Journal Of Wassit For Science & Medicine

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite of medical importance that causes gastroenteritis in a variety of vertebrate hosts, so the study was conducted to evaluate the anti-cryptosporidiosis efficacy of alcoholic and aqueous Chlorella algae extracts in comparison with Azithromycin in the intestines of infected mice. Fecal samples were collected from patients at Al-Kut Hospital suffering from diarrhea in the period December 2021 to end of March 2022, and 90 microscopic samples of both sexes were examined using a modified Ziell-Nelson stain to detect oocysts infected with the parasite. Isolation and flotation purification with Sheather's sugar solution and preservation in potassium dichromate for the purpose of infection in mice. The Experimental study was on groups of 57 mice by dealing with oral parasite oral oocysts within 104 oocyst/ ml except for the negative group addressed by a fishery saline solution. To strict injury, the detailed mice has been examined with microscopic parasites using Ziehl-Nelson Stain, and molecular screening was performed using Multiplex PCR technology. After the mice were divided into five groups with the uninfected and untreated group kept as a healthy negative control. The first group which included 21 mice was treated after it was divided into three subgroups A, B, C for each secondary group 7 mice they were treated with alcoholic extract of Chlorella at different concentrations 50, 100, 150 mg/ml on the respectively, while the second group which included 21 mice on three groups A, B, and C was treated with aqueous extract of Chlorella at the previous concentrations for three consecutive days for each concentration. The third group was treated with azithromycin at a concentration of 500 ml, and the positive control group remained infected with the parasite and was not treated. After treatment a microscopic examination was performed by evaluating the excretion average of parasite oocysts using a hematocytometer slide. The results of histological examination showed that treatment with alcoholic and aqueous Chlorella algae extracts led to remarkable repair and regeneration with restructuring in all sections of the small intestine infected with Cryptosporidium spp. parasite to varying degrees according to the concentrations used. Whereas the groups treated with Chlorella algae extracts showed epithelial layers renewed with the formation of non-enlarged cells and less edema, in addition less infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in the submucosal layer. There was a slight inflammation in the tissues of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum with a clear decrease in inflation and the degree of inflammation as well as less severe lesions in the intestinal tissues treated with alcoholic and aqueous extract of Chlorella algae in the highest concentrations with complete disappearance of parasite oocysts.

The concern of this study focuses on constructing a new classes of separation axioms by using the notion of Regular**− open set of ideal topological space. Using the concept of regular-open sets and Regular-local functions with *R-closure operator in an ideal topological space (X, T, I), analogous to the usual separation axioms. A few characteristics and attributes are investigated. Like separation axioms works.

Despite nanotechnology's rapid growth and early acceptance, the health risks of prolonged exposure at varied concentrations in individuals and the environment have yet to be investigated. Due to nanomaterial use, many nanoscale products enter aquatic habitats, affecting ecosystems and human health. Nanomaterials' environmental impacts will increase. Ceramics, sunscreens, and hair care products use ZnO nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) may enter aquatic ecosystems, generating concerns regarding their effects on aquatic animals. This study examined how ZnO NPs affected common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diets. Toxicological studies reveal ZnO NPs harm humans and the environment. Thus, ZnO nanoparticles must be characterized for consumer and environmental health and safety. This study aims to determine ZnO nanoparticles' acute toxicity (LC50) and gill histopathology in Cyprinus carpio. 3500 mg/L ZnO nanoparticles kill C. carpio at 50%. In this work, sub-lethal Zinc Oxide nanoparticle exposure for 21 days affects the ovary, liver, and kidneys.

Vegetables have reported to contain high content of wide verity of important phytochemicals that can be used in medical approach. Bell pepper are one of the most important vegetables that can be used as spice in foods, as well as it has a diversity of the phytochemical compounds. Carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, polyphenolic compounds and other metabolites were found in bell peppers of all colors. Red pepper is characterized by its high content of β-carotene. Our goal was to prepare an aqueous red pepper extract solution and use it to synthesize Ag NPs, then examine the antioxidant activity of the extract and the nanoparticle solutions. Ag NPs were prepared at room temperature by utilizing the aqueous red pepper extract solution as well as characterized by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and field emission scanning electron microscope. The characterization result has shown the presence of Ag NPs in particle average of approximately 58 nm. The antioxidant activity was determined by using a DPPH assay, where ascorbic acid has shown IC50 of 23.71 μg/mL which was lower than Ag NPs (IC50 = 43.72 μg/mL). The best antioxidant behavior was obtained from the red pepper extract solution (IC50 = 17.26 μg/mL). This may attributed to the high content of phytochemicals in the extract solution. Importantly, the use of red pepper extract solution in preparing AgNPs have shown to improve their antioxidant activity, which is considered as good additive to the medical features of Ag NPs.

A high number of organic materials have been studied as inhibitors for corrosion in different conditions. In this paper, the effect of organic chemical (4-Aminophenol) as an inhibitor for mild steel metal corrosion was investigated in presence of sulfuric acid at different temperatures. The study was carried out using three known methods in testing corrosion process, methods of weight loss, thermometric, and polarization. The obtained results showed that when the inhibitor concentration increases, the corrosion rate decreases, and hence, the inhibition efficiency increases. Moreover, when the surface coverage at a temperature of 313 °C with organic inhibitor increases, the corrosion rate decreases as noticed in the weight loss method. For the thermometer method, the inhibitor was examined by temperature. The inhibition efficiency increases, as well as in the anodic and cathodic polarization method, where it is observed that the anodic and cathodic curves are present to measure the corrosion current and corrosion potential. As the higher the concentration of the inhibitor, the lower the current and the corrosion voltage. The reason for the effectiveness of this inhibitor is the presence of amine and phenol organic molecules in its composition, which can form a film on the metal surface and prevent corrosion from taking place.

The cucurbit fly is a pest with significant economic impact because it affects numerous agricultural crops and leads to fruit damage. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the local and commercial isolates of Heterohabditis bacteriophora nematodes on the larvae and pupae of the cucurbit fly insect Dacus ciliatus. Four concentrations were pre-pared for each isolate (10, 25, 50, and 100 infective juveniles/milliliter). The results showed clear variations in the isolates' ability to control the insects, and the effectiveness of the used concentrations varied in their impact on the mortality rate of the larvae and pupae. It was found that all concentrations could infect and control the cucurbit fly at both stages: larvae and pupae, but with varying percentages. Results showed that 100 IJs/mL scored the highest mortality rate compared to the other concentrations. The percentage of larvae and pupae mortality was higher when treated with the local isolate of nematodes compared to the commercial isolate at the same concentration.