Journal Of Wassit For Science & Medicine

In this work agold nanoparticles solutions hasbeen irradiated by laser beam.The gold nanoparticles are preparedby using potassium bitarateas a reducing agent and Polyethylene glycol as a dispersionfactor. The particles size of prepared solutions between 50-100 nanometers. Colloidal gold nanoparticles are irradiate with laser diode at period 5 and 10 minutes then the comparisons between twosolutions with and without irradiation was done.The resultsare obtainedby measuring the absorbance andusing a spectrophotometer for the both solutions beforeand after irradiation. The result shows the differences between the spectrum of nanoparticles at ordinary state and spectrum of nanoparticles irradiated with laser beam. It's clear that the resolution is increase whenthe time of radiation is increasing. When spectrophotometerstesting aredone, wecan note that there arebroadening inthe beginning of the spectrum of nanoparticles and increasing when time of exposure of laser beam is increasing

Nanocomposites play a significant role in one of the most promising technologies, known as nanotechnology. Nanocarbon polymers provide enormous possibilities to human civilization. Activated carbons have been used since the prehistoric age and have been playing major roles in many applications industrial. This work focuses on studying the addition effect of the prepared Toner carbon nanoparticles TCNP with particles size of (89.77nm) as a nanoparticles with different weight percentages(2, 4, 6) % to unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) and epoxy resin (EP) as a matrix to prepare polyester nanocomposites and epoxy nanocomposites. The hand lay-up method was used to prepare neat polyester, neat epoxy and their nanocomposites sheets. The mechanical properties were studied including impact strength and hardness strength for the samples. The results showed that the samples of UPE/TCNP nanocomposite gained highest values of impact strength (4.57 KJ/m2) at ratio percent (2%) and the samples of EP/TCNP nanocomposite gained highest values of Impact strength (4.94 KJ/m2) atratiopercent (4%). Also the results showed that the EP/TCNP nanocomposite gained highest values of impact strength (4.94 KJ/m2) compared with UPE / TCNP nanocomposite (4.57 KJ /m2) at the same ratio percent (4%). Also the results showed that the samples of UPE/TCNP nanocomposite gained highest values of shore D number (85.40 H.NO.) at weight percentage (4%).While the samples of EP/TCNP nanocomposite gained highest values of shore D number (84.00 H.NO.) at weight Percentage (4%).

In the present research, hydro –desulfurization spent catalyst with an alumina base has been found to be as a source for molybdenum recovery. It was compose of 19 -30 % of molybdenum as MoO3. Two methods were used for the recovery of molybdenum. First method was using H2S gas for precipitation of Co as CoS, and the precipitation of Mo has been done by HCl acid solution addition. The second method was the alkali leaching of spent catalyst and recovery of molybdenum using dilute NH4OH solution and then the precipitation of molybdenum as trioxide using HCl solution. The optimum conditions were predicated for the recovery of molybdenum, and different parameters were studied such as the alkali concentration and leaching time.

With the carbon bombardment, the procedure of producing graphene on SiC surfaces is modified. The carbon evaporation influences the dynamical growth of graphene onthe hexagonal SiC. The epitaxial graphene induced by carbon evaporation is obtained at lower annealing temperatures of about 950 oC in case of SiC(0001). By this method, we were able to construct a monolayer graphenewhich is confirmed by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS). On the 3C-SiC surface, zero-layer graphene is obtained at annealing temperatures of about 1000 oC as this evident by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and LEED. Similarly, carbon evaporation on the 3C-SiC surface can be applied in order to get graphene at reduced temperatures.

The kinetic analysis was carried out for thermal degradation by using of Thermo gravimetric analysis TGA analysis of polystyrene (PS 120) produced by Sabiccompany, using models of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa , Friedman, Kissinger , Coats-Redfern, dynamic, and Horowitz-Metzger methods. Activation energy was determined . The experiments were conducted at five heating rates of 5,10,15,20,25 Co/min.The temperature range of 30 -775 Counder helium as inert gaswas usedwith flow rate 20 ml/min . The obtained activation energy dependences areinterrupted,the thermal degradation whichfollows random scission pathway, average activation energy obtained was 230 KJ/mol . This value was compared with published data and wasfound in a good agreement.

