Al-Fatih journal

The problem of research is to answer the following question: Do exercises in accordance with learning patterns affect the development of mental rotation and learn some of the offensive skills of football for students? The aim of this study is to prepare exercises according to the learning styles of football for students, to know the effect of the exercises on learning patterns in the development of the mental rotation of football for students and to identify the preference of learning patterns in the development of mental rotation and learning the skills of handling and football. Exercises based on learning patterns have a positive impact on the development of mental cycling for students.
The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research in the manner of the three equal experimental groups as the appropriate method to solve the research problem and achieve its objectives.
The research sample included (30) students from the second grade students.
After processing the results obtained by the researcher concluded that the exercise according to the learning patterns applied to the three experimental groups had a positive impact in the development of mental rotation and learn some of the skills of handling and scoring in football.
In light of the conclusions reached by the researcher, it is recommended to use exercises according to the learning patterns in the lesson of physical education, so as to suit the age of students, as students need the atmosphere of competition and fun.

Children adore electronic games. They spend a lot of their time, which might reach to the extent of being addiction, on playing them because of the elements of excitement and challenge. Addiction to electronic games forms a great threat to children and can lead to psychological disorders because children spend most of their time playing. These games cannot build social relationships among individuals.
The current research aims to identify:
1) The level of addiction of kindergartens’ children to electronic games.
2) The level of addiction of kindergartens’ children to electronic games depending on the gender variable (male - female).
3) The comparison of the level of addiction of kindergartens’ children to electronic games according to the residential area in the cities of "Baquba and Al- Khalis".
To achieve this, the researchers adopted the analytical descriptive approach, where a measure of addiction to electronic games was built and obtained the validity and stability. The exploratory sample reached to 20 children randomly selected and re-tested.
The main sample consisted of (160) children (boys and girls) and randomly selected from four kindergartens, two from Baqouba district and two from Al-Khalis district; 20 children from each kindergarten. To tackle with the data of the research, the researchers adopted a number of the statistical means and the statistical package for social sciences SPSS. The following are the results:
1) There are no statistically significant differences between playing electronic games and addiction.
2) There are no statistically significant differences between playing electronic games according to the residential area in "Al- Khalis and Baquba" districts.
3) There are statistically significant differences between playing electronic games and sex in favor of males.
In the light of these results, the researchers came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions
Recommendations:
1) Directing the official authorities and the relevant regulatory bodies to pay attention to the dangers of electronic games and to establish controls and conditions for their use by children, similar to the countries of the world.
2) Alert the family "parents" to the physical, emotional and social risks of addiction to electronic games.
Suggestions:

1) Conducting an explanatory study to reduce addiction to electronic games.
2) Conducting a study to determine the level of spread of electronic games among children in advanced ages (9-12) years, for example in Diyala governorate.

The current research aims at identifying the reasons for enrollment of intermediate and middle school students to the private schools in Diyala Governorate. To achieve these goals, the researchers formulated the following questions:
1-What are the reasons for joining the private schools from the point of view of students?
2-Is there a difference in the reasons for enrollment of students in private schools according to gender variable (male, female)?
3-Is there a difference in the reasons for enrollment of students in private schools according to the variable housing (rural, city)
The research was conducted in Diyala Governorate / Iraq for the academic year (2017-2018). The researchers chose the descriptive research approach for this research, as well as the construction of the research tool. It is a questionnaire in four fields. Each field includes a number of paragraphs. To build the tool and analyze data such as the weighted mean and percentage, which led to the results of the identification of the reasons for joining the civil schools for the middle and middle schools, and reached a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

This study aimed to design a brief counseling program based on gratitude to increase positive thinking, and to verify the effectiveness of this program, and also to identify the continuity of the impact of this program through the results of follow-up measurement after a month to apply the program. The research sample consisted of (32) female students of education faculty at King Khalid university, their ages ranged between (18-20)years, with an average of age (18.81) year and a standard deviation of (0.64) randomly assigned in two groups experimental and control, each group consisting of (16) persons. Researchers applied Demographic data form, gratitude scale, positive thinking scale and brief counseling Program Based on gratitude( consisted of eight sessions), all these tools are prepared by the researchers. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences at (0.01) between the average

control and experimental groups in the post-measurement of gratitude and positive thinking in favor of the experimental group members, and there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between pre and post measurement in gratitude and positive thinking of the experimental group in favor of the post-measurement, in addition to there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group in the post and follow-up measurement in gratitude and positive thinking. The results were explained in light of the theoretical framework and the results of previous studies. The researchers also made a number of recommendations.

