Journal of Engineering

This paper proposes a new method to tune a fractional order PID controller. This method
utilizes both the analytic and numeric approach to determine the controller parameters. The
control design specifications that must be achieved by the control system are gain crossover
frequency, phase margin, and peak magnitude at the resonant frequency, where the latter is a new
design specification suggested by this paper. These specifications results in three equations in
five unknown variables. Assuming that certain relations exist between two variables and
discretizing one of them, a performance index can be evaluated and the optimal controller
parameters that minimize this performance index are selected. As a case study, a third order
linear time invariant system is taken as a process to be controlled and the proposed method is
applied to design the controller. The resultant control system exactly fulfills the control design
specification, a feature that is laked in numerical design methods. Through matlab simulation,
the step response of the closed loop system with the proposed controller and a conventional PID
controller demonstrate the performance of the system in terms of time domain transient response
specifications (rise time, overshoot, and settling time).

Numerical study has been conducted to investigate the thermal performance
enhancement of flat plate solar water collector by integrating the solar collector with metal foam
blocks.The flow is assumed to be steady, incompressible and two dimensional in an inclined
channel. The channel is provided with eight foam blocks manufactured form copper. The
Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy model is utilized to simulate the flow in the porous
medium and the Navier-Stokes equation in the fluid region. The energy equation is used with
local thermal equilibrium (LTE) assumption to simulate the thermofield inside the porous
medium. The current investigation covers a range of solar radiation intensity at 09:00 AM, 12:00
PM, and 04:00 PM on the 8th of July 2016 under Iraq climate conditions, and a range of Reynolds
number of (207 reduction in the absorber plate temperature and the possible enhancement in the heat transfer
coefficient is more than 80% and as a result, the collector exhaust temperature will increase.

Mishrif Formation is the main reservoir in Amara Oil Field. It is divided into three units
(MA, TZ1, and MB12). Geological model is important to build reservoir model that was
built by Petrel -2009. FZI method was used to determine relationship between porosity and
permeability for core data and permeability values for the uncored interval for Mishrif
formation. A reservoir simulation model was adopted in this study using Eclipse 100. In this
model, production history matching executed by production data for (AM1, AM4) wells
since 2001 to 2015. Four different prediction cases have been suggested in the future
performance of Mishrif reservoir for ten years extending from June 2015 to June 2025. The
comparison has been made between these different cases to select the best case for
developing the field that gives the highest recovery factor. The case-4 was chosen to be the
best case involved adding 20 vertical production wells, 5 horizontal production wells and 5
vertical injection wells in the reservoir with plateau rate of 50MSTB/D in starting of
prediction and dropping to reach 13.5 MSTB/D in end of the prediction and the cumulative
production from the reservoir equal to 82 MMSTB and recovery factor reaching 9.06% at
the end of 2025.

In oil and gas well cementing, a strong cement sheath is wanted to insure long-term safety of the
wells. Successful completion of cementing job has become more complex, as drilling is being done
in highly deviated and high pressure-high temperature wells. Use of nano materials in enhanced oil
recovery, drilling fluid, oil well cementing and other applications is being investigated. This study is
an attempt to investigate the effect of nano materials on oil well cement properties. Two types of
nano materials were investigated, which are Nano silica (>40 nm) and Nano Alumina (80 nm) and
high sulfate-resistant glass G cement is used. The investigated properties of oil well cement included
compressive strength, thickening time, density, free water and rheological properties. All tests are
conducted according to API specification and proceed in Laboratory of Drilling in Petroleum
Technology Department in University of Technology and in Missan Oil Company. The
experimental results show that NS and NAL behave like accelerators when added to cement and
work to increase the compressive strength at 38°C but these increasing in compressive strength
changes when the temperature is increased to 60°C. Also, adding NS and NAL lead to increasing in
rheological parameter and reduce free water but the change in density is very small. The results
show that the effect of NAL on compressive strength and thickening time is greater than the effect
of NS but the effect of NS on free water and rheology is greater than the effect of NAL.

