AL-Yarmouk Journal

The current research aims to find out the level of psychological rebellion among middle school students and
to identify the differences between males and females at the level of rebellion and the sample consisted of
(300) students for the year, and the rebellion scale was applied to the members of the sample, the psychological
rebellion scale was chosen for (Merz), which was Arabized by (Prof. Dr. Yasra Abu Hadros, 2010), and the
scale consisted of (18) paragraphs and quadruple gradation (strongly agree, agree, opposed, strongly opposed)
and degrees respectively (1,2,3,4 ), and was addressed The results through the use of the T-test for two
independent samples and comparing the values achieved from the arithmetic media with the hypothetical level
of (45), and it was concluded that middle school students have a high level of psychological rebellion after
comparing the calculated T value with the tabular value as well as the results indicated that there are no
statistically significant differences between the sexes and thus make sure that there is no difference between
the sexes with regard to the level of psychological rebellion

the introduction
The subject of compatibility occupies a great deal of importance in studies and research in the life of the
individual, especially the educated and teachers in particular. It is widely used in education, as there are
studies that emphasized the importance of compatibility in increasing good achievement, and concluded that
there is a fundamental relationship between psychological adjustment and academic achievement

The present research aims identify the effect of posse strategy in acquiring the historical concepts of the sixth
grade pupils in social studies. The researcher developed a null hypothesis that was submit to experimentation.
The sample has included (80) pupils selected intentionally divided into two groups with( 40) pupils for each
group.the equivalence has made for both study groups in a number of variables by researcher.the researcher
prepared a measure of acquire historical concepts consisting of (44) items .the reliability of the test using the
equation Cronbachs alpha. The coefficient of reliability was( 0,81) .this indicated that the test scores were
acceptable ,and the test as a whole was reliable.After the treatment of the research,the results of analyses indicate
that there is no statisticallt significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group, which is
taught who studies social sciences and average scores of the control group that is taught which studies the same
subject in the traditional way in acquiring historical concepts Depending on the conclusions and findings of the
present research, the researcher suggested the same research can be conducted at the other classes, levels and
training teachers for using it and how to teach pupils because of its importance in achieveing pedagogical goals
especially and educational goals in general.

The current research aims to find out: (The effect of the Robin table strategy on the literary achievement of
fifth grade students in the subject of Modern and Contemporary History of Europe and America). To achieve
the goal of the research, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis
1. There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of
the experimental group students who are studying the modern and contemporary history of Europe and America
according to the round-robin strategy and the average scores of the control group students who are studying
the same subject according to the normal method in the test. Post-achievement
The current research population consists of students in the fifth literary grade who study in the governmental
middle and secondary day schools for boys affiliated with the General Directorate of Education of Diyala
Governorate, Baqubah District District, which number (12) schools. The researcher intentionally chose Diyala
Preparatory School as a sample for the current research because he is a teacher in this school and the school
was It includes two sections, and section (A) was randomly chosen to represent the experimental group and
section (B) to represent the control group. The research sample was (66) students, with (32) students for the
experimental group and (34) students for the control group The researcher rewarded the students of the two
research groups with several variables, including (intelligence test scores, previous year’s scores in the History
of Arab-Islamic Civilization subject for the academic year (2021-2022 AD), chronological age calculated in
months, fathers’ academic achievement, and mothers’ academic achievement The researcher used an
experimental design with partial control for the research. The researcher identified the scientific material
included, which is the last three chapters of the book The Modern and Contemporary History of Europe and
America. Then the researcher formulated (93) behavioral objectives according to the first four levels of
Bloom’s levels for the cognitive field, which are (knowledge, understanding, and application). He also prepared
(30) teaching plans, with (15) plans for the experimental group according to the round-robin strategy and (15)
plans for the control group according to the usual method. As for the research tool, the researcher prepared an
objective achievement test of the multiple-choice type, which amounted to (27) items, and the essay questions
amounted to (5) items, so that the test consisted of (32) items according to Bloom’s levels. To verify the validity
of the post-test, the achievement test items were presented to a group of experts. The researcher also prepared
a table of specifications to ensure fair distribution of the test items and behavioral objectives over the content
of the material included in the experiment. Thus, the validity of the content was verified and the psychometric
characteristics of the test were extracted, which are (difficulty coefficient, power of discrimination, and
effectiveness of false alternatives). The coefficient was also calculated. The stability of the test according to
Coward-Richardson Equation 20). The researcher also used a number of statistical methods in analyzing the
results and data, including (the T-test for two independent samples, the Chi-square, the difficulty equation, the
power of discrimination, and the effectiveness of false alternatives), and after analyzing the results statistically,
it showed Results: The students of the experimental group who studied according to the round-robin strategy
outperformed the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the postachievement test In light of the research results, the researcher concluded several conclusions, including:
1.The study contributed by providing some suggestions to educators in general and to those specializing in the
field of history in particular regarding employing effective teaching strategies.
Accordingly, the researcher made several recommendations, including

