AL-Anbar University journal of Economic and Administration Sciences

The problem (nCOV-2019 coronavirus) and total closure and social spacing is one of the most important problems imposed on the people of Erbil city, which is beginning to take on serious economic and social dimensions, and affect the decision-making process in the real estate market. In light of this, the research analyzes the impact of the Corona pandemic on the sale prices and rental of residential properties in Erbil city, As a result, the research aimed to analyze and explain the impact of the Corona pandemic on the sale prices and rental of residential properties in Erbil. Through the results of the research proved the existence of a clear and negative impact of the Corona pandemic on residential real estate in Erbil city, and this means an inverse relationship between the Corona pandemic and the prices of sales and rental residential properties, and finally recommended a set of important recommendations to control and reduce the effects of the Corona pandemic on the prices and rent of residential properties at the partial and macro level, At the micro level level choose operations that increase the transactions of buying and selling residential rental contracts, offering attractive offers to tenants such as signing contracts of up to (6) months instead of one year, and exemption from rental values for one or two months. At the macro level, Macro Level adopts a range of expansionary economic policies in the form of grants and mortgages, increased government spending, expansion of tax exemptions, reduction of interest rates, reduction of administrative drawings, especially real estate drawings, To provide financial liquidity to companies and individuals affected by the spread of the new coronavirus, and to spend cash to help citizens, i.e. follow the policy of helicopter money, as well as administrative facilities in transferring ownership and facilitating it in electronic ways that are smoother, clear and transparent than the old traditional methods that have become an obstacle for all.

The study aimed to estimate the optimal size of the company and its impact on the financial performance indicators of the companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, as the optimum size of the companies was measured using a production function, which is the Cob Douglas function, and the unbalanced data model was also used. Which combines cross sections and time series, based on annual data that included (57) companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period from 2010 to 2019.
The study found that there are companies that have achieved levels very close to the optimum size, as for the effect of the optimal size of the company on the financial performance indicators, the study found that there is a significant negative effect of the optimal size of the company on the return on investment and the return on assets.

The importance of environmental tourism has increased as it has become a "promising" tourism market that achieves high revenues, as it is an important export industry as it relies on natural ingredients with its various resources and wealth in addition to the material foundations that people have built to attract tourists. Towards tourism investment, especially the environment in the region in general and the Dohuk governorate in particular, and the research assumes that most of the obstacles facing the tourism sector can be overcome by relying on the private sector in light of a long-term strategic vision, and according to this, the descriptive method has been relied upon. Analytical, and the research reached a set of conclusions, including, despite the great role that tourism plays in supporting the economy of the Kurdistan region of Iraq, but this field has not met with sufficient attention by academic institutions (universities and institutes in the region and this is evident through the lack of studies and research that can be To support this field and the lack of departments specialized in tourism in colleges and institutes that would produce specialists in this field.

The problem of financing has become one of the most prominent problems faced by developing countries in general and Iraq in particular. In recent years, it has become comparable to traditional economic problems such as inflation and unemployment, which take a lot of effort and resources to address them.
Iraq relies only on one source to finance the budget deficit through the revenues derived from oil, as it constitutes more than 90% of the revenues of the general budget, depending on oil prices and the quantity exported from it daily, and this is what forced it to turn to external loans, which are often conditional Complex political and economic, as before (2003) Iraq used traditional financing methods, including financing through the new monetary issuance (inflationary financing
After the year (2003), when the Central Bank of Iraq gained independence in accordance with Law (56) of 2004, Iraq adopted a modern method of financing the deficit through internal borrowing and external borrowing (public debt), as the deficit is financed by issuing government debt papers for the short term, which usually means It is a year or less and they are called remittances, and others for the medium and long term are usually called bonds, and there is a category of them for terms between two to ten years, and most of them are assigned remittances to the treasury and bonds to the government, so it is important to address the problem of the public budget deficit and methods of financing it during the research period and its impact. on inflation in Iraq.

