Journal of the College of Education for Women

The research talked about one of the important social subject that care public so
cities which is .
This subject deals with three subdivisions papers :-
The first one deals with the reasons of unemployment mentioned the definition of it in
addition to make a comparison between it and inertia . then talked specially about
unemployment that had got in our wounded country become of wars in it .
It had a branch talked about in Islamic society .
The second one deals with the negative results of unemployment specially economic , moral
and social with their roles in spreading negative phenomenon in our society as terrorist ,
stolen … etc …
The third one deals with the ways of reducing unemployment and trying to limit it , that may
achieve under two conditions as crafts unemployment divide the jobs according to purifying
in work but it is also spread .
Whereas the other one is the ways of unemployment of graduation in Iraq
The research had concluded with praying of Mohamad

All praise is for Allaah and prayers and peace be upon our prophet Mohammed.
The words of God the Quranic text , is genera words have many faces and connotations a
ccording to references, cutures and Ages.That the Quranic text is fixed , But the
connotations are moveable the scientists agreed about the miracle of the Qurantic text , But
they differd of the Position of miracLe including the muatazala and Al- Ashaira who have
adopted the idea of sytem and miracle of linguistic . Most of them were lingustics,
grammerians and writers as: AL- Jahith, AL- Faraa Abivbeida , Ibn kutaba , AL -Rumani ,
AL -katabi , AL- Bakilaai , AL- Gargani and Others.
They also differed in what the words of Allaah mean . Is the Quranic text creature or updated
,it is the issue that exhausted the effort.of muslim scientists though its imbortance and
feasibility does not rais to the wide dispute which witnessed and the great sacrifices pressed
to it that many scientists were its vichm .
Our search deals with the semantic thinking of islamic philosphical of what the word of
Alaah for islamic groups especaally with the muatazala and AL- shaira because they are the
most famous islamic phiosophical groups in Quran.
It includes three section as wellas pre-section the pre-section : privacy of the words of Alaah.
-the first section : the subjects of speech and say in the Holly Quran
-the second section: Almuatazlas opinion in the words of Alaah
- the third section : Al-Ashairas opinion in the words of Alaah.

Al-Yaqubi was biased in favor of Shia. May be du to his choice of source, materials.
All historians as with other human beings are biased in their attitudes and preconceptions in
one degree or another as well as in one direction or another.
The choice of source materials, their nature and the use made of them is an important
index for measuring the achievement of ang historian.
Several specific questions arise. What sources did author use that were either
unknown to or were not employed by his predecessors and contemporaries for whatever
reason?
What sources are common to al- Yaqubi and his colleagues among the early Arab
historians and what evidence of tendentiousness can be ascert- ained in these? To what extent
can the author's tend be attributed to his selection of sources materials to the way in which he
manipulated these? Answers to some of these questions should help to clarify the
Relationship between al-Yaqubi's work and those of his historical confreres.

Cybercrime and risks to children between the problems and solutions( An analytical
study in the light of international, Arab and national statistics).
Lies the problem of the study to identify a new type of crime is different from the same
traditional character of the crimes or what was customary since human creation up to the
information revolution and we enter the era of globalization, which is also called (cyber
crime) and their negative impact on all segments of society, especially children, as they the
day of the most important social security threats, for all local and international communities
alike , and those risks require collective action to various sectors and segments of society ,
especially the educated classes in order to raise community awareness of the dangers of these
crimes and their dimensions and manifestations that are still under study and research and
digital exploration and statistical especially states that characterized Banglagaha prolonged
contact of the world , making it more vulnerable to such crimes characterized by a high
degree of organization , precision and uncertainty for large segments of individuals ,
specifically in the Iraqi society , The importance of this study lies in its search optimization
for this phenomenon, and the legacy of a great vacuum in punitive legal aspect to criminalize
this type of crime, which requires us a quick review of all laws that seek to curb cyber crime,
whether at the international, regional or Arab or national through a modification and change,
so in line with the new reality
The consisting of four topics to study in answer focused on some questions including: What
are the cyber crimes, and what are the kinds of characteristics, and what are the difficulties
that could face means control at the international level and Aarabiy and local, and what are
the risks to various private groups in society, the kids category 1. The study has concluded
that these crimes notifier great on all members of the community, especially children.
2. It threatens Social Security is not only the local and national community, but that the risks
and penetrate beyond the territorial and national and international borders.
3. Azert results that traditional laws and new laws still do not rise to the level of combating
this type of crime, and need more studies with to find the kind of coordination and
cooperation with various countries to track crimes that carry the trait and the nature of the
laws that could criminalize the perpetrators real quest.
4.Azart study that this type of crime suffered material losses and moral expensive process
threatens the advancement of society and its development in the long run, particularly with
regard to terrorism and the exploitation of children in this type of crime offenses.

