is development stages, to reach to investigate on what neighborhood shape useful to our environment. The important of research, when it finding basics for planners to drawing active neighborhoods. Supposing the concept of neighborhood is one of important principals in urban planning.

This research deals with the hybrid shopping centers which binding and accumulating the indoor by the outdoor in the Arabian Islamic culture and environment, hopes to get back these kind of building type by the inspiration of the designing, esthetics, functioning, and environmental aspects in the Islamic culture and Arabian environment.
In the conclusion, the results of studying other related researches is the research problem, which is: (the absence of the relationship operation between indoor and outdoor spaces, and its role in the enhancing of commercial buildings).
The research aim is: (doing the integration between the indoor and the outdoor which is leading to enhance the commercial buildings in the Islamic and Arabian environment by dealing with the esthetics, environmental, functioning, and entertaining aspects).
For that, the research depends on four major vocabularies gathered from the review and studying of a related studies. The first one is (composing the separation boarder), it's involved to study how this separation boarder (between the indoor and
the outdoor) composing. The second vocabulary (the impact of composing the separation boarder)
explores about how the impact each separation boarder kinds in the relationship between the indoors and outdoors spaces, and between the person themselves.
The third vocabulary (separation boarder kinds) studies the kinds of these separation boarders. The last one ( the attractive outdoors) concentrates on how to attract shoppers toward the outdoors depending on the out itself.
At the end, the research concluded many results, such as: the separation boarder is like a fine art panel border (the panel refers to the outdoors), this border may at the first seen means nothing but it contributes to present this panel, displays its beauty, and attract the audience.

Cognitively, the denial of reliable scientific Divine resources beyond rationalism and empiricism had stimulate a deep unjustified hostility shown by positivist science curricula against Divine's. This research aims to stimulate architecture to benefit from Divine sources of science and knowledge. The research hypothesis is that by establishing a precise predictive mathematical model through Islamic sources of knowledge, we will prove the superior scientific being beyond rationalism and empiricism, and prove the invalidity of the idea of emptiness outside rationalism and empiricism. The researcher is theorizing for his new architecture, (IRAQITECTURE) which adopts this principle, based on architecture's flexibility to take advantage of the various sources of knowledge.
The researcher discovers: 1. the Ф2 relation in Mecca; If the distance between Ka'aba and mountain Safa=one, then the distance between the two Mountains of "Safa and Marwa"=Ф2, no matter which parameter was used. Then we had the new ultimate golden series, which I called "Mecca Sequences". 2. The researcher discovers The Only Golden series for the verses of the Holy Qur'an. 3. The researcher discovers that the total of all golden related sequenced numbers of the verses of the Holy Qur'an= total number of the verses multiplied by Ф2. 4. That what made it possible for the researcher to generalize the new mathematical model : Any Number (X) divided on Ф an infinity times, then the total of all golden related sequenced numbers = (X) multiplied by Ф2. 5. Then the researcher discovers the uses of that new equation to build much accurate predictive models. The numbers and percentages minute cannot match arbitrary unless the God who put Ka'aba for people and sent down the Qur'an and creates the golden ratio is one God, there is no god but He

Cities are complex systems, have always faced risks, and many cities that have existed for centuries have demonstrated their resilience in the face of resource shortages, natural hazards, conflicts and Wars.
This paper studies the concept of Resilient City and Effect of the resilient urban form on the resilience of city, where urban morphology plays a fundamental role in the resilience of the whole urban system. The problem of the research is identified in the absence of an integrated theoretical framework about a resilience attributes of urban form which Effect on the resilience of city.
The research addresses the problem by identifying a fundamental goal represented in revealing an integrated theoretical framework about the resilience attributes of urban form which effect on the resilience of city.
To achieve this goal it took the building of the theoretical framework, in the light of which we put forward the hypothesis of the research that reads: The urban form which accommodating of polycentric modular, positively influences a city‟s capacity to respond quickly and effectively to disturbances and Crisis cases.
The research, then, sought to test the validity of this hypothesis on Al-Rusafa Historical Center by using Space syntax approaches and draw conclusions the most important of it is that the failure of modular center does not lead to the failure of whole spatial system is an indication of the resilience urban system.