The researcher found that most female teachers suffer from a feeling of disorder in their body image and are not satisfied with it compared to the fashion news and the ideal weight standards. Some feel their neglect of themselves, and the thinness and the attempt to reach the ideal weight has become a concern. The study aimed to identify differences in the body image University of Diyala. The descriptive approach was followed to achieve the objective of the research. The sample of the study was selected from the teaching of Diyala University in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences and the Faculty of Education for Human Sciences and the Faculty of Basic Education were randomly selected.
The researcher concluded that there are statistically significant differences in favor of teaching practices for sports activities and that the university teaching staff in the departments of physical education and sports sciences have more satisfaction with the image of their bodies than the non-practicing teachers of sports activities because of their busyness and lack of time to practice sports activities. The researcher recommended that attention be paid to highlighting the variable body image and linking it to other psychological and personal variables, and that the body image is a personal factor and a manifestation of contemporary culture. The importance of regular and daily exercise is a motivation to maintain body agility and health in general. This in
turn increases self-esteem and increases self-confidence for all, especially women.

The aim of the study was to examine Big Five Personality factors as predictability of academic motivation dimintions among undergraduate students. To achieve the aim of the study, two scales were used; the first was Big Five Personality Factors Scale and the second was Academic Motivation Scale. To verify the suitability of the two scales for the measured trait, specialists' agreement validity was used and the correlation coefficients of the two scales were computed to verify reliability of the scales. The sample of the study consisted of (606) undergraduate students, of whom male (293) were male and (313) were female enrolling n King Saud University in the academic year 2017/2018 selected randomly. The results of the study indicated gender differences in neuroticism and conscientiousness personality factors, in favor of females. There were gender differences in total motivation and intrinsic motivation, in favor of females. It was found that openness to experience predicted intrinsic motivation and extraversion, neuroticism predicted extrinsic motivation. The results showed that extraversion and conscientiousness predicted total academic motivation

This paper entitled " The Efficiency of Using Wood Burning Technology in Implementing Design Printing Works in Graphics" aims at preparing an instructive unit in graphic printing by using the technique of wood burning which is innovated , but it is unemployed in implementing design printing works in graphics. This technique is used associatively with the traditional technique of manual digging on wood within the items of graphics subject which is taught in the third year at the Department of Art Education.
To measure the effect of this technique on the students' skillful performance in wood print. A proposed instructive unit was prepared by the researchers. This instructive unit was applied to the third year students at the Department of Art Education, evening studies ,college of Fine Arts ,during the first course of the academic year 2018-2019. The sample of the study consisted of 32 male and female students.
The researchers employed one-experimental group design to find out the impact of the invariable factor (the instructive unit) on the variable factor (the skill levels) of the students under study.
The results of the study revealed statistically significant difference between the students' mean scores in the pre-test and post -test in favor of the post-test . The study results showed the efficiency of the proposed unit and , consequently ,the technique
of wood burning accompanying the traditional technique of manual digging on wood taught within the subject of graphics.