Marriage as a social case began Almighty God created Adam, peace be upon him then
created from the rib Eve to be the first couple of human beings on the face of the earth and the
formation of the first social family in the land, human and picked up this social reality
through the generations, but in different shapes and purposes, but the mating process is one.
So I got the divine religions and organized that life, especially in Islam, as explained every
aspect of the life of the role and practice of marriage and had a large share in this organization
and I got many Quranic verses and the Hadith.
With different civilizations, many of the marriage ceremony appeared in ancient societies
take several forms of marriage.
But marriage and formats contract currently known system, it does not exist in ancient
societies because they do not have a ceremony to marry, even if some of them are married and
some animals marry Kalasaver and animals and, there are several trace the nature of the
society in which they live and took civilizations ways differ in the nature of marriage.
The marriage in monotheistic religions:
When Jews marry: the marriage have been imposed on each person able to work and lived a
bachelor, was the cause of the wrath of God on the children of Israel, and that the crime of
reluctant pairs him with his ability as a crime killing oneself, and for the Jewish rites and
customs of their own limited and traditions.
Marriage in Islam: slandering Islam monasticism and is interested in marriage and promised
to act Tabdia and the need that should be met and hastily it pleased the dowry promised to
complement the marriage of religion (the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him (marriage
half of religion)) and surround the meanings of compassion, affection and confidence, trust
and equality between women and men and the superiority he said: ( on each system and the
law earlier, God said: ((he created man from water Fjolh proportions and son in law was a
mighty Lord)).
The marriage in Baghdad: the subject of our research is focusing on family and configured
to build the foundation of life for being, and the policy of encouraging marriage was in effect
where and returned unless the marriage norm social through a matchmaker to choose the right
wife of the man, and then comes to provide a dowry (dowry), which varies according to social
and economic classes and then marriage ceremony (wedding), the best of these decrees is led
Arashidandzusband Caliph Harun from Zubayda

The )Resalat Al-Gofran) which means to Abi Ala Al-Ma'arri is included in the studies
of prose in Arabic literature. The study of the "Message of Forgiveness" was passed in two
stages. The first is the traditional linguistic study, specifically the rhetorical one. The second
study, which took place in the sixties of the last century, was conducted in the light of
comparative literary studies, after Dr. Taha Hussein summarized this letter and rid it of its
complex language and after Dr. Bent Shati achieved it. Dr. Lewis Awad relied on her study in
the light of comparative studies, Which appeared in Europe in the modern era and was able to
discover similarities between them and the old texts that dealt with the subject of "literature of
the brotherhood," as called Lewis Awad, has made comparisons with the texts that included
this type of literature, compared with (Odyssey) And with (alias) to Virgil Not only did
(Lewis Awad) compare these with the texts that preceded (the message of forgiveness), but
the impact of (the message of forgiveness) on the divine comedy of Dante or the so-called hell
Dante, and add to it another narrative text published in Egypt in the early sixties, a novel

This research, the author deals with a number of topics, including: What is
interpretation?, the difference between exegesis and I interpretation of the Quran, the meaning
of interpretation in the term, and the meaning of interpretation in the terminology of the
people of interpretation, It deals with then, he demonstrates the interpretation and reasoning
meanings of language, and the need of Muslims to interpret the Quran, and limitations of the
use of interpretation and exegesis, On the interpretation of opinion and when it began, and the
need of Muslims to explain, Finally he discusses the ways of interpretation, and the conditions
to be provided in the interpreter.

