Journal of Kufa legal and political science

Terrorism is a global scourge that has become one of the challenges to global security and geographical borders are no longer an obstacle to it. From here, the research assumes that North Africa has become a haven for terrorist formations, although their names and ideological references differ, but they constitute a challenge to the national security of North African countries due to the ceilings of their goals, which represent a real terror at the individual and societal levels.
Today, the terrorist phenomenon has jumped with its problems from the local framework to the international space due to the security dilemma it poses. What are the terrorist formations that have settled in North Africa??
The research adopted the historical reading method in exploring the emergence and identity of terrorist groups in North Africa.
The importance of the research is based on a globally agreed-upon principle that terrorism has become the most prominent political disease for every group of countries in the global political system, before which political names and humanitarian considerations have fallen, to constitute a security obsession that threatens the societal system with its humanitarian and political dimensions.

The legal status of women with regard to acquired nationality, if acquired and acquired by Iraqi natural persons, generates legal effects on their enjoyment of rights or duties. Other effects may be caused to others as a result of such acquisition. But may also infect others, and may be Iraqi and may be foreign nationality, so we divided this research into two sections we address in the first effects of achieving the legal status of Iraqi women and its effects in the second for foreign women, With the view that the study will not address the impact on duties and obligations (such as military service and tax performance) being equal for the original national and emergency as well as for the impact on the multiplicity of nationality because the Iraqi constitution of 2005 allowed multiple and also allowed multiple Iraqi nationality law current and the requirements of the research budget also We preferred not to address it.

The ruling on bubbly has been one of the issues that have been the subject of intense dispute between Islamic schools of thought since the era of narration. Accordingly, the Imami jurists who have dealt with bubbly in the past and present in their books have given it an independent title, making it a separate title for wine and intoxicants, whether in the book of purification, forbidden drinks, or punishments. In any case, the Imamiyyah were unique in saying (bubbly is impure, and its ruling is the ruling of wine according to us without dispute). The ruling on bubbly is like the ruling on wine in all rulings, from its impurity, the punishment of its drinker, and the rejection of his testimony. The rest of the jurists disagreed with this, which led to the Islamic schools of thought denouncing the Imamiyyah because of these rulings.

Many developed countries have realized the seriousness of the crime of information theft and enacted laws that deal with this criminal phenomenon and limit their risks. Either Iraq and the rest of the Arab countries tried to absorb these crimes by enacting their own legislation, but shy attempts do not amount to the seriousness of these crimes and their harmful effects on society. The entry of the Internet and the means of modern technical communication to Iraq and the delay of our Iraqi legislator to keep pace with this development that took place in the community as well as the lack of research that talk about this crime and rare among the Iraqi legal studies so this study to highlight the subject Is a criminal responsibility for the crime of information and the means of combating it as a criminal behavior targeting the culprit behind the destruction, destruction and destruction of modern information technology. The most important of which is the computer and the information that includes the lives of individuals and public and private institutions and through the methods The study attempts to shed light on an important aspect related to the criminal responsibility of this crime and ways of combating it at the international and national levels by addressing international efforts. Which have been exerted to combat this crime and to help the Iraqi legislator to identify all aspects and reduce the effects and deter the perpetrators

The United Nations was established on October 24, 1945, within the framework of the period of the mood of exiting World War II, and therefore its most important goals were:
1- Preventing the outbreak of a third world war
2- Achieving international peace and security by establishing a system of collective security
The Security Council was entrusted with these sensitive tasks, and it gained political and professional experience over (62) years, through which it was able to deal with each issue separately.
On this basis, the process of reforming the Security Council serves the goal of enhancing international peace and security, especially since it is the main executive body of the United Nations authorized to work on behalf of its members according to Article (24-A) of the Charter, seeking speed and effectiveness.
It is worth noting that the reform processes in the United Nations do not go beyond amending, transforming or canceling existing administrative structures or procedures, and may include creating new ones. These operations often represent a transitional phase in the life of this global international organization, and thus determining the features of its future depends on the extent to which the interests and goals of the major strategic powers are in harmony with the proportion and extent of the change that can be brought about through the reform operations and their fields.

Legal literature on conflict of law issues in the context of international commercial arbitration generally addressed general questions about what law applies to legal issues such as the validity of an arbitration agreement or the selection of arbitration forum. The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate how international commercial arbitration, in the evolution of the traditional approach to conflict of laws, has contributed to this approach by A wide range of jurists is complex and leads to unexpected results, which creates a problem in achieving the requirements of justice and equity in the solutions offered by the rules of conflict of traditional laws.
The present study therefore provides some evidence of the ability of international commercial arbitration to overcome the problems of rules of conflict of laws and to free them from their traditional limitations.