The current research aims to know: "The relationship of reading comprehension to the academic achievement of second grade students is average." To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the following zero hypotheses:
1 - There is no statistically significant relationship between reading comprehension scores, and grades of academic achievement of the Arabic language in second graders.
2 - There is no statistically significant relationship between reading comprehension scores, and grades of academic achievement of the Arabic language in second grade students.
3 - There is no statistically significant relationship between reading comprehension scores, and grades of academic achievement of the Arabic language for last year among second grade students.
The current research is limited to the second grade students in the middle of the first year of the academic year 2016-2017. The second grade Arabic book and the final academic achievement for the first semester of the Arabic language for the basic research students for the academic year 2017/2018.
In order to achieve the sole goal of the research, the researcher chose descriptive research methodology. He then
defined the research community and chose the basic research sample of 100 students and 100 students. The researcher then developed a test to measure the reading comprehension component of 50 test paragraphs. After the application of the tool on the basic research sample and data collection, unloading and tabulation, and after the use of appropriate statistical methods, the three null hypotheses were rejected because there was a strong positive relationship between the reading comprehension and the academic achievement of the Arabic language for students as a whole and for students and students in private.
The researcher reached a number of conclusions, including: "There are no differences between the students and the extent of the relationship of reading comprehension of the achievement of the academic language of the Arabic language, there is a strong and positive relationship between the variables and both sexes," and reached several recommendations, the first of which: "the need to develop training programs to increase Understanding the students reading "The researcher also does not miss the search for proposals to complete scientific research in this field, including:" Conduct a similar study at the level of Diyala to stop clearly on the fact of the relationship of reading comprehension of academic achievement. "

social concepts in the arab- Islamic heritage and adapting them to the modern environment.

Research objectives: - The present research aims at drawing social concepts from Arab
Islamic heritage and adapting them to modern environment.
The importance of research: - Education is a social institution and is the first institution of man to transfer his culture and social heritage because it has specific goals and methods and means and forms specific by the community usually resist the society any deviation from the goals or methods that he wanted for himself, and include Islamic education in the Arab Islamic heritage on the two trends of Human nature is an individual tendency: It calls on the human being to excel, self-reliance, self-affirmation and social exclusion: the human tendency to be
integrated into the group, its consistency, subordination, pride, embracing its common beliefs and feelings, Subject to their social control and systems.
Therefore, the researcher highlighted some social concepts in the Arab-Islamic heritage through the statements of Islamic scholars and scholars.
Research procedures: - The researcher divided the current research into several chapters dealing with the first chapter (the problem of research - the importance of research - research objectives - research methodology and research limits)
The second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework of the research and previous studies.
The third chapter: - The researcher dealt with social concepts in the Arab-Islamic heritage.
Chapter Four: - The researcher dealt with the conclusions, recommendations and proposals.
The most important conclusions are:
- that man is created from the creatures of God in the earth, an individual in a group, and this makes him responsible for himself and his group.
2 - Islamic Education Belhasa is interested as a community community concerned with women and children because they are the basis of the society and its sustainability.
3 - Arab Islamic heritage rich in social concepts that would increase the strength of cohesion and compassion among members of the Arab community.
4 - Most Arab thinkers agreed on the independent entity of the individual within the community and he is responsible for himself and his actions that do not conflict with the traditions and customs of society.
5 - Most Arab thinkers agreed that the individual should live in a community that provides him with protection, safety and other necessary needs.
6 - Most Arab thinkers agreed not to encourage unity and isolation except in the necessities that require moving away from the group only in case the group corrupts him.
In the course of its historical movement and development, the society shall emphasize the task of drawing the specific features and image that each individual member should have.
8. Islamic education develops in the individual the innate aspect of man towards goodness and the provision of knowledge and development of the human will to choose the right and good.

Chronic stressors in employees lead to the loss of ability to cope and adapt with stress, Thus paving the way for the occurrence of varying degrees of psychological exhaustion, This current research attempts to measure psychological exhaustion in a sample of employees in the city of Erbil, while measuring the predictive capacity of some variables in relation to the psychological exhaustion of employees. The aims of this current study are to find: 1-Measuring the dimension of psychological exhaustion in employees within Erbil and evaluate its statistical characteristics. 2-Identify the statistical deference in psychological exhaustion of employees according to the following variables (gender, age, ministry, duration of service) 3-Measuring the ability of variables (gender, age, ministry, duration of service) to predict the psychological exhaustion of employees in Erbil City. To achieve the preceding goals, a scale has been constructed that consisting of three dimensions as follows (Physiology, Psychological – cognitive and social dimensions), the psychological exhaustion scale applied on a random sample of employees numbered (200) and SPSS has been used to process the data according to the research goals,
Result shows that, the sample of employees in Erbil city suffers from a high degree of psychological exhaustion. There are
statistical differences in the level of psychological exhaustion among employees according to the variable gender for the benefit of females. Also the result shows there is no significant deference according to age, and There are significant statistical differences in the psychological exhaustion among employees according to the Ministry’s variable and in favor of employees of the Ministry of Education. Also There are statistical differences among employees according to the variable (duration of service).Lastly the result shows that the variable of gender and ministry strongly predict the psychological exhaustion of employees.