Music and singing are always associated with the movement of society and the
emergence of cultural and artistic activities other.
The social and political transformations of the 1930s helped to disseminate the study Music
and music in the city of Baghdad and across Iraq This is the beginning of a new era of
musical art alongside other arts.
While achieving musical arts A new step was advanced by publishing a technical study
among the younger generation they were looking for to contribute to the musical field On the
other hand, the city of Baghdad during the period of research many musical and musical
performances Egyptian teams have provided many artistic activities and events which have
had a significant impact on the development the musical arts and the general art movement in
Baghdad and the rest of Iraq.

This search in the virtues of the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, to read on their
boards want to recount loving and faithful), as stated in the introduction to the author,
Abdullah Bin Ibrahim Al-Mirghani (D. 1207 H.) to give reasons in writing the manuscript,
which was of an introduction and three chapters and a conclusion was the first in the door
thanks to the great lady and on her birthday and her marriage and her death and subsequent
events and the third in her them prayers and then the finale which was in love with the
Prophet and calling for God to pardon and forgiveness and a good end. I was interested in this
manuscript by Mirghani, Hadith and all accounts in reference to the virtues of the great lady
to examine a manuscript of أadeeth and Sunnah both named therein, and thereupon adopted
the Hadith books, including all valid sources and Al-Mustadrak to the Governor (D. 403 H.),
as well as the books and translations in the translation of the men and women who were in the
manuscript including layers of Ibn Saad (D. 230H.) and AlTabari (D.310 H.) in history and
many other sources was an important achievement search Well, sources and references was
very important in translating the authors .

The current search aims to identify
First: To measure the level of authoritarian personality among the students of the sample as a
whole.
Second: Measurement of differences in the level of authoritarian personality among students
in the middle school according to the following variables
1.Science (literary, scientific) 2. Sex (male - female)
Third: the level of control site level among the students of the sample as a whole.
Ra'aa: Measurement of differences in the level of the control site among junior students
according to the following variables
1.Science (literary, scientific) 2. Sex (male - female)
Fifth: Explain the relationship between the authoritarian personality and the locus of control
among the students of the research sample.
In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the sample was randomized by the
random method of 160 students from the middle school of the third directorate in accordance
with the gender variables (male and female) and the academic and academic specialization
(2015-2016)
In order to measure the level of authoritarian personality in the students, the researcher built
the measure of authoritarian personality, the number of paragraphs (50), after being presented
to a committee of arbitrators and experts in this field, which is the apparent truth, extracted
the strength of the standard of the scale paragraphs using the method of the two extremes and
using the test of two independent samples, (0.05) except two paragraphs (7.28) were excluded
from the scale because it is less than the level of significance required so that the number of
paragraphs of the scale (48) (3) areas. After the calculation of the construction accuracy of the
scale and the stability of the scale was calculated in the Vaccronbach method with a
consistency coefficient (0.86).
As for the measurement of the site of control, the researcher adopted the measure of
sweetness 1989 (52), after it was modified. The necessary cytometric properties of the
apparent honesty and the validity indicators of the structure of the two extremes were
obtained and using Pearson correlation coefficient (8) were excluded because they were less
than the required level of significance. If the scale became final (50), it was divided into (9)
fields. The consistency of the scale was obtained by the Vaccronbach method with a
consistency coefficient of 0,82
The researcher reached the following results:
1. The middle school students overcome them with a tolerant personality in their behavior.
2. There are no statistically significant differences in the authoritarian personality by gender.
3. There are no statistically significant differences for the authoritarian personality by variable
(specialization).
4 - that the junior high school students in the direction of internal control and external in
general.
5. There are statistically significant differences in the location of the locality according to the
sex variable. The males tend to control their position internally.
6. There are no statistically significant differences in the location of the control by variable
(specialization).
7. There is no statistically significant correlation between the authoritarian personality and the
locus of control.
In the light of the findings of the researcher, I made a number of conclusions,
recommendations and suggestions mentioned in chapter .

The researcher tried to concentrate on the field study included many houses for the sake
of documenting it by pictures and schemes with its history using the available data that had
got from elderly whereas the rest of heritage will document in other research , in God willing .
The research confined on the studying of examples heritage houses which was some of them
had built at the end of 19th century AD but, other of them had built on the beginning of 20th
century . In spite of considering these buildings are important and as a sign to architect art of
Jubba but, there is never full studying written about them in Western city .
The importance of this study lies on documenting sides of environmental and climatic
progress which Iraqis had depended on to build houses according to this systems .
The benefit of this study is to emphasize the identity of the Iraqi architecture its application
intended to organize weather inside building blocks which were suitable to human’s nature in
every season .

