Journal of Al-Ma'moon College

The rainfall time series for Mosul and Kirkuk stations for a period of (81) years from (1937-2018) was studied statistically for long-term trends by applying the cumulative differences method. The results showed that there is a random fluctuation in the average annual total rainfall between higher and lower than the general average.

The research discussed Climate elements (Temperature- Humidity- Speed of Wind) and its relation determining the months of Comfortable temperature for the residents of Al Anbar province (Ramadi- Haditha- Qaim- Rutba) and knowing the effect of spatial difference in determine these months using the presumption of effective temperature (THI) and the cooling of wind (K), were the general months were determined upon day and night comfort.
The researcher depended the analysis course to evaluate the elements of climate, the research was divided into two sections, the first debated the theoretical frame and elements of research while the second section discussed quantum analyzing to determine the months of comfort and I finalized the research with results that clarified the existence of difference in the number of comfort months whether were the general, Day or Night and that the best months for tourism are in the spring or autumn, also I ended the research with recommendations most important acknowledging the non-comfort months and how to deal with it seriously in a way to protect human body and adapting ways in city grid plans as well as buildings plans that serves environment treatments to ease the harsh of non-comfort months.

Negotiable instruments (i.e bill of exchange ، promissory note and cheque) represent a great importance ranking in the circulation of wealth، as it contributes to facilitate exchanges and reduce risks and expenses. These instruments have outperformed the money often in roles it facilitated for people in many aspects of their lives. They have resulted in important economic functions to transfer money between countries، credits and meet the debt. But this speech of writers and commentators of law is common and comprehensive does not apply to the three types of papers accurately، but we found – according to the legal texts in force in most countries of the world in this field - that these jobs fluctuate from paper to another and even within the paper one from case to case. Which prompted us to study and explore the cases of origin and exceptions that are listed on every function of these functions within multiple instances of commercial papers، so we dividing the research into three sections singled out all the Study of the functions of the type of securities، while the deployment of all the Study of the two branches of the asset and the exception، we found that it is not without any absolute case of an exception or of a group of exceptions.

This study aims to reveal the reality of Industry 4.0 and its techniques and its role in improving the supply chain in the detergent production line in the Al-Ma’moon factory of the General Company for Food Industries، as the researched organization suffers from the inability to meet the increasing demand for solid detergent powder، due to reasons related to processing and transportation handling and production. Checklists of previous global studies were distributed to (12) responsible employees، to obtain useful insights about the best Industry 4.0 technologies that r+-epresent opportunities when adopted in the researched organization، and what improvements they bring to its supply chain. The study revealed a significant role that these technologies can play and recommended the adoption of a number of them.

The research aims to find an appropriate formula for the purpose of implementing maintenance based on reliability in order to reduce wasted time, effort and money in manufacturing operations and thus reduce costs and improve quality, and the General Company for Textile and Leather Industries / Cotton Factory in Kadhimiya was chosen for this purpose.
The study reached a number of important conclusions, the most prominent of which is that there is a great waste in the availability of the company, as well as a sharp decline in the rates of energy utilization, which leads as a result to an increase in the cost of products and, accordingly, their prices

This study dealt with the mediation contract in both Iraqi and Jordanian law, which is considered one of the most important commercial contracts, especially in the areas of buying and selling real estate, in addition to other commercial and economic fields. Where the researcher relied on the analytical and comparative approach in this study. The contract is considered one of the consensual and binding contracts for the two parties, and the broker’s obligation is to complete the implementation of the contract and not just conclude it. In return, there will be fees, i.e. fees paid to the broker with the agreement of the two parties, and the amount is either pre-determined or a percentage of the value of the deal. The mediation contract ends with the completion of the work assigned to the broker and sometimes it ends before its implementation due to the impossibility of implementation, if there is a situation such as bankruptcy or incapacity.
The study was divided into two sections, and each section into four demands. The first section included the nature of the commercial mediation contract, and the second section included the effects of the commercial mediation contract and its termination.
The researcher reached a number of results and recommendations, which will be mentioned later.

Cryptography is the best arrangement that compromises the imperative assurance from accidental people. Utilization of encryption and unraveling systems, cryptography may be changed over the information structure its lucid structure to indistinguishable one with the goal that main the planned recipient can peruse the letter and modify it. With these lines, any party may guarantee the authentication of a message that to be transmitted or put away with next to no alteration. The introduced work is worried about a specific kind of lopsided key cryptography called S_Affine cipher calculation to be utilized for discourse samples encoding and decoding. The discourse samples are scrambled by utilizing S_Affine cipher calculation all through encoding technique applied by the transporter and afterward communicated to the specific receiver. Then, the receiver will recuperate the first sign all through the unscrambling system.

