Regional Studies Journal

The normalization agreements signed by the UAE, Bahrain, Morocco, and Sudan with Israel constituted an important shift and change in the reality of Arab-Israeli relations and had Arab and regional impacts and repercussions. The research aims to study the normalization agreements that were signed in 2020, the reasons behind that, the most prominent contents of those agreements, Iran\'s position on them, and the repercussions of that position on Iran. It is an attempt to strengthen the aspect of studies dealing with Arab-Iranian relations, specifically Iran\'s policy and position on normalization agreements with \"Israel\", as it is one of the new topics in this field. The research included four themes, the first of which was Iran and initiatives to end the Arab-Israeli conflict until 1990. The second dealt with Iran\'s position towards the Madrid Conference in 1991, the Oslo Agreement in 1993, and the Jordanian-Israeli peace treaty in 1994, while the involved with Iran and normalization agreements in 2020, and the fourth included normalization agreements and their repercussions on Iran. The research came out with several results, the most important of which is that the normalization agreements were an important shift in the region, and they had repercussions and were a reason for Iran\'s rejection and opposition to them, especially those signed by the UAE and Bahrain due to their geographical location in the Arabian Gulf region and their proximity to it, so Iran considered them a direct threat to its national security, because \"Israel\" was able to find a foothold in the Arabian Gulf region, and this was a reason for Iran to adopt a policy aimed at countering this threat in various ways and means.

The research aims to identify the soft and hard power pillars that represent the foundations of Iranian strategic thought and through which the Iranian strategy moves to manage its regional interactions, especially towards the Middle East region, and the extent of the impact of political, religious and sectarian doctrines on Iran\'s strategic performance regionally. The importance of the research stems from the prominence of Iranian strategic thought and the exploration of the soft and hard power pillars on which it is based which are employed in Iran\'s strategic performance. In addition to the introduction, conclusion, and conclusions, the research was divided into two main themes. The first theme included the soft power pillars in Iranian strategic thought and their implications for its regional performance. The second axis involved the pillars of hard power in Iranian strategic thought and their implications for its regional performance. The research came to several conclusions, the most important of which is that Iran\'s regional interventions remained hostage to their perceptions of their roles in turning regional equations. Iran\'s strategic performance of its roles in the Middle East is highly dependent on its perception of its role as a regional actor with some elements of leadership.

The research aims to show the factors and variables that directly affect the future of the political system in Turkey, despite Turkey's advantages and capabilities, the future of the political system depends on internal and external factors and variables, especially after the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2023 and the victory of Turkish President Erdogan for a second presidential term. The importance of the research lies in the importance of the topic; the events and changes, whether internal or external, that Turkey is going through affect the future of the political system in Turkey, especially after the presidential elections and the victory of Recep Tayyip Erdogan for a second term, especially since Turkey plays a major role at the regional level because of the elements it enjoys that enable it to play this role. The research included three topics: the first dealt with the political system in Turkey and the transition to the presidential system, the second dealt with the presidential and parliamentary elections in Turkey in 2023, and the third examined the future of the political system in Turkey. The most important findings of the research are that the status quo is the most likely scenario given the available data and opportunities.

The research aims to identify the strategic importance of the Arctic region, study the strategies of the US and Russian Federation\'s rivalry towards the Arctic region and their political, economic and military roles. The importance of the research stems from understanding the nature of the US-Russian rivalry in the Arctic region, studying the importance of the region in terms of location and economic resources, studying the strategy of both the US and the Russian Federation towards the region, and indicating the future perspectives of this rivalry. The research included four axes, the first of which dealt with the strategic importance of the Arctic region, the second dealt with the US strategic role in the Arctic region, the third discussed the Russian strategic role in the Arctic region, and the fourth axis dealt with the future scenes of the US-Russian rivalry in the Arctic region.) Arctic. The research concluded with several findings, the most important of which is that the natural resources (oil and gas) in the Arctic have given an impetus to the US-Russian rivalry, as both countries consider the energy resources in the Arctic to be a wealth that cannot be ignored in meeting their growing needs.

The research aims to document and analyze the state of the US-China conflict during the period (2018-2024). The importance of this research lies in explaining and analyzing what is happening in the Indo-Pacific region and its wealth and competitive processes that have increased its strategic value in the scope of international interactions between the major powers, especially the United States and China. The research was divided into two sections, the first under the title of the Indo-Pacific region. The second one was titled Regional Conflicts and International Alliances and the third section was titled Regional Conflicts and International Alliances. One of the most important conclusions of the research is that the confluence of Chinese ambition and American goals in the Indo-Pacific region has formed a geopolitical obstacle for the countries of the region, as they are in a state of uncertainty amid ambiguous future visions, which will affect their military and economic paths.

The research aims to shed light on the legislative role of the local administration in the field of state administration in a better way due to its proximity to the local variables that need to modernize the legislative system. The significance of the research lies in clarifying the working mechanism of the local authority in issuing legislation in terms of its legal basis, in addition to highlighting the financial independence enjoyed by local councils in enacting such legislation of a financial and administrative nature. The research consisted of three sections: The first deals with the legal justifications for local legislation, the second addresses the topic of local legislation, and the third discusses the specificity of local financial legislation. The research reached several conclusions, the most prominent of which is that there is a legal basis that authorizes local councils to issue important legislation such as financial and administrative legislation, as they are the most familiar with these matters and the most knowledgeable compared to others.

The research aims to identify the most important macroeconomic factors affecting economic growth. This research relies on the autoregressive distribution model with distributed lag to shed light on the long-term relationship between GDP growth and some economic variables in the Eurozone countries, using the short-term error correction rate based on annual data for the period from 1975 to 2021. A series of tests were conducted to ensure that the model is free of standard problems such as unit root tests, heterogeneity and serial correlation. This study showed a set of results, including the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the research variables and that the error correction value appeared negative and significant, thus fulfilling the condition for accepting the model. Improving infrastructure and using modern technology in the Eurozone enabled the production of goods and services within a record period of time. Added value had a positive impact on the trade balance of the Eurozone countries.