The currenresearch is attempts to evaluate the final examinations of the students of faculty of education at Salahaddin Uneversity – Erbil . Also to find its statistical diffrerences in the level of evalutions according to the variables (gender , specialty). To achieve the goals , pilot questionnaire was sent to a group of educational and psychological specialists as well as to a group of students and a scale has been constructed that consist of (28) items with triple alternative for answering. The validity of the measure has beem verified and the test-retest reliability was (0.73) by using Alpha-Cronbach reached (0.81) , the measure applied on a sample of student male and female numbered (321) .They were chosen in a random stratified manner within the college of education and college of basic education .(person correlation , alpha-cronbach , Fisher Equation and chi square ) has been used to process the data according to the reaserch goals .Results shows that the examination questions are not comprehensive ,It dependes on memorizing and what they listened from the lecturers only and not varied also it dose not fit with students capability, there are no significant differences in there answering according to gender while result show a statistical deference according to their specialty in favor of humanities specialty

The study aims to define the effect of an Arabic prosody training program based on creative thinking skills of rooting and scansion of behers among the 4th level students of the Arabic department at King Abdulaziz University, compared to the traditional method of prosody education. Selected intentionally, the study sample consists of 50 female students; 25 female students in the control group and 25 female students in the experimental group during the academic year 2015/2016.
To achieve the study aim, the researcher designed the data collection tools, namely, six educational lists for the prosodic writing skills, meter and foot of the verse, two pre and post achievement test, and an observation card. The findings show that there is a difference of a statistical significance at (α ≥ 0.05) between both groups in favor of the Experiment Group which learned according to the training program. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference due to the age factor.
The study recommended the application of the training program in the education of Arabic prosody and poetic meter.

The basic element of the educational process is the teacher, which can not be successful except in his presence and be qualified educational and specialized, and it is known that the teacher is teaching students the way he learned and prepares his students with the current functions without giving them the opportunity to stimulate their minds and thoughts to face any new business The reason for the separation of teachers from the changing reality as well as from students, which led to the lack of opportunity for dialogue, which is an important means to complete knowledge and improve the process of education and evaluation of student From this perspective, universities and schools sought to develop the efficiency of teaching by various
means For possible through a number of projects and programs that come in the forefront of the test core competencies for teachers project in accordance with the overall quality standards
The current research aims to identify: -
1. _ The level of teaching efficiency for teachers the stage secondary.
2. _ The level of teaching efficiency according to the gender variable
3. -Total quality level for teachers the secondary stage.
4. Total quality level according to the gender variable
5. - the efficiency of teaching and its relationship to the total quality standards for teachers the secondary stage.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers prepared the first tools (teaching efficiency) and identified (5) areas for this measure, namely: efficiency in maintaining the system, motivation, taking into consideration students, cooperation, planning and evaluation. (Teaching aids, classroom management, human relations, scientific, teaching methods) and the truth and stability and the extraction of the correlation coefficient between the score of each paragraph with the total score was removed, and paragraph (19) was not deleted (1,03) and became (41) , And the TQM indicates that all paragraphs are applicable except for paragraph (20,34), which is not the case It became (45), paragraph
The researchers also applied the tools: a sample of teachers and teachers of 30 teachers and 120 schools with a total of 150. After the statistical processing of the data using a single sample test and two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient and the tertiary correlation test, The following results:
1. The teaching efficiency of school students was high and positive.
2. -There is no gender impact in teaching efficiency.
3. -The overall quality of teachers and teachers is high.
4. There is no effect for gender on the application of TQM.
5. -There is a positive and statistically significant correlation between teaching efficiency and overall quality
Concerning results, the two researchers have found out a set of recommendations and suggestions.