One of the key issues of current radiation research is the biological effect of low doses of X-ray, which can instigate to chromosomal damage in direct irradiated and bystander cells. Additionally, the direct irradiated and bystander cells demonstrate delayed damage responses within their progeny, underlying radiation-induced genomic instability (GI). In this study we tried to mimic the effects of diagnostic procedure doses of X-ray (0.5 rad) on human fibroblast cells, which are considered as a one of the environmental polluter. Human fibroblast cells were irradiated with 0.5 rad X-ray, which were considered the direct irradiated cells; whilst radiation-induced bystander effects (BE) were induced by media transfer. Both cell populations were propagated until 24 generations for delayed responses. The direct, bystander and their progeny cells were subjected to chromosomal analysis and comet assay to measure chromosomal and total DNA damage in these cells. Early response of chromosome damage was observed in the direct irradiated cells; however it was statistically insignificant. Bystander cells showed higher chromosomal damage than the irradiated cells; but it was insignificant compare to the corresponding control groups. Conversely, comet data demonstrated a significant DNA damage in both direct irradiated and bystander cells as initial responses. Interestingly, progeny of direct irradiated and bystander cells showed a significant chromosomal instability and DNA damage after 24 population doublings following irradiation. The findings suggested that the diagnostic procedure doses of X-ray could cause a profound chromosomal instability within human primary fibroblast cells; which are considered as a hallmark of carcinogenesis.

In this paper, we use of NDVI Transformation to determine where a bouts of the green areas (Vegetation) of the region under the imaging, then employ these results as background information to apply the supervised classification for the first principal component (PCA) after making a turn KL-Transformation they contain most of the information in the satellite image of sensor TM, after that is the comparison between the two methods of classification directed by reference to the NDVI and statistical measurements. Finally, we choose the best classification to calculate percentage of the Green areas in the satellite image.

The focus of this paper is on the investigation and the understanding of transition probability of charge at the metal/semiconductor interface depending on the calculation of the rate constant. For this system we can suppose two localized quantum vector states system with a conduction electron state vector l 〉 interacting with an acceptor state vector l 〉 of electron in band of metal with the interacting described by the coupling matrix element. Expression of rate constant of charge transfer for metal/semiconductor system derived upon the quantum model and perturbation theory for transition between l 〉 and I state when the coupling matrix element coefficient smaller than . The probability of the charge transfer rate constant for the metal/semiconductor interface in this context, is basically defined as a relatively to potential barrier between a metal and a semiconductor The probability of charge transfer rate constant evaluated with reorganization energy using a matlap program. Theoretical results obtained for our mode show that the probability of charge transfer is more probable with decreasing the reorganization energy.

This project has been conductedon New Zealand WhiteRabbits(newborns and adults) . Biceps brachii, soleus and abdominal wall of muscles were used in this study. Fresh pieces of muscle tissues were frozen to be cut at (10 μm)thick sections by the cryostat.Skeletal musclefibre types wereinvestigated histochemically to demonstrate myosinadenosin triphosphatase (ATPase) activity using acid and alkaline preincubation and succinate dehydrogenase ( SDHase ) activity . In this way it may be possible to recognizethe fast and slow twitch muscle fibers,as well as to explore the difference in reaching maturity between different muscles of the body.The results showed that,the biceps brachii and abdominal wall muscles consist predominantly of fast fibers,whilst the soleus muscle is made up of a near homogenous population of slow fibers. The immature abdominal wall muscle showed some reversal of the mature limb muscles staining pattern of the same animal.

(Zn(NO₃)₂.6H2O) and (NaOH) are used for synthesis ZnOnanostructures by one step reaction at 80°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD)pattern referes polycrystalline naturewith a hexagonal structure. Rietveld refinement (curried out by fullprof software) of XRDpatterns a provide accurate values for the lattice parameter a=3.250353 0.00009Å , c=5.207006 0.00020Å where c/a ratio is 1.601981. The average crystalline size was calculated by Debye-Scherrer method about 30 nm. The effects of strain in X-ray line broadening of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated by Williamson-Hall method revealed that the peak broadening is not only due to reduced coherently diffracting domain size but also due to a significant strain distribution. The extracted particle size is about 31.5 nm and internal lattice strain value was found to be 6*10-4.The morphological and topographical studies were carried out by using scanning electron microscopy SEM, the average particle size is matched with that obtained by Debye-Scherrer and Williamson-Hall methods.