The research focused on studying the industrial sector in Salah al-Din Governorate through indicators of the number of employees, the number of establishments and the value of production, and comparing them with the other of the Iraqi governorates, Where the research started from the hypothesis that the industry in Salah al-Din Governorate did not raise the level of the Iraqi governorates with these indicators and It did not recover from these indicators for the year 2000,The research also aims to identify the reality of the industrial sector in Salah al-Din Governorate In order to achieve the goal and hypothesis of the research, it was divided into four sections, the first was entitled some basic concepts of industry, the second was the reality of the industrial sector in Salah al-Din Governorate, the third was the reality of industrial sector indicators in Salah al-Din Governorate, and the fourth was the future and prospects for the industrial sector in Salah al-Din Governorate, The research reached the most important conclusions, including that the industrial sector in Salah al-Din Governorate did not rise to the level of the Iraqi provinces, The research also recommended activating the role of control and control to ensure the functioning and growth of the industrial sector in the governorate away from tampering with product quality, prices and fraud ... etc,.

The research provides a measure and analysis some of the determinants of economic growth represented by (degree of economic exposure, investment, wide money supply M2, oil revenues, public budget deficit, current account deficit) and economic growth expressed in terms of average per capita gross domestic product at constant prices in the economy Iraqi for the period (1995-2018), Using modern standard models based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model {ARDL} methodology. And the results of the stability test (stillness) showed that there is a mixture of variables, some of which reside at the original level I (0), and others at the first difference I (1), While the results showed that there is a long-term balanced relationship (Cointegration) between the variables studied according to the Bound Test methodology, the results of the standard analysis showed that the value of the error correction parameter was negative and significant, and appropriate tests proved the model was free of all standard problems and its high ability On forecasting, as well as the structural stability property of estimated model coefficients is achieved in the short and long term.

The financial literature has been dealing with financial performance not on the basis that it is a business result only, but rather it is based on it as one of the bases for benchmarking with performance in previous periods for the same firm or the sector as a whole, or as a benchmark for competitiveness among firms and sectors, or even as a target level according to its indicators, and this performance exceeded in The recent years are an important stage to move towards studying the financial characteristics of companies, including a budget, income statement, cash flow detection, and linking them with indicators to come up with some characteristics that vary between one firm and another, and one sector and another. Hence, the aim of the research is to clarify the impact of financial characteristics (finance and investment opportunities expressed by growth in assets, tangibility of assets, and growth in working capital) in the financial performance of firms represented by the growth rate in profits and market value. On this expected impact and for four sectors, the research reached a set of conclusions, perhaps the most important of which is that the financing characteristics The firms' return affect their returns more than the characteristics of investing in their assets, and that short-term borrowing contributes to raising their returns and thus increasing their market value. His ability to make decisions with the appropriate quantity and type, as well as timing, return and risk mechanisms, and the manager must have a holistic view that accommodates all the firm's variables, not the lists issued by accountants .

The study aimed to identify the effect of the internal control elements represented by (control environment, follow-up, control activities, risk assessment, information and communication system) on the performance of workers in Iraqi commercial banks, The problem of the study was represented in the nature of the main function of internal control as the tool responsible for standing against the theft, embezzlement, waste, manipulation and forgery, as well as limiting the phenomenon of administrative corruption, which is exacerbated whenever there are opportunities for this, in addition to the great challenges faced by the internal control systems represented by many means Innovative fraud and the possibility of fraud through the mechanization of systems and manipulation of data, and these appearances expand whenever the internal control systems followed in departments are weak, and therefore the strength of these systems enhances the efficiency of performance for departments and workers as well as rationalizing the spending process and thus preserving the institution’s funds, In order to reach the results of this study, a descriptive and analytical approach was used, and the study relied on the questionnaire to collect data, as (87) questionnaires were distributed to individuals working in Iraqi banks operating in Kirkuk governorate, and ready-made statistical software (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that there is a significant and significant correlation between the elements of internal control and the performance of workers in commercial banks at the micro and macro levels, and the presence of a significant influence of the internal control elements on the performance of workers in commercial banks at the micro and macro levels.

The research aims to measure the effect of the legal cash reserve ration on the liquidity of commercial banks in Iraq for the period (2005-2018). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag model {ARDL} was used to estimate that relationship in the short and long terms, using Eviews10 statistical program. The most important conclusions reached by the researchers are that there is a short and long-term inverse moral relationship between the legal cash reserve ratio and liquidity at commercial banks, and there is also a long-term equilibrium relationship (co-integration) between the studied variables according to the Bound Test methodology, and the research also clarifies The value of the error correction parameter amounted to (-0.07), meaning that the deviation of previous years from the long-term equilibrium is corrected by (7%).