This study was conducted at the University of Diyala College of Basic Education, Department of Geography for the academic year 2018-2019. The aim of this study was to identify The Eeffect of using Notebooks Exchange Method in The Achievement for Third year Students at College of Basic Education the researchers choose the college of Basic Education at Diyala University from among the Colleges in Iraq Only two sections among third year sections to represent the section (A) representing the experimental group and the section (b) representing the control group. The final total number sample of students was (100male and female ) students about (50 male and female) students in the experimental group whom studied dictation using the method of notebook exchange and (50 male and female)students in the control group studied using the traditional way..
The researchers equaled between the students of the two groups in the variables of the previous information in the dictation ,ability of language. The researchers formulated the behavioral aims and prepared the model teaching plans for the students of the two groups. The researchers prepared an achievement test containing ( 20items) of multiple choice type to prove the validity and objectivity of the test. The experiment lasted (8 weeks), during that the researchers studied studied the students in the experimental and control groups. The T-test was used for two independent samples Ki- square, Pearson correlation coefficient and statistical methods in research procedures and analysis of results. At the end of the experiment, the researchers applied the achievement test and concluded that the students of the experimental group were superior to the students of the control group

The decided curricula for the learning stages is an important phase. The current study aims at building and applying a model for the evaluation of the Arabic language curriculum for the preparatory stage. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical and survey method. The research community and its sample were a number of the male and female teachers of the Arabic language. There are six fields to evaluate the curriculum thus the study content needs to be evaluated every four to six years to make some of the amendments or deletions or additions according to the aims and according to each new and useful information and skills that serve the learner and increase the usefulness and effectiveness of the language. The researcher used the Delphi method as well as a number of statistical rules to arrive at a final building of the model in the round of the three questionnaires to construct the evaluating model. The final number of the items of the model reached to (121) items. Then, the researcher conducted the procedures of applying the model after reaching to the final during the period from (9/10/2017) To 9/12/2017) to achieve the goal of the research which was the evaluation of the curriculum of the Arabic language in the preparatory stage. In order to fitful the need of answering the questionnaire, each member of the sample should read each item and indicate the degree of evaluation by seeing the availability of the content of the item in the curriculum in accordance with a triple scale (agree, agree to a certain extent, disagree), to take degrees (3, 2, 1) respectively. In the light of the results of the research, the researcher reaches to the conclusion that the items of each of the six areas included in the current research can form an integrated system of evaluation. The researcher recommends to adopt the model reached by the researcher in the research by the Ministry of Education and its directorates. The researcher
suggestes conducting an applied study of the model reached by the researcher.

Education is a basic requirement in the life of the individual being one of the elements of human development. It contributes to the advancement and progress of the nations, so, it is necessary to pay attention to it and to focus on the ethics of this profession which is represented by a group of principles that the teacher must apply and adhere to. Thus, the researcher see the necessity to conduct a study about education ethics.
The study aims to identify the ethics of the teaching profession for the high school teachers in the light of contemporary challenges from the viewpoints of their students. Also, it aims to identify the level of the application of education ethics profession of high school teachers in the light of contemporary challenges from the viewpoint of their students according to the gender variable.
The researchers adopted the tool of Al-Zaebi – 2013 and its adaptation to the reality of education in the schools of Diyala province after conducting the psychometric characteristics of the tool of the research. The tool was applied to a sample composed of (120) male and female students from high schools in the city of Baquba.
After collecting the data to be statistically processed, the researcher used the law of the weighted average to order the ethics in descending or ascending order. Also, T- test of the two independent samples is used. It was concluded that there are
differences of statistical significance because the calculated T value is greater than the T-table value and the difference is in favor of the males who were more keen and focused on the performance of the teacher and they were able to diagnose the weaknesses in the application of ethics that concern the profession of education.
The researchers recommend:
- The need to conduct symposiums and seminars to raise teachers’ awareness of the ethics of the profession of education. Many of the teaching cadres may be ignorant of many of the ethics staff ethics linked to the profession of education.
- Following up the educational staff by the school administration and the department of educational supervision in order to correct their course towards quality education by applying the ethics of the teaching profession.
The researchers suggest conducting similar study on the ethics of the teaching profession among high school teachers between the teachers of the high school and the schools of the middle of Iraq and those of the south.