The bases of this study is to evaluate the immune response to experimental infection of (BALB/c) mice by Salmonella Mbandaka . The experiment was carried out on one hundred mice of both genders with age range (6 – 8) weeks old, the mice were divided randomly into two groups (group A: includes 50 mice were given orally on infective dose (1.3×107C.F.U\ml) ,group B: includes 50 mice which inoculated orally with 1 ml of phosphate buffer saline (pH=7.2) and considers as control group).The study has showed that the experimentally infected mice (group A) are able to induce humoral and cellular immune response . The humoral immune response was detected by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay post induced infection in mice with infected dose. Maximum titers of ( IgG ) antibodies reached of (211.13) at four weeks , slight reduction at six weeks , reached a mean (179.41 ± 29.47), while in the eight weeks after infection, there was a reduction in the(IgG) titers to reach a mean (58.83 ± 34.56). While group B showed the normal range of IgG titer (20.22 ± 1.11 , 20.79 ±1.71 , 19.81 ± 0.88, 20.22 ± 1.11 , 20.97 ± 0.57 ) at zero time , 2 ,4 , 6 ,8 weeks respectively . The cellular immune response was detected by using the skin test mean thickness of the right foot pad was (2.85±0.06) millimeter after 24 hours, then increased to reach (3.69 ±0.07) mm after 48 hours , then declined to reach (2.71±0.09)mm after 72 hours in mice infected by infective dose. This study concluded that Salmonella Mbandaka infection of the host was able to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, and these responses are dose dependent.

A new mode for the FIA method was developed for the estimation of Chlorpromazine HCl(CPH) in pure and pharmaceutical formulation based on the releasing of the oxidizing agent sodium persulphate from the body the hydrogel beads leads to oxidation of drug to pink color product. Homemade FI photometer, single hydrogel bead and green light emitting diod were used for this application. The optimum conditions were 1ml.min-1 flow rate, 100μL injected sample volume, 15sec as purge time of injected sample volume, 0.5mol.L-1 of sodium persulphate that gel bead soaked in and 3hours of soaking time for hydrogel bead inside sodium persulphate solution. The linear range for the variation of instrument response with CPH concentrations was 0.17-0.80mmol.L-1, While the limit of detection (L.O.D) was 0.108x10-8M from the stepwise dilution of the minimum concentration in the linear range. The correlation coefficient(r) was 0.9945. The method was applied successfully for the determination of CPH in pharmaceutical preparation, and paired t-test indicate that there was no significant differences between the new method and the reported method , so on that base the new method can be used as an alternative analytical method.

The study was done to assess the level of markets meat contamination with E.coli, 60 meat samples (20 beef, 20 beef burger and 20 chicken meat) were collected from local markets in Kut city (Iraq) during the period from June up to October 2013. The isolation rate of E.coli in the three types of meat samples were twenty –seven (45%) : thirteen (65%) beef burger , nine (45%)beef and five (25%)chicken meat, There was statistically significant difference (P< 0.0 5) in prevalence of E.coli between the three types of meat. The median counts of E.coli was 1.6x106 CFU/g in beef,5.9x105CFU/g in beef burger and 2.4x103CFU/g in chicken meat. There was statistically significant difference (P< 0.0 5) in E.coli counts between the three types of meat. The median counts of aerobic plate count (APC) in Beef burger, Beef and chicken meat are 3.4x106 CFU/g, 3.1x106 CFU/g2.1x106 CFU/g, respectively. The results of Statistical analysis showed no significant differences(P>0.05) in (APC)count between the three types of meat The results of this study showed that meat is a significant source for foodborn disease that concerns the public health in Kut city.

In this research thin films from SnO2 semiconductor have been prepared by using (APCVD) on glass substrates. Our study focus on prepare SnO2 films with high optical quality at various temperature. The optical transmittance was measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Structure properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction. (XRD) studies show that with increasing growth temperature from (350-500) 0C diffraction peaks becomes sharper indication to improve the crystallnaity, the (110) peak has strongest intensity in all films, grain size (31.5nm) was measured by using Scherrer equation .maximum transmission can be measured is (90%) at 400 0C.( AFM) where use to analyze the morphology of the tine oxides surface. Roughness and average grain size for different temperature have been investigated

Zinc Oxide thin film of 2 μm thickness has been grown on glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique at substrate temperature of 500 oC under the vacuum pressure of 8×10-2 mbar. The optical properties concerning the absorption, and transmission spectra were studied for the prepared thin film. From the transmission spectra, the optical gap and linear refractive index of the ZnO thin film was determined. The structure of the ZnO thin film was tested with X-Ray diffraction and it was formed to be a polycrystalline with many peaks.