The study aims to adopt human resources management strategies, as an effective strategy in enhancing organizational culture in the educational sector. In order to provide answers about the objectives of the study, the researcher created a 23-item questionnaire to collect primary data from the study sample, where data were collected, analyzed, and hypotheses tested (SPSS). Director. The descriptive analytical approach was followed and regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study, the most important of which was that there is an effect of human resources management strategies in promoting organizational culture. The research can contribute to community service by building an educational team that can contribute to the advancement of the educational reality of the Iraqi society. .

The current research focuses on identifying the nature of the relationship and the impact between sustainable marketing in its dimensions (sustainable product, sustainable pricing - sustainable promotion - sustainable distribution) and customer retention. Mosul Dairy Factory by adopting a questionnaire prepared for this purpose to find out the opinions of a sample of workers, and after collecting the data, it was analyzed statistically by adopting the SPSS program for the purpose of testing the correlation between both variables, and in the light of which a set of conclusions were indicated, including the existence of a correlation between sustainable marketing and customer retention And presenting a set of proposals compatible with it to the organization under study.

Successful companies are the ones that can adapt themselves to the rapid changes in the environment to which they belong. In line with this matter, companies today are more interested than ever before to be proficient in their management of daily business requirements and this is due to many factors, such as the continuous change in the environment Business and the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization, and the great scientific and technological progress and information technology that resulted in the information technology revolution, which prompted many companies to reconsider their administrative and organizational conditions, and on this basis the strategic importance of information technology has increased at the present time, to become an important means In achieving and enhancing organizational ingenuity for companies in general, it has become an essential part of the organization's general strategy. In light of the foregoing, the current research aims to address the role played by the information technology strategy in building organizational ingenuity. The research deals with the information technology strategy and its dimensions (efficiency, flexibility, comprehensiveness) as an independent variable, and organizational ingenuity is a dependent variable, by highlighting the relationship and impact between them In Kronji Soft Drinks Company, and for the purpose of reaching the research objectives, a questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection, and the Spss24 program was relied on to test hypotheses, and the descriptive exploratory approach was used in dealing with theoretical and applied research data. An exploratory study, and a random sample of (70) employees of the company was selected, and the research reached the most important results that contribute to clarifying the relationship between the study variables and their dimensions. At the micro and macro levels, this strategy has an effective role in building and achieving programs organizational strength. In light of the results, the research presented a set of proposals, the most prominent of which is the company’s continuous pursuit of organizational ingenuity through investing in information technology and exploring all that is new in it by adopting other methods given the importance of organizational ingenuity in the performance of companies and maintaining their sustainability in the long run the long

This study aims to know the extent to which the elements of strategic intelligence contribute to the possibility of applying the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, where the descriptive and analytical approach was followed in the study and a questionnaire was developed to determine the extent of this contribution or not, and this was done by studying the strategic intelligence and its elements represented by (forecasting, systemic thinking, strategic vision, motivation, and partnership) and showing its impact on the application of the ERP system. Based on a basic problem that lies in the extent to which the elements of strategic intelligence contribute to the application of the ERP system, this study included the company’s board of directors and the managers of its units and departments as the intentional selected sample. They have a significant impact on the application of the ERP system in the organization of the research sample, which makes it imperative for the researched organization to adopt it significantly and accurately, and based on the conclusions, a set of recommendations were formulated.

Quality and institutional performance issues have become a desirable scientific field for research, investigation and discussion, as they are academic competitive terms through which the methodology and mechanisms of discrimination are included in the global sites of universities, as a result of the interaction between decision makers in universities and beneficiaries in formulating policies and developing their programs. This field has become at the forefront of the interests of educational and academic institutions interested in adopting prestigious sites or improving their performance through the adoption of high-quality programs and entry in the field of excellence. In general, the research attempts to answer the following question: Does quality management have a direct role in institutional performance? The study reached a set of conclusions, among which it appears to have a moral impact of quality management on the institutional performance in the universities that were searched for, and the study ended with a set of those and suggestions that clarify the relationships between the study variables and their dimensions and the ways and means of universities in detail that could be in the university field , The research indicates positive trends and the pursuit of reducing negative trends, as well as proposing a number of future studies and research that constitute the study variables.

