Journal of Engineering

Many researchers tried to prevent or reduce moisture damage and its sensitivity to temperature to
improving the performance of hot mix asphalt because it is decreasing the functional and structural
life of fixable pavement due to the moisture damage had exposed to it.
The main objective of this study is to inspect the effect of (fly ash “3%, 6%, 12%”, hydrated
lime”5%, 10%, 20%” and silica fumes”1%, 2%, 4%) referring to previous research by the net
weight asphalt cement as a modified material on the moisture and temperature sensitivity of hot mix
asphalt. This was done using asphalt from AL-Nasiria refinery with penetration grade 40-50,
nominal maximum size (12.5) mm (surface course) of aggregate and one type of mineral fillers
(limestone dust) with 7%.
To achieve the requirements of this study, the indirect tensile strength test according to (AASHTO
T 283) criteria and compressive strength test were adopted to evaluate the index of retained strength
according to (ASTM D 1075) to identify the moisture damage as well as indirect tensile strength
test to evaluate sensitivity to temperature of the hot mix asphalt using modification and net asphalt.
These tests showed that there is a significant evolution in the resistance to moisture damage and
decrease in the sensitivity to temperature of hot mix asphalt with modifying asphalt compared to the
reference mixture.

This study investigates the improvement of Iraqi atmospheric gas oil characteristics which
contains 1.402 wt. % sulfur content and 16.88 wt. % aromatic content supplied from Al-Dura
Refinery by using hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process using Ti-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 prepared
catalyst in order to achieve low sulfur and aromatic saturation gas oil. Hydrodearomatization
(HDA) occurs simultaneously with hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process. The effect of titanium
on the conventional catalyst Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 was investigated by physical adsorption and
catalytic activity test.Ti-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared under vacuum impregnation
condition to ensure efficient precipitation of metals within the carrier γ-Al2O3. The loading
percentage of metals as oxide; titanium oxide 3 wt. %, nickel oxide 5 wt. % and molybdenum
oxide 12 wt. %. The performance of the synthesized catalyst for removing sulfur and aromatic
saturation were tested at various temperatures 275 to 350°C, LHSV 1 to 4h-1, constant pressure
40 bar and H2/HC ratio 500 ml/ml.Results showed that the sulfur and aromatic content were
reduced at all operating conditions. Maximum sulfur removal was 75.52 wt. % in gas oil on Ti
Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 at temperature 350˚C, LHSV 1h-1, while minimum aromatic content achieved
was 15.6 wt. % at the same conditions.

Taguchi experimental design (TED) is applied to find the optimum effectiveness of aqueous
Red Pomegranate Peel (RPP) extract as a green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 2M
H3PO4 solution. The Taguchi methodology has been used to study the effects of changing,
temperature, RPP concentration and contact period, at three levels. Weight-loss measurements
were designed by construction a L9 orthogonal arrangement of experiments. Results of the
efficiencies of inhibition were embraced for the signal to noise proportion & investigation of
variance (ANOVA). The results were further processed with a MINITAB-17 software
package to find the optimal conditions for inhibitor usage. Second order polynomial model
was used for experimental data fitting. Optimum conditions for achieving the maximum
corrosion inhibition efficiency are obtained from optimizing the above model and are found
as follow: 39.66 °C temperature of acidic media, 38.29 ml/L inhibitor concentration and 2.95
h contact period. Results demonstrated that rate of corrosion was increased with temperature
increasing & decreasing inhibitor concentration. It was concluded that the Taguchi design
was adequately useful in the optimization of operating parameters and that RPP sufficiently
inhibited the corrosion of steel at the range of variables studied.

An aim of this research is to develop mechanical properties of a new alloy aluminium-lithium
copper which is prepared by casting under control atmosphere in a permanent metal mould. The
mechanical properties (impact, elasticity modulus, tensile strength and fatigue) with
microstructure were examined before and after heat treatment. The research outcome showed
that the modulus of elasticity of the prepared alloy is higher than standard alloy about 2%. While
the alloy that heat treated for 6 h and cooled in water, showed a higher ultimate tensile stress
comparing with as-cast alloy. The homogenous heat treatment gives best fatigue behaviour
comparing with as-cast and other heat treatment alloys. Also, the impact test illustrates that the
homogeneous heat treatment alloy gives the highest value.

Applying load to a structural member may result in a bottle-shaped compression field especially
when the width of the loading is less than the width of bearing concrete members. At the Building
and Construction Department – the University of Technology-Iraq, series tests on fibre reinforced
concrete specimens were carried out, subjected to compression forces at the top and bottom of the
specimens to produce compression field. The effects of steel fibre content, concrete compressive
strength, transverse tension reinforcement, the height of test specimen, and the ratio of the width of
loading plate to specimen width were studied by testing a total of tenth normal strength concrete
blocks with steel fibre and one normal strength concrete block without steel fibres. Based on
experimental results; all the test specimens failed with the splitting of concrete directly under the
loading plate. Increased the uniaxial compressive strength of concrete increases the maximum
bearing capacity of compressive stresses. The load-transverse deformation initially behaves linearly
and shows some nonlinearity before failure. Addition of steel fibre to normal strength concrete or
presence of transverse reinforcement, delay the reaching of maximum compressive stress after the
presence of the first crack.