The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of clomiphene citrate against the hormonal disrubances caused by atrazine exposure. Thirty adult male rats were used, they divided randomly and equally into five groups. The first group serve as a control group orally dosed with distilled water , the rest four groups orally dosed with :- atrazine (ATZ) 50 mg /kg b.w. , ATZ 50 mg /kg b.w, and clomiphene citrate (CC) 0.5 mg / kg b.w. , ATZ 50 mg /kg b.w. and CC 0.6 mg / kg b.w. , ATZ 50 mg /kg and CC 0.7 mg / kg b.w. daily for 30 days. The results showed that atrazine exposure result in significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in serum testosterone, FSH, LH, and adiponectin hormones in atrazine exposed group compared with control group . The protective treatment with 0.6 and 0.7 mg / kg b.w of CC result in significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in serum testosterone, FSH , LH , and adiponectin hormones compared with atrazine exposed group . The response to the dose of 0.5 mg / kg b.w. of CC result in significant increase in serum levels of LH , and adiponectin hormones and non-significantly different from atrazine exposed group in FSH and testosterone serum level . It has been concluded from the present study that clomiphene citrate have a positive effects on serum level of testosterone, FSH , LH , and adiponectin hormones.

A total of 23 specimens of Ardeola ralloides were collected from Al-mashab north of Basrah- and examined for helminth parasites. The loose fascia over the skin muscles of neck, esophagus, trachea, thorax and abdomen of Ardeola ralloides were found to be infected with Strigea: Tetracotyle, which is reported here for the first time in Iraq.

This study tsted egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis and the predator chrysoperla carnea in present of seven selective insecticides. The study was carried out at the field experiments of ministry of Science and Technology /Agric and Biol. Res. Center 2003 – 2005 and aimed to check the efficacy of the biological control agents as well as the selective insecticides for controlling or reducing the population density of the major pest on cotton Helicoverpa armigera. The results showed that the population counts of H. armigera and C.carnea in 25 plant and parasitization percent by T. chilonis prior to the first spray were ranged from, 0.66 to 3.67, 3.33 to 7.66 and 24.30 to 40.00 for H. armigera, C. carnea and parasitization rate by T. chilonis in present of all the selective insecticides, respectively. The results also indicated that the number of the pest and Biological control agents after the first spray with the selective insecticides were ranged from 0.66 to 2.66, 1.00 to 4.66 and 10.00 and 23.00 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T.chilonis, respectively, while the data of the current study also showed that the number of Boilogical control agents and the pest H.armigera, after second spray were fluctuated between 0.00 to 3.66, 1.00 to 6.00 and from 8.00 to 51.33 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T. chilonis, respectively. Finally, data regarding the population of the test insects and yield per acre from each treatment after third spray with the same insecticides showed that the population of C. carnea were increased in all treatments after third spray except Endusilfau treated plots, on the other hand parasitization rate by T. chilonis increased in all treatment except Profenofos that reduced from 12.00 percent to 8.00 percent after third spray. Yield of seed cotton was found maximum 3200 Kg/ hectare in these plots where Thiodicarb and Spinosad were applied and next highest yield was obtained in Indoxacarb and Cypermethrin treated plots, showing a yield of 2800 Kg and 2400 Kg/ hectare, respectively. Finally the results showed that there was no difference in the yield of seed cotton between Endosulfan and Profenofos, treated compared to control plot

This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors and other eye disorders among primary school children in Al-Kut city at Wasit Governorate, Iraq. In this population-based cross-sectional study of primary school children (age 6-12 years) a sample of 1000 children from 4 different primary schools of both sexes were selected. All schools were in Al-Kut city. Our team visited the selected schools and examined the children for presenting visual acuity followed by manifest refraction, external eye, anterior segment and posterior segment, and ocular alignment and motility. Positive cases were referred later to Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital, ophthalmology department for more comprehensive examination and management. Refractive errors include myopia, defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) of at least -0.50 Diopter (D), hypermetropia SE at least +1.0 D, and astigmatism at least 1.0 D cylinder. The prevalence of refractive errors was (20.7 %); myopia (16.3 %), hypermetropia (4.5 %), and astigmatism (10.0 %). Refractive errors are common in this age group. They were the main cause of visual impairment. Because they have a significant medical, social, and financial impact on society, early attention to this problem is important to avoid the long-term effects of amblyopia and poor school performance. It was concluded that our screening program is an effective strategy where all children enrolling in primary schools are examined compulsorily to eliminate this treatable cause of visual impairment.