The aims of the research is to determine the impact of the employee value proposition in the organizational commitment. The approach of this research is historical, descriptive and analytical. The approach used in this research was historical, descriptive, and analytical. The research adopted the historical approach to illustrate the concepts addressed, and the descriptive approach to describing the data on the research problem according to the sample answers. Finally, the analytical approach to analyze the data was through statistical tests. The research concludes that there is a significant impact for employee value proposition on organizational commitment. The results and recommendations of this research assure that employee value proposition and organization reputation is crucial in promoting the commitment of employees. The originality of this research has valuable implications for both theory and practice, as it offers several contributions to literature in the field of study, as well as the practical contribution.

In this research, the construction of Poisson regression model which it has been applied to real data, Obtained from the 7up drink Factory in Mosul, This data consists of two variables, The first is called a variable response, denoted by (y) which represents the percentage of carbon dioxide in a 7up drink, The second variable is called the explanatory variable, symbolized by (x), which represents pressure, and the Sample size (600) watch by using the IBM SPSS statistics 23 software to analyze the data, Use the inferential analytical approach Which is to study the regression analysis with Focusing on how to estimate and explain its parameters Through the application of numerical analysis in a way Newton – Raphson to estimate the model parameters After the failure of Maximum Likelihood Method(ML).The goal is to obtain the appropriate model which represents the data under study, use this model to predict the values of the response variable , and depend on Mean Square Error(MSE) In comparing the original values of the data with the predicted values through the model , Results after estimating the Poisson regression model showed that the estimated values converged with the real values and with a small MSE value.

The purpose of this paper is to learn about anticipatory behaviour that practiced by the private universities in Iraq. The descriptive analytical approach was used to collect and analyse generalised data via the questionnaire, which was the study's major tool, and a set of private universities were selected such as (Al-Hadbaa University College, Nowruz University, Al-Noor University College, Al-Bayan University) to achieve the research goal. The research community reached (557) lecturers, from whom a non-random samples was chosen (intentionally) by (316) lecturers with a various scientific titles (professor, associate professor, lecturer, and assistant lecturer). The research reached a set of conclusions, including the variation in the level of availability of the dimensions of proactive behavior in the researched universities, and these results were identical with the assumptions in this aspect.

The study aims to define the role that smart maintenance will play in improving and enhancing industrial performance, and through research and investigation to identify the problem, the researcher reached to define it in Ibn Majed General Company for Heavy Engineering Industries and was able to apply the study in it from an applied point of view, and either from Theoretically, previous studies were referred to in order to supplement the study with data and information, and in order to achieve this, the researcher used the questionnaire form to collect data and information from the study sample amounting to (236) representing the population of the study (734) where it was processed and analyzed statistically, and the hypotheses of the study were tested. According to statistical programs represented by (Spss, v.23) and (Amos, v.23), the study reached conclusions which state that there is a strong direct correlation between smart maintenance and industrial performance that reflects the availability of smart maintenance, which indicates a strong direct reflection. For the emergence of industrial performance in Ibn Majid State Company for Heavy Engineering Industries, the study sample.

The aim of this research is to study, estimate and analyze the determinants of oil investment in Iraq for the period 2004-2017. The research starts from the hypothesis that Iraq Oil investment is affected by a range of economic and non-economic factors such as global demand for crude oil, oil prices, global economic growth, oil revenues and production to oil reserves the study reached a set of conclusions, the most important investment focus on the upper stages of the oil industry at the expense of the later stages of that industry as well as the expense of other sectors, the most important recommendations is the need to develop the oil industry at all stages, and not only the export of crude oil and by increasing investment in oil projects, which increases the added value and profits obtained by Iraq, which will as the need to intensify government efforts towards the establishment Sustaining gas injection projects in the oil fields and enhancing the production capacity of these fields.

Increasing the interest in the concept of organizational identity as one of the most important affecting variables on the organizational struggle of organizations as a whole, therefore this study aims to highlight and reveal the relationship and impact of the organizational identity dimensions represented by (symmetry, pride, respect) in (organizational conflict) and demonstrate its importance to the researched ministry.
To achieve the objectives of this study, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of (70) individuals in the Iraqi Ministry of Planning, (50) samples were valid for analysis, the data were processed using many statistical methods, most notably (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, regression coefficient) using the statistical program (SPSS), the most prominent results that the researcher reached was the effect and the correlation between the study axes (organizational identity) and (organizational conflict), and the most important recommendations were to enhance the sense of organizational identity among workers in the Iraqi Ministry of Planning, because of this positive reflection on the organizational conflict.