Journal of Engineering

In the present study, the effect of new cross-section fin geometries on overall thermal/fluid performance had been investigated. The cross-section included the base original geometry of (triangular, square, circular, and elliptical pin fins) by adding exterior extra fins along the sides of the origin fins. The present extra fins include rectangular extra fin of 2 mm (height) and 4 mm (width) and triangular extra fin of 2 mm (base) 4 mm (height). The use of entropy generation minimization method (EGM) allows the combined effect of thermal resistance and pressure drop to be assessed through the simultaneous interaction with the heat sink. A general dimensionless expression for the entropy generation rate is obtained by considering a control volume around the pin fin including a base plate and applying the conservations equations of mass and energy with the entropy balance. The dimensionless numbers used includes the aspect ratio (ε), Reynolds number (Re), Nusselt number (Nu), and the drag coefficients (CD). Fourteen different cross-section fin geometries are examined for the heat transfer, fluid friction, and the minimum entropy generation rate. The results showed that the Nusselt number increases with increasing the Reynolds number for all employed models. The ellipse models (ET and ER-models) give the highest value in the Nusselt number as compared with the classical pin fins. The fin of the square geometry with four rectangular extra fins (SR-models) gives an agreement in Nusselt number as compared with the previous study.

The study investigates the efficiency of different absorber plate geometries in dual channel solar air collectors. Five types of solar air collectors were tested: conventional channel with a smooth absorber plate, dual channel with a smooth absorber plate, dual channel with perforating “V” corrugated absorber plate, dual channel with internal attached wire mesh, and dual channel with absorber sheet of transparent honeycomb. The results showed that the dual channel with perforating “V” corrugated absorber plate had the highest thermal efficiency (72.2%) compared to the other models. The exergy analysis revealed that the dual channel with perforating “V” corrugated absorber plate also had the greatest exergetic efficiency.

This paper studies the influence of temperature on the corrosion rate of coated AA6111 aluminum alloy used in vehicle bodies under static and vibration states. The vibration test system was collected laboratory and used for testing of five different types of paints (EASI, Numix, Lesonal, DENSO and Polaron paints) in the 5 % NaCl solution using immersion test method. Lesonal paint provided the best corrosion protection, while DENSO paints show large values of corrosion rate, other coatings exhibit moderate values. Model of paints corrosion was developed to characterize the corrosion processes occur at the surfaces. It is found that corrosion rate obtained at vibration cases is larger than static cases and vibration effect on the coating protection rate.

The present study addresses adopting the organic and nutritious materials in dairy wastewater as media for cultivation of microalgae, which represent an important source of renewable energy. This study was carried out through cultivation of three types of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Synechococcus, and Anabaena. The results show the success of the cultivation of Synechococcus and Chlorella sp., while the Anabaena microalgae were in low-growth level. The highest growth was in the Synechococcus farm, followed by Chlorella and Anabaena. However, the growth of Synechococcus required 10 days to achieve this increase, representing a negative indicator of the adoption of this type of microalgae in this media to meet the desired aims. Chlorella needs less than two days to start growing. Moreover, the data obtained from the experiment show that removal of chemical oxygen demand in Chlorella cultures was 72% more than that obtained from cultivation of other microalgae. Thus, this microalgae is more efficient in wastewater treatment than other types.

The aim of the present research is to investigate the effecting of pH parameter on the feasibility of lead removal from simulated wastewater using an electrochemical system. Electrocoagulation method is one of electrochemical technology which is used widely to treat industrial wastewater. Parameters affecting this operation, such as initial metal concentration, applied current, stirrer speed, and contact time of electroprocessing were taken as 155ppm, 1.5 Ampere, 150 rpm, 60 minutes respectively. While pH of the simulated wastewater was in the range of 2 to 12 in the experiments. It was found from the results that pH is an important parameter affecting lead removal operation. The best value of pH parameter is approximately (9.50) that gave higher removal efficiency larger than (99%).