The contract in itself cannot be a source of criminalization and punishment, but the penal legislator may
estimate the danger of breaching some contracts concluded by the administration in view of the negative
effects that result on the administration itself and on the citizens who benefit from the service or commodity
that is the subject of the contract. The principle is that the government contract is subject to the general rules
that regulate contracting affairs. Accordingly, the administration may not consider certain acts as crimes,
regardless of the gravity of the violation committed by its contracting party. The Penal Code is unique in that
it has quite a few penal texts that include defining the types of crimes related to government contracts
concluded by government entities, whether these texts are in the Penal Code or in private
laws.

Plastic surgery operations are distinguished from other surgeries, as performing such operations is complete
and not necessary in most cases for the continuation of life. Other surgeries And through the development of
the rules of medical liability and with the stability of the principles of penal and civil liability, it became
possible to hold the plastic surgery doctor accountable for intentional and unintentional errors that cause harm,
and after development also the plastic surgeon became responsible for mere negligence, as the difference is
not only in the field of medical work, but also in the field legal too.The rules of responsibility differ as well,
and there are controls to protect the patient according to the law, especially in cases where the doctor commits
mistakes that may cause a patient’s disability that is difficult to recover, or may lead to an end to his life,
which necessitates the establishment of criminal resp

“The Catcher in the Rye" is a bildungsroman, or a coming-of-age novel, written by J.D. Salinger. It was initially
released in serial form between 1945 and 1946 before being compiled and published as a novel in 1951. It is a
complex and controversial novel that has been praised for its honest and insightful portrayal of adolescence. It
has also been criticized for its language and its negative portrayal of adults. However, the novel remains a
classic of American literature and continues to be read and enjoyed by people of all ages.Holden Caulfield, a
native New Yorker, is the central character and narrator of “The Catcher in the Rye”. At just sixteen years old,
he possesses keen intelligence and acute perception, yet grapples with profound inner turmoil. The novel
follows Holden as he wanders around New York City for three days after being expelled from his boarding
school. During this time, he reflects on his life and the world around him, often cynically and critically. He
vehemently criticizes "phoniness" the insincerity he perceives in the world of adults and yearns for a bygone
era of simplicity and innocence.He leaves his Pennsylvania prep school in a manner that avoids adult
interpretation and spends three days beneath the surface of New York City. Drawing definitive conclusions
about him or his story is challenging due to his mixture of simplicity and complexity. What can be confidently
stated about Holden is that he entered a world where he was almost fatally drawn to beauty, not just greatly
fascinated by it.The novel encompasses the voices of children, adults, and those existing in the underground,
yet Holden's voice emerges as the most potent. He unleashes a beautifully articulated expression that combines
both sorrow and elation, rising above his everyday language while remaining remarkably faithful to it. He does,
however, reserve most of the suffering for himself, much like the majority of lovers, clowns, and poets of the
upper levels. He offers or puts aside his pleasure wholeheartedly. The reader who can handle it can retain it if
they choose. He visits his younger sister, Phoebe, at her boarding school. He tells her that he wants to be the
"catcher in the rye,") Salinger,1) a metaphor for someone who saves children from falling off the edge of a
cliff. This represents Holden's desire to protect children from the harsh realities of the adult world.