This study aims at preparing The Effect of Cognitive-Spatial-Sensory Exercises in a Random Way in Learning the Skills of Passing and Scoring in Futsal among the Second Intermediate Students, as well as investigating the effect of The Effect of Cognitive-Spatial-Sensory Exercises in a Random Way in Learning the Skills of Passing and Scoring in Futsal among the Second Intermediate Students.
The researchers used the experimental approach to suit the research problem and its objectives. The sample was randomly selected by the draw of the second graders from three sections (a), (b), (c) that represent (105) students, representing (a) the experimental group and (b) the control group. The total number of sample (30 students). The research tools were tests of the skills of passing and scoring.
After performing the pretest tests, applying the exercises to the members of the experimental group, and then applying the posttests and obtaining the data, the researchers used the statistical suit (SPSS) to process them and obtain the results, the study found that :The cognitive- sensory exercises of the place in a random way used positively affected the learning of students aged (13-15) years on the skills of passing and scoring in futsal

The current research aims at identifying the effect of Biggs’ model on the achievement of the fifth grade/ literary section students in the literature and literary texts lesson. The experimental approach is chosen to achieve this aim. The center of Diyala governorate is chosen to be the place for conducting the study. Students of preparatory schools in the center of the governorate are chosen to be the community of the research.
The sample of the study is chosen to be the students of the fifth grade of preparatory school/ literary section who study at Dhirar Bin Al- Azwar preparatory school for the academic year 2018- 2019. The sample has been chosen randomly and it is composed of two groups; the first is composed of (35) students and it represents the experimental group and the second group is composed of (32) students and it represents the control group.
The students who failed in the previous year have been excluded and in this way, the overall number of the experimental group becomes (29) students and (27) students for the control group. The final form of the sample is composed of (56) students. An equivalence of the achievements of the previous year and the age of the students is conducted. The achievement test is chosen to be the tool of the research. At the end of the experiment, the researcher uses the appropriate statistic tools. He concludes that there exists a difference on the behalf of the experimental group. In the light of this result, the researcher sets a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current study aims at examining the preparatory school students' use of the various types of Arabic sentences in composition and the ability of diversifying such sentences to increase the aesthetics of the subjects they are writing and demonstrate the extent of their language proficiency and expressive abilities in writing
So, the aim of the current research is to identify the types of sentences used by students in their composition writings, as the researcher identified the types of sentences that may be included in the students' writings. He then identified his research community with the students of Baquba city. He chose a group of students to represent the original sample which consisted of (100) students from three schools in Baquba center. Accordingly, the researcher identified the students' writings and then analyzed them and categorized them according to the specific research goal. After completing the data in a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, he analyzed the data and calculated the frequencies that appeared for the types of sentences used by the students in their writings. The research exposed that the types of sentences specified in the form appeared with different and various frequencies ranking respectively from the first to the last sentence as in (the first rank is the verb phrase whose verb is in the past tense, then the prepositional phrase, noun phrase comes later, and then again the verb phrase comes with present tense, and finally, the interrogative comes and the adverbial clause).
After the researcher presented the results that appeared to try to explain the emergence of these frequencies and percentages depending on the experience of education and reference to the literature and sources that are concerned with the subject was interpretation of the results chapter For a recent research. He then recommended a number of recommendations and proposed a number of suggestions hoping that those responsible for education would get benefit from in conducting future studies that would increase the development of Arabic language in education and other disciplines.

This study investigates the effectiveness of implementing constructivist principles in teaching reading to Kurdish EFL students. The study employs a quasi-experimental design, which involves a control group and an experimental group. The former group was taught traditionally, while the latter was taught in accordance with constructivist pedagogy. The results revealed that the constructivist intervention positively affected the students’ reading skill in the experimental group. They outperformed their peers in the control group who were taught traditionally. These results testify the assumption that the application is expedient to cultivate students’ reading skills. The study ends up with putting forward some conclusions.