An experimental study was conducted on pressure drop of water flow through vertical
cylindrical packed beds in turbulent region and the influence of the operating parameters on its
behavior. The bed packing was made of spherical and non-spherical particles (spheres, Rasching
rings and intalox saddle) with aspect ratio range 3.46 D/dp 8.486 obtaining bed porosities
0.396 0.84 and Reynolds number 1217 21758. The system is consisted of 5 cm
inside diameter Perspex column, 50 cm long; distilled water was pumped through the bed with
flow rate 875, 1000, 1125, 1250,1375 and 1500 l/h and inlet water temperature 20, 30, 40 and 50
˚C. The packed bed system was monitored by using LabVIEW program, were the results have
been obtained from Data Acquisition Adaptor (DAQ).

Storage tanks condition and integrity is maintained by joint application of coating and cathodic
protection. Iraq southern region rich in oil and petroleum product refineries need and use plenty of
aboveground storage tanks. Iraq went through conflicts over the past thirty five years resulting in
holding the oil industry infrastructure behind regarding maintenance and modernization. The primary
concern in this work is the design and implementation of cathodic protection systems for the
aboveground storage tanks farm in the oil industry.
Storage tank external base area and tank internal surface area are to be protected against corrosion
using impressed current and sacrificial anode cathodic protection systems. Interactive versatile
computer programs are developed to provide the necessary system parameters data including the anode
requirements, composition, rating, configuration, etc. Microsoft-Excel datasheet and Visual Basic.Net
developed software were used throughout the study in the design of both cathodic protection systems.
The case study considered in this work is the eleven aboveground storage tanks farm situated in al
Shauiba refinery in southern IRAQ. The designed cathodic protection systems are to be installed and
monitored realistically in the near future. Both systems were designed for a life span of (15-30) years,
and all their parameters were within the internationally accepted standards.

Information about soil consolidation is essential in geotechnical design. Because of the time
and expense involved in performing consolidation tests, equations are required to estimate
compression index from soil index properties. Although many empirical equations concerning soil
properties have been proposed, such equations may not be appropriate for local situations. The aim
of this study is to investigate the consolidation and physical properties of the cohesive soil. Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) has been adapted in this investigation to predict the compression index and
compression ratio using basic index properties. One hundred and ninety five consolidation results
for soils tested at different construction sites in Baghdad city were used. 70% of these results were
used to train the prediction ANN models and the rest were equally divided to test and validate the
ANN models. The performance of the developed models was examined using the correlation
coefficient R. The final models have demonstrated that the ANN has capability for acceptable
prediction of compression index and compression ratio. Two equations were proposed to estimate
compression index using the connecting weights algorithm, and good agreements with test results
were achieved.

The research represents an applied study to the urban scene of Baghdad city center within the area of
(Al Bab Al Sharqi – Al Tahrir Square) through studying and identifying the levels of the reciprocal
correlation of advertising signs impact on urban scene , then finding out the indicators and potential
values which have made advertising signs as positive value by achieving the mechanisms of visual quality
or a negative value by achieving mechanisms of visual pollution. And then examining the resulted visual
perception defect reforming mechanism from it and identify the basic elements represented of the laws
and legislation known worldwide.
When presenting the problem, The research depends on: (Lack of clear perception about the definition of
advertising signs concept and their design characteristics (Semantic) impact on achieving the relationship
of perceptual contact with the individual (recipient) in addition to its contribution in enhancing the visual
quality and reducing the visual pollution situation on urban scene of the cities centers. In order to solve the research problem, the objective outlined as follows:
(Reaching to building up an integrated theoretical model, by which the foundations and mechanisms of
the main act of advertising signs are determined as communication and perception act between the
individual (recipient) and urban scene , and their impact level on the scene in accordance with the concept
of visual quality and visual pollution).
The research hypothesis is as follows: (Lack of harmony in the advertising signs' design characteristics
(Semantic) affects the efficiency of their performance as a communicational and perceptual act, and on
diminishing the visual quality and increasing the visual pollution situation in urban scene of cities
centers).
The research reached to a number of conclusions, mainly: Baghdad city center (represented by study area)
suffers visual pollution caused by misuse of advertising signs as a result of lack of harmony in the design
characteristics (Semantic) and lack of mechanisms which identifies the methods of advertising signs
usage in a manner that preserves the aesthetic value of the area. The study concludes several
recommendations for the use of the advertising signs effectively as a means of communication with the
recipient meanwhile to maintain the visual quality and to reduce the resulting visual pollution situation.