Al-Madarat Scientific Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

Public facilities represent great importance in any country, and preserving them from any aggression or transgression represents the element of their permanence by providing their services to the public. However, the phenomenon of illegal constructions in Iraq, including Al-Anbar Governorate, has become a serious scourge that affects the efficiency of public utilities. The aim of our research is to shed light on these institutions and how abuses can be addressed in accordance with the current Iraqi laws, and how these abuses can be addressed after they have become a burden on the provision of services, especially after they have become a theater that distorts the landscape of cities, especially after 2003. When the state became weak and there was no law to hold violators accountable. It became clear to us through that study that the problem with the exacerbation of the spread of illegal construction is the lack of cultural awareness of the citizen, the non-compliance with the law, and the absence of a deterrent force. The other problem represented in the position of the leader of some committees to remove illegal construction, who was assigned as a result of quotas to a local figure from the same city, which makes it hard for him to remove the illegal constructions, so he avoids the enforcement of the law, which caused the spread and exacerbation of this phenomenon. We took statistics from some Anbar municipalities as a model for those numbers.

The judiciary is generally seen as the protective shield for all rights in the country, including intellectual property rights. Therefore, it must be surrounded by a legislative organization that can accurately implement the development that affects most aspects of life and is reflected in local technical means that bridge distances and facilitate interaction. Therefore, we look forward to the recognition in this study of the concept of electronic justice, which has emerged in the arena of judicial work in several countries, especially Iraq, This movement started gradually in the direction of technological development, so we decided to highlight the possibility of establishing an electronic judiciary specialized specifically in intellectual property disputes, and to identify its advantages that are reflected in the judicial system in general and intellectually. Property rights in particular, and specifically through researching the Iraqi legislation that controls the course of the process and those that regulate intellectual property rights to shed light on the extent to which these legislations address the electronic litigation process with the aim of filling the deficiency in judgments. Of the legislation that regulates the process of litigation in the scope of intellectual property, which is almost non-existent in the first place, Since the Iraqi legislation generally refers to the possibility of introducing modern technology in some court procedures, it is necessary to take advantage of these references and employ them in a way that serves the competent electronic justice system and prevents delays in resolving disputes. In a manner that does not contradict the nature of intellectual property rights and is consistent with its objectivity as distinct rights from the rights of its counterparts. Being characterized by a personal and material side gives her privacy in dealing.

Recently, the world has witnessed numerous violations of human rights at the international level. And the threat of committing serious crimes against many innocent people was investigated by international criminals, as the crimes are wrongful acts that violate the law of protected rights, and the society witnessed pictures of heinous crimes. Millions have been victims of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Although the international community has established international and regional systems to protect human rights for many reasons, people have disappeared in countries that have been subjected to these systematic practices by terrorist individuals or organizations, often perpetrated by opponents of ruling regimes, Where people are taken to unknown places to get rid of them and hide the identity of the perpetrator who committed the crime to avoid punishment; Therefore, the international community has spared no effort in combating this criminal phenomenon, preventing it and punishing its perpetrators. This also requires the establishment of an international criminal court to punish human rights violations, which must be protected in all international agreements. Thus, world public opinion began to demand the need to establish an international criminal justice system, as it is no longer acceptable for immunity to be a reward for those who commit most international crimes and human rights violations. In addition to many of them, there are those who have been able to face the flight of special courts, and there are other criminals who have not been brought to justice for their crimes in many internal disputes.

The research in the legality of the electronic evidence that generated by the criminal inspection have a great importance in establishing the forensic evidence, which is useful in showing the true face of many electronic crimes, which are usually in the form of electrical or magnetic impulses that can be analyzed by special programs and applications so that they are a digital component. Its provides a variety of information Such as pictures, sounds, shapes, drawings, or written texts. The subject was discussed through two chapters, the first is to determine the legality of the electronic evidence existence, and the second is to indicate the legality of obtaining the electronic evidence that derived from the inspection. We have also shown the many difficulties facing the search for the electronic evidence, whether related to the crime, the electronic evidence, or what is related to the offender, the victim, or others. of other difficulties. Then we showed the most important results that we reached through the research and the most important recommendations that the Iraqi legislator can adopt in enriching the penal code.

Cybercrime against children is one of the most serious types of cybercrime that threatens the safety and lives of children, these crimes include children sexual exploitation; electronic sexual harassment; exposing children to pornographic and immoral material; incitement to suicide and violence; electronic fraud, etc. These crimes are committed by using the Internet and social media to communicate with children, exploiting their vulnerability and lack of awareness of the dangers of the Internet and its impact on their lives, and cybercrimes against children are one of the global problems that pose a threat to the safety and lives of children, these crimes requires international cooperation and coordination between states, government agencies, international organizations and civil society to raise awareness of the dangers of the Internet in order to protect children from these crimes.

The Maliki scholars in Iraq had a great impact on social life in the Abbasid era, which was evident through their contribution to social solidarity, such as spending on students of knowledge and scholars, the poor and needy, orphans and widows, pilgrims to the Sacred House of God, paying off debts on behalf of debtors, enjoining good and forbidding evil, and attending The social events of the statesmen, such as the events of the marriage contract, wedding ceremonies، washing the dead and praying for them، and the efforts of the statesmen to ward off harm from people, and the people of knowledge sharing their joys and sorrows; These posts were characterized by depth and seriousness. Through their standing at the limits of God Almighty in their social behavior and their treatment of people , from this great source of origins for the Islamic faith, their societal contributions branched out and diversified; This had its impact on strengthening the bonds of the Arab-Islamic society and preserving its entity intact and healthy, and it undoubtedly increased the status of scholars in their societies and their influence in its circles.

The aim of the research is to identify oil prices in the international market and the main factors affecting them, to conduct a realistic study of the general budget of Iraq and to analyze the impact of falling oil prices on the general budget of the country's economy. Based on quarterly time series data for the period (2004-2020). By using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results of the study showed that there is a strong relationship between the fluctuations in oil prices and the deficit in the general budget of the Iraqi economy. The results of the study showed that there is a close relationship between fluctuations in oil prices and the general budget deficit of the Iraqi economy. The research concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to reduce dependence on crude oil and its exports in financing the general budget, as well as activating the role of supportive sectors of the economy and increasing their contribution to the formation of the gross domestic product, in order to build a manufacturing base that helps provide basic financing for the total budget.

The pharmaceutical industries are among the important strategic and chemical industries, which enjoy support and attention from all countries of the world as they directly affect human health and life. The hardships and wars that the country went through, which leads to resorting to an import process from abroad, which drains tens of billions of dollars. The research aims to analyze the added value of the foreign exchange standard of the General Company for the manufacture of medicines and medical supplies in Samarra

The health sector in Iraq is of great importance as it is directly linked to the lives of citizens. Based on this importance, this investigation sheds light on the issue of the sustainability of public health services and taking into account the requirements of this sustainability, which permanently affects the provision of these services to different groups of society, especially in times of health crises, environmental and climatic disasters and the like, with remarkable research that also aims to uncover the mechanisms through which the above-mentioned sustainability is implemented and highlight the main factors affecting the provision of health care in Iraq. On this basis, it was hypothesized that the factors surrounding the health care sector had a negative impact on the sustainability of health care services at levels consistent with the expectations of many in society