This paper is a real attempt to understand the British role inauguration Faisal Bin
Al-Husain as a king of Iraq.
This paper deals with the British communication with faisel . then Winston Churchill's speech
in British common house .then fodlowed by arriving faisal to Iraq after that the referend um
faisel .
The his claims of British maneuver lastly coronation on faisal & his inauguration as a king of
Iraq.

The research sheds light on an important religious sect that played a fundamental role
in the structure of the Iraqi society in general and the Baghdadi society in particular, in which
the Jews in general and the Jewish women in particular played an active role in the culture
and heritage of Baghdadi society. The educational, cultural and artistic activity of Jewish
literacy is a model for study

Fortieth book is IbnAssaker mechanisms of modern books authored attention appeared
amenable to the Messenger of Allah's will (Fife da upon h-d) in his emotional tempting
scientists say despite his weakness and preached it save forty Hadith of year necessitated
intercession and entering heaven eh Fife FA scientists 1940s h.g. Gae updated combines forty
Hadith on a particular topic, authored destinations differed and collected and compiled, the
first item in the 1940s that Abdul Rahman Abdullah ibn al-mubaarakmarvzishaikAssaker
promised more than thirty workbook in this kind of composition topics varied between
consolidation and conversations prove the Almighty Barry qualities, conversations provisions,
worship, preaching, and of them only in writing to correct sind conversations when modern
imams, and some of them mention high conversations attribution, and some of them mention
long conversations. ShaikAssaker, who was rated at this type it is a forty forty sleepless in
alawal replacement in due diligence in establishing the imposition of Jihad as well as 40
countries studied, which disclosed save capacity came through the trip's widespread, Whitlam
shaikAssaker in writing mentioned forty Hadith about forty fortyforty city elder companion in
40 subject with interest in graduate study, as well as talks and isnaad is very weak book of
geographical and historical magazine. And can no longer write who wrote funny layers if we
take into account his interest in a specific layer they ageing layer and layer with companions
he didn't translate to the companions or full translation ageing because this place somewhere
else. As well as in his novel about ageing in various countries of the benefits of knowing the
imams of the novel in the 16th century Hijri, and knowing their sheikhs and to h any
shaikAssaker on some women and some sentimental but also recounted on ageing posed very
little for him and for his.

Parents who give their sons arole in making parental decisions and admiring their
views are the ones who build confidence and the feeling of competence within themselves and
then their edgiest- rent with themselves becones better .
The (A.B) person-ality type is the core base of most psychological and educational studies
because it is one of the most important subjects Concerning with the study of growth aspects
whether they are physical, mental or Social. The present Study ains to measure the level of
parental treatment among high School students, measure the level of (A) Personality type
concept among them, recognize Statistically Significant differences in the level of parental
treatment according gender variable and recognize the Correlation between parental
treatment and the Concept of (A.B) Personality type among high School Students, The
Sample consists of (140) male and female Students (70) males and (70) females whom chosen
randomly,noting that the 1stsample ofscale builaingdifferes from the basicone. The researcher
reaches to a number of results:
1-The sample-according to the comparison between arithmetic mean and hypothetical one
subset to parental supervision at (0,05) level.
2-The sample-according to the Comparison between arithmetic mean and hypothetical one
has A.B personality type at (0,05) significant level.
3-The sample results, according to the difference between arithmetical mean and
hypothetical mean, show that the secondary school students have type A personality at
(0.05).
4-There are significant differences between males and females in parental monitoring at
level of (0.05).
5-There are significant differences between in personality type (B) according to the gender
factor (male and females) at level of (0.05) in favor of females.
6-There are no significant differences between in personality type (A) according to the
gender factor (male and females) at level of (0.05).
7-There is a correlation between parental monitoring and personality type (A and B) which
was (0.36) for parental monitoring with personality type (A), and (0,22) for parental
monitoring with personality type (B) at a significant level of (0.05).