A joint-stock company is classified as a capital company, because it is based on financial consideration, represented by paying the value of the shares that make up the company’s capital, unlike private companies that are based on personal consideration. For this reason, the shareholder in a joint-stock company is asked within the limits of the value of his shares that he subscribed to only.
As it is well known, the joint stock company is established in two ways: - The method of immediate incorporation and the method of successive incorporation. Most of the legislations have agreed on dividing the joint-stock company's capital by issuing negotiable securities, which are "shares" and "loan bonds".
The management of the joint-stock company is characterized by the legal organization, and its competencies are distributed among several bodies (the general assembly - which sets the company's policy), (the board of directors - which represents the executive authority) and (an auditor - whose task is to monitor and audit the budget and the decisions taken by the executive authorities).
In view of the characteristics of this company, represented in the fact that it is a financial company, and its name is derived from the activity that it engages in, as well as the distribution of specializations, limited liability for the company’s debts, trading and transfer of ownership of the shareholder’s shares to another shareholder or to a third party. It is necessary to know the legal organization of the shareholding company and the basis and legal position that the shareholder enjoys when the company is formed.
It is worth mentioning; the shareholder’s accession to the joint-stock company gives him rights and duties that form a legal position for him within this company that distinguishes him from the rest of the legal positions in it

This paper proposes a new method for improved optimization algorithms called Average and Subtraction Golden Search optimization (ASGSO) using “Average and Subtraction Based Optimizer (ASBO)” and “Golden Search optimization (GSO) Algorithms”. The proposed method is dependent on discovery the average and the subtraction of the population's best and worst features in the search space additionally to employing the transfer operator for changing the search from exploration to exploitation to guarantee a balance between them. To evaluate the proposed (ASGSO), twenty-three functions, which are represented as “unimodal, and multimodal” functions have been engaged to estimate the performance of the algorithm. Moreover, the proposed method is compared statistically with five metaheuristic algorithms using two criteria (mean and standard division). The results of the proposed optimization method are very beneficial to get the optimal solutions compared to other methods

Nanotechnology is emerging eventually in many fields of application, especially the medical application. Gold nanoparticles one of these nanomaterials and due to its unique properties such as chemical, physical and biological properties, it used in diagnostic and treatment of cancer. The aim of the present study is evaluation the efficacy of GNPs on two cell lines, mammary adenocarcinoma (AMN3) and human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), the cells were exposed to those particles at concentrations (4.5×1012-6×1010) for 24 hours.
The results revealed that GNPs can inhibit growth of cancer cells especially at higher concentrations more than low concentration, in the same time, the inhibition growth of mammary adenocarcinoma more than the cervical cells especially in the first and second concentrations, while in third and fourth concentration, the opposite occurred. We conclude from this study that Gold nanoparticles has inhibition effect on cancer cells and at different concentrations.

Due to its ability to effectively solve practical issues, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed a wide range of fields from type to another type. In contrast, this research looks at a different component of AI that extends beyond intelligence alone. We go into the world of spirit, emotion, self-awareness, and various aspects of life that distinguish living things from inert objects. Darwin's theory clarified the evolution from non-life to life over time, but it also raises intriguing concerns regarding the emergence of sentiments, emotions, and self-awareness. In this project, we intend to create a system or program that can progressively gather information from its environment and use this information to interact with the sensory inputs it gets. The computer will produce a special phenomenon termed "feeling" as a result of digesting and integrating this data, which will allow it to develop a sense of self-awareness.

This article examines the case for Anglo-Saxon as the foundation for a future universal language. With the rise of globalization and digital communication, the need for a common tongue is growing. Currently English serves this role as a lingua franca, but it is argued that its complex spelling and irregular grammar make it ill-suited for widespread adoption. The study analyzes the evolution of English from its Anglo-Saxon roots in the 5th century AD. It is shown that Old English had a much simpler and more phonetic orthography compared to modern English. Grammatical structures like verb conjugations were also more regular and consistent in Anglo-Saxon. Through examining surviving manuscripts and early dictionaries, the core Anglo-Saxon vocabulary is identified which underlies much of contemporary English. An experiment is presented where simplified spelling reforms are applied to modern English based on historical Anglo-Saxon conventions. Volunteers from different first language backgrounds are surveyed on their ability to decode and comprehend this revised "Anglo-Universal" language. The results demonstrate significantly lower learning curves compared to Standard English. It is concluded that streamlining English back to its original Anglo-Saxon foundations could create a global lingua franca that is far more phonetic, regular, and easier to learn than the status quo. Adopting a reconstructed Anglo-Saxon lexicon and orthography would help overcome barriers to learning caused by irregularities in modern English. This "Anglo-Universal" language could serve as a viable foundation for a single world tongue.