Multilateral wells require a sophisticated type of well model to be applied in reservoir simulators
to represent them. The model must be able to determine the flow rate of each fluid and the pressure
throughout the well. The production rate calculations are very important because they give an
indication about some main issues associated with multi-lateral wells such as one branch may
produce water or gas before others, no production rate from one branch, and selecting the best
location of a new branch for development process easily.
This paper states the way to calculate production rate of each branch of a multilateral well-using
multi-segment well model. The pressure behaviour of each branch is simulated dependent on
knowing its production rate. This model has divided a multi-lateral well into an arbitrary number of
segments depending on the required degree of accuracy and run time of the simulator.
The model implemented on a field example (multi-lateral well HF-65ML) in Halfaya Oil
Field/Mishrif formation. The production rate and pressure behaviour of each branch are simulated
during the producing interval of the multilateral well. The conclusion is that production rate of the
main branch is slightly larger than a lateral branch.

L1 adaptive controller has proven to provide fast adaptation with guaranteed transients in a
large variety of systems. It is commonly used for controlling systems with uncertain time
varying unknown parameters. The effectiveness of L1 adaptive controller for position control
of single axis has been examined and compared with Model Reference Adaptive Controller
(MRAC). The Linear servo motor is one of the main constituting elements of the x-y table
which is mostly used in automation application. It is characterized by time-varying friction and
disturbance.
The tracking and steady state performances of both controllers have been assessed for two
different types of input signals ramp and step inputs. The simulated results based on MATLAB
(2012a) package showed that L1 adaptive controller could outperform MRAC in terms of
robustness and tracking.

Baghdad city has been faced numerous issues related to freshwater environment deteriorations
due to many reasons, mainly was the discharge of wastewater without adequate treatment. Al
Rustamiya Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) have been constructed among many plants in
Baghdad city to reduce the amount of wastewater discharged into natural environment and its
subsequent adverse effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the plant
which consist of a conventional activated sludge (CAS) and sequencing batch reactors (SBR)
systems as secondary treatment units and its ability to meet Iraqi specifications. A reliability
level determination and analysis also were conducted to find the plant's stability and its
capability to produce effluents that met the local standards. Coefficient of Reliability (COR)
determination was done for effluent's concentrations of BOD5, COD, and TSS obtained from Al
Rustamiya WWTP for two years' data operation (2015-2016), using Iraqi standards
concentrations. Generally, the results showed the effectiveness of Al-Rustamiya WWTP-(CAS
and SBR system) was a major concern due to inadequate sewage treatment and that the plant
effluents of both systems selected parameters BOD5, COD and TSS are not meeting the Iraqi
standards due to many problems mainly were operational problems result in overall poor
performance.

General Directorate of Surveying is considered one of the most important sources of maps in
Iraq. It produced digital maps for whole Iraq in the last six years. These maps are produced from
different data sources with unknown accuracy; therefore, the quality of these maps needs to be
assessed. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the positional accuracy of digital maps that
produced from General Directorate of Surveying. Two different study areas were selected: AL
Rusafa and AL-Karkh in Baghdad / Iraq with an area of 172.826 and 135.106 square kilometers,
respectively. Different statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the elements of positional
accuracy assessment (mean µ, root mean square error RMSE, minimum and maximum errors).
According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the maps of the General Directorate of
Surveying can be used in reconnaissance or in works that require low or specified positional
accuracy (eg. ±5m), and it cannot be used for applications need high accuracy (e.g. precise
surveying).

Induction motor faces various stresses during operation conditions. The conditions of
monitoring, diagnosis of faults and protection become needful in order to avert tragic failures.
The stator winding faults are usually related with insulation failures which are generally known
inter turn, line-to-ground, line-to-line and loss phase faults. Discrete and packet wavelet
transforms can be employed to extract certain features for induction motor line currents to
diagnosis between the healthy and faulty conditions and detect the type of fault. This paper
proposes a current signature from the second level of decomposition ( and . The
mother wavelet is chosen according to mean square error (MSR) technique, while the optimal
level of resolution is chosen according to non-normalized Shannon entropy criterion. The
Matlab-simulation results reflect that the proposed signature method has the ability to detect and
discriminate the fault within quarter cycle (using Laptop computer,Windows_7,Matlab_R2010a).

Recently new trends of mosques’ architecture have appeared. These trends differed from those
of traditional ones in charictaristics which include two and three dimentional level. The
traditional mosques' architecture are affected by several factors, so the research problem is (lack
of knoweledge about factors forming traditional mosques' architecture and its effect on
contemporary trends of mosques' architecture).The hypotheses of research is (the functional,
aesthetic and symbolic religious factors of style are the most active factors in forming
contemporary trends of mosques' architecture than religious and environmental factor).The
research conclusion is that the symbolic functional factor is most effective factor in forming the
layout of contemporary trends of mosques architecture while aesthetic and symbolic religious
factors represent the factors that form main prayer hall and formal level of new trends.