The issue of international response to disasters is one of the emerging areas of international low . But there is on comprehensive legal framework and multilateral at the international level to regulate this issue . But in recent decades there has been a growing awareness of the role of low at the local and international levels to ensure an effective international response to disaters , as the absence of appropriate domestic legislation and policies delays the implementation of relief and empedes the coordination and distribution of international relief materials . Because of these difficulties , the 30th international conference of the red cross and .
Red crescent adopted the guiding principles to facilitate and organize international assistance for disaster relief and initial recovery of the local level in 2007 . The motives behind the development of legal rules for disaster response lie in the existence of numerous gaps in the scope and geographical coverage of existing international law .
There are also gaps in the application of existing international standards , in particular the capacity of domestic laws to address common legal issues in international disaster relief operations .
The issue of disasters response and the protection of people affected by its one of the new derelopments in international law and the pressing concernes of the international community .
The issue of humanitarian assistance progress and disasters response is still a topic of discussion in the disaster relief community . Activities at the level international response to disasters , has been regulated by a series of legal standards that can be collectively referred to as ( International Law of Disaster Response )

Contribute to the spread of corruption and deviation management in governmental and administrative organs in reducing the legitimacy of the political system in the eyes of the public where citizens are aware that the government officials of different levels are only involved with corruption and interested only their own interests and, as a result of this perception is the political system deprived of the realistic outcome for any popular backing, but show the negative consequences of non-citizens demand to deal with the regime, the system maintains a limited support he derives from, for example, the family or clan to protect it from the pressures of society and the loss of the citizen confidence in public policies and the resulting serious consequences for the gradual losing of the legitimacy of the political system gradually. This is what the subject searching, God and the conciliator.

Begging is an old phenomenon which most communities suffer from throughout the ages. It is not restricted to one country but involves the majority of countries in the world, whether poor or rich, due to a variety of causes such as: the difference in the financial levels of individuals, the desire to graft and the laziness in getting jobs. Recently, this dangerous phenomenon has increased and threatened the public order in the State including safety, health, tranquility and values of people, in addition to infringement of the public taste in the country.
Considering it as one of the most harmful crimes to the public interest by the Iraqi legislator, the competent legal personnel and the relevant governmental institutions must confront this negative phenomenon, with all it is phases and forms.

“Interim measures” is considered one of the most effective and important device of international commercial arbitration. This is so because it is provided the dispute parties in protection for any potential damage. It is represent quick and urgent decision to protect the dispute parties’ rights. Although, these decisions are very important for arbitration process, Iraq does not regulate interim measures explicitly nor express the competent authority to issue such measures. Moreover, Iraq does not design any mechanism to enforce interim measures issued by foreign arbitral tribunal. Therefore, this article will shade the light on interim measures in the Iraqi arbitration law and the competent authority which has the power to issue such measures. And also, discuss whether the arbitral tribunal has the power to issue interim measures or it is exclusive power for the Iraqi national courts. This article also, will focus on the procedures to enforce these measures under Iraqi law and the challenges may face the foreign investor who seeks to enforce interim measures in Iraq. Therefore, this article suggests some solutions to these challenges.

Disciplinary penalty is a punitive measure for a disciplinary violation imposed by a competent administrative authority on those who fail to fulfill their duties. It has the freedom to choose the penalty from among the disciplinary penalties and within the scope of the list of penalties exclusively determined by the legislator in accordance with the rule of the legality of the penalty. The role of the legislator here is limited to determining the duties of the employee and the actions prohibited for them without accurately determining the actions that require the imposition of a penalty, leaving the matter to the discretionary authority of the administration by adapting it to whether these actions constitute a mistake or not, provided that it also takes into account the proportionality between the violation and the penalty. The discretionary authority of the administration in this area is of great importance due to its impact on the moral or material rights of the employee when imposing an arbitrary disciplinary penalty when the imposed penalty is not taken into account or the proportionality and suitability between the penalty and the violation is not taken into account. In this case, what is the role played by the judiciary, given its authority and administrative oversight, when the administration is arbitrary in its administrative disciplinary decision due to its failure to take into account the principle of legality in the penalty or the principle of The proportionality between the penalty and the violation, this problem imposes on us to stand on the extent of the judiciary’s control over the legitimacy of the penalty as a first topic, and the extent of the judiciary’s control over the proportionality of the penalty with the functional violation as a second topic. We have adopted the analytical and comparative approach between Iraqi, Egyptian and French law. The importance of our research topic is evident through stating the role played by the administrative judge due to his authority and control over monitoring the administration’s decisions and those appealed before him to uncover the circumstances and ambiguity in them and reveal the truth and to ensure that the administration has not been arbitrary in its decisions due to its discretionary authority in imposing one of the penalties specified by the legislator.

Administrative corruption is a societal problem that human societies have known and suffered from since the appearance of man on earth until today. In Iraq, the phenomenon worsened after 2003 as a result of the deterioration of the security and political situation in the country. Corruption acts to delay development and prosperity for peoples and undermines the building of democracy, so fighting it has become a comprehensive social issue that affects all sectors and includes all possible means. Based on this idea, our research aimed to know the mechanisms adopted by States to fight corruption, including Iraq, as it relied on the establishment of independent national governmental bodies working alongside the existing supervisory bodies, in addition to studying the responsibility of these authorities and their money from the constitutional and legal role in controlling this phenomenon. The main problem of research is the identification of regulatory bodies and the legal role they play in combating and reducing corruption, and the assistance provided by the executive branch to those bodies. We found in our research that the regulatory bodies have an important role in reducing corruption, but there are many obstacles that prevented the completion of that role. The researcher suggests the need to issue strict legislation that enhances the role of these organs and facilitates their work, and the search for other state agencies to cooperate with them.