CO2 gas is considered one of the unfavorable gases and it causes great air pollution. It’s possible to decrease this pollution by injecting gas in the oil reservoirs to provide a good miscibility and to increase the oil recovery factor. MMP was estimated by Peng Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS). South Rumila-63 (SULIAY) is involved for which the miscible displacement by is achievable based on the standard criteria for success EOR processes. A PVT report was available for the reservoir under study. It contains differential liberation (DL) and constant composition expansion (CCE) tests. PVTi software is one of the (Eclipse V.2010) software’s packages, it has been used to achieve the goal. Many trials have been done to match the data of DL test by tuning some of the PR-EOS parameters through the regression analysis process, but no acceptable match was obtained especially for saturation pressure. However; splitting the mole fraction of (C6+) to many pseudo components was carried out, and then a regression analysis process was made again to improve the matching by tuning some of the PR-EOS parameters. A good estimate of saturation pressure and a good match of PVT properties was noted. Ternary diagram has been constructed to represent the phase behavior of -Oil and to calculate MMP for the South Rumila-63 (SULIAY) oil well.

This paper presents a novel approach for estimating the angle of arrival (AOA) of wideband signals using Sensor Delay Line (SDL) and Tapped Delay Line (TDL) processors. The proposed method leverages the advantages of both SDL and TDL to improve the accuracy and efficiency of AOA estimation. The performance of the method is evaluated through simulations and experimental results, demonstrating its effectiveness in various scenarios. The results show that the proposed method can achieve high accuracy in AOA estimation, making it suitable for applications in wireless communication and signal processing.

In this paper, the time-history responses of a square plan two-story reinforced concrete prototype building, considering the elastic and inelastic behavior of the materials, were studied numerically. ABAQUS software was used in three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear dynamic analysis to predict the inelastic response of the buildings. Concrete Damage Plasticity Model (CDPM) has been used to model the inelastic behavior of the reinforced concrete building under seismic excitation. The input data included geometric information, material properties, and the ground motion. The building structure was designed only for gravity load according to ACI 318 with non-seismically detailing requirements. The prototype building was subjected to El Centro 1940 NS earthquake at different amplitudes (PGA=0.05g, PGA=0.15g, and PGA=0.32g). The elastic and inelastic responses of the 3D numerical model of the same building were evaluated. The differences between the elastic and inelastic displacements and base shear forces were analyzed. It was found from the results that base shear responses are significantly more sensitive to the numerical model of analysis than displacement responses. The evaluation showed that the base shear force and displacement responses of a two-story R.C. building subjected to severe earthquake excitation are very sensitive to the numerical model used whether it is elastic or inelastic.

Ease of transfer between different modes of public transportation within the stations is a significant contribution to the movement that can be provided by transportation industries to develop solutions of integrated transportation. It is future integrated multimodal transportation, to make public transportation more enjoyable and interesting, in addition to passenger transportation and future movement of goods are also depend on multimodal transportation. The importance of interchange promotion between multimodal as a basic feature of passengers buildings in modern Railway Stations the Research problem: "considered about the gap of knowledge in the integrated of railway stations within intermodal transportation system in order to operate these stations efficiently, functionally, environmentally and socially". The importance of this research is: the role of integrated multimodal transportation stations and the extent integration functional, environmentally and operationally, where this integration plays a major role by giving the expressionistic and Iconic. The hypothesis formulated from this problem is: the integrated railway stations are huge and multi-facilities of activities which works such a cities by one-system consists of the several systems integrated with each other in planning and a design that making integrated this building with other transportation stations as Intermodal Transportation systems within operation systems in planning and design levels, and positive action with environment functionally and operationally.

The contemporary ideas were characterized by the abundance and diversity of their knowledge, human and conceptual production, the strategy is both a general and a detailed framework covering all design disciplines both inside and outside the field of architecture. From here, many of these terraces emerged from fields outside the field of architecture, but soon moved to form an important nerve within the field of architecture. Hence the need to define a more comprehensive framework for studying one of the concepts that can frame the framework, namely the concept of "Alliteration", and its adoption as an architectural design strategy aimed at giving the resulting form a feature of rhetoric. So the research highlighted the "scientific need to clarify knowledge about the concept of alliteration as a strategy in the design process". The aim of the research is to "clarify the knowledge about the concept of alliteration as a strategy in the design process and to reveal its mechanisms through which it can reach a contemporary architectural form characterized by rhetoric. The research approach represents several procedures to achieve the goal of research and solving the problem of research through the construction of a theoretical framework and the development of the main and secondary vocabulary after the introduction of previous cognitive studies to the selection of samples for application, then discuss, analyze the results and conclusions. Which explained that the strategy of the alliteration enables the reading of the text of the architect within the objectives of both the designer and the recipient of the product, by combining similar systems in form and content, and the integration of properties, reducing the number of words and expand their participation of recipients as a result of reliance on subjective references within the field of architecture.