Environment suffered in recent years a large corrupting by human; and because of his
ignorance of the dimensions of Caliphate in the ground and ignore what it means gearing.
The gearing is that the son of Adam, which will benefit the board of Allah Almighty to him in
the land of the causes of life, without exaggeration or negligence and without prejudice to the
cosmic Balnoames enacted by the Almighty Creator, has urged verses of the Quran Muslim to
preserve and protect the environment which is a religious duty, as it showed a great verses he
is the author and the splendor and beauty of workmanship and manufacturer greatness of the
Almighty, who created all things beautiful.
Koran played a major role in the consolidation of environmental education by directing
Muslims and groomed behavior to preserve the environment, and the development of
environmental awareness in humans by providing it with the right vision for the environment
and the behavior towards the study and conservation in order to achieve his role required in
the earth as an heir of God in them. The importance of the environment and preservation of
the core teachings of the religion that anthropology prevent his brother from marring the
terrestrial environment and the marine environment, and that corruption was the result of the
wrong people for environmental activities, even if we look at scripture, we find that Islam is a
religion preservation of the environment and take advantage of them without harm, including
. Required to be at the forefront of environmental education priorities quality stakeholders in
order to better human rights and reverse the real photos civilization of Islam.

Importance of the research:
The importance of any educational or scientific research through its intellectual arena
of facts supply the individual and society, Supports Knowledge and Science Group, which
raised will be locked in these topics in the future.
This research seeks to shed light on the image and the role of women and men in the books of
the Arabic language in primary education (primary), To illustrate the negative effects of the
phenomenon of sexism in textbooks, And its negative impact on emerging, And stay away as
much as possible about the distinction between the sexes in the roles and qualities in
textbooks traditional stereotypes and remove that put both sexes templates hinder the
development of the individual and the limit of its capabilities and ambitions, And impede the
march and progress of society. (Hormuz.1988).
The difference between the sexes is based on a patriarchal culture and the world of
organized by men for men is the reason for this gender discrimination, Despite the progress
made by women in the fields of life. (Lutfi, 1988).
If we go back to the real reason for the gender discrimination we are seeing is due to
the composition of the social system in the Arab countries are biased stereotypes, It is
necessary to point out that the roles played by women has undergone many profound changes
as a result of the rapid cultural change in the present era. (Shriha'a, 1989).
Research Objectives:
The current research aims to:
1- The role and image of women and men in the Arabic language books in primary education
in the Republic of Iraq characterization
2-Identification of the positive roles of women in these books.
3-Identify negative roles that emerged by women.
Search Procedures
Sample
Arabic language teachers in primary schools affiliated to the Directorate of
Educational Karkh third place in Baghdad, Where was their number (166) teacher.
Search tool
Was drafted resolution for the study analysis of reading books at the elementary level,
Where the number of questions (35) Question arranged within three alternatives respectively [
Ok, I dunno, Is Ok], Mark has been under what is appropriate of the three alternatives at the
discretion of the Arabic language teacher verified or unverified.
Statistical methods
1. The questions were arranged in descending order according to the resolution percentile
weight for each question where
2. The number of occurrences of unloading answer at every level of the three resolution
levels.
3. dish Kay law for each question in the questionnaire to calculate the calculated value and
compare the value tabular.
Search Results
Through content analysis of reading books at the elementary level and compatibility with the
results of the questionnaire, The results can be summarized as follows:
- There are significant differences between the books directed toward males and females and their orientation towards the percentages were clearest evidence of this.
- There is a difference and disparity between male and female attendance at these textbooks
in favor of men as Danh and Statistics.
- The results showed a significant impact practiced textbooks enshrining sexism process
through traditional stereotypical references inherited impose values and standards of
society and culture.
- There is a disparity between the number of authors and works, technicians and
professionals, scientists and processes, in these books for the benefit of men.
- There is a disparity between the number of poets and poets of poems books in favor of men.
- There is a disparity in the female and male audience, As a secondary female characters,
The male pivotal and key often in favor of men.
- There is a disparity between the images and fees earmarked for females and males, The difference is also in favor of men.

The study aimed to know the effect of the use alcoholic ethanol extraction of
Boswellia Carterii In prolonging the period of preservation cooled ground meat in 4C for 6
days, it has been mixing ground meat with 150,300,450 mg/ml of alcoholic extract
Consecutive, Where (0 was the control sample), All samples were stored separately for 0 , 3 ,
6 days in Refrigerator temperature 4 ْC, Conducted by some microbial tests, Results have
shown that mixing the ground meat with Boswellia Carterii extraction Led to prolong the
storage of meat for 6 days at 4 ْC .and the Best result came when adding alcoholic ethanol
extract of Boswellia Carterii by 450mg/ml Which Equal 0.9 g ,that reducing microbial load
more higher than 150&300 mg/ml. All of these samples conformed to the Iraqi standard in
terms of human consumption.

The subject of indication is one of many subjects that the Arabic language interest in and
we decide that this research which we called (Indication of the abstract and Augmented Tri
verbs) in one of Al-Quran Suras which is Al-moulk to dive in the secrets and knowledge of its
meanings and knowledge of its structure in terms of abstraction and increase, And the
investigation of our ancient scholars of linguistics and interpreters in its meanings. The verbss
were classified according to the structure in which they were presented. The research includes
two sections followed by the conclusion of the research, sources and its references. The first
section (the indication of the abstract Tri verbs) in the sura is divided into four branches in
which a group of actions carried multiple connotations, and the second topic was about the
Augmented Tri verbs included two types of verbs the first: the Tri verbs, which are
augmented by one letter, the other which are augmented by two letters.
Among the results reached is the diversity of verbs in the sura between the abstract and
Augmented Tri verbs by one letter and two letters, and the absence of Quadrant verbs, and
Augmented verb gave more meaning than the abstract verb, and that is because the increase in
letters leads to an increase in meaning.as we have observed the accuracy of the use of the
Koran language vocabulary commensurate with the meaning of words and bringing the
meaning to the listener as we have reached a difference in the significance of the actions of
scientists through the Comparison between two sets the language and the interpretation books.
We collect most views that have been said in the Indication of these verbs.

Following the political development in Iraq Since 7112 exposed kind of political
traditions about how to manage the conflicts that have different Iraqi powers .That what was
clear since the formation of permanent government since in 7112 .
The case of conflict between political powers in administrating Iraq state and the
withdrawal of American Forcesintroduces questions:
0-Is it possible that that the beginning of Iraq state building shall ease this conflict and
peacemaking in the post-conflict period?
7- To what extent the Iraqi powerswas to manage their disputes in non-military like elections
which was held in 7112?
2- What is the range of the extent of the political operation after the American withdrawal?
The important if the study lurks in searching the modern and contemporary history of
Iraq and analyzes the role of the political forces and the decisions and its effects on the state
administration, and analysis related to the security and stability in the light of the American
occupation and its role in reaching to Iraq to the present situation. It open new horizon before
the postgraduate students to question such topics in their in their theses to shed light on the
historical issues which Iraq has gone through economical and political instability throughout
regional and international sequences.

Language is an important means through which one can construct one's social world.
Accordingly, the way we view ourselves and the world is basically formed by language use
whereby identities, relations, and values are constructed and maintained. Most discourse
analysts consider narrative not only the locus of construction and enactment of identity, but
also a distinguished genre for its analysis.The present study is concerned with how identity
can poetically be informed, hence exploring the way black poets use language when reflecting
their identity and culture. The poem, right on: white america by the black American poetess
Sonia Sanchez, is chosen to be analyzed based on Simpson's stylistic model (2004). In this
model, the analysis of the levels of language shapes and organizes the stylistic analysis
whereas discourse is situated above the central levels of language. Stylistics and discourse
analysis aim to show how and why the text means what it means linguistically. The study
concludes that poetry is a potent creator and an enforcer of identity. The stylistic analysis
casts light on the linguistic deviations, especially on the graphological level used by the
poetess Sonia Sanchez. Such a level expresses the poetess' resistance and rage against the
white. Besides, Sonia Sanchez’s use of Black English transmits her belonging to the
oppressed Black.

English has for long been one of the most widely used media of communication
globally, especially in the Malaysian universities. It has been termed as a Lingua Franca
because it is shared with other languages which are considered first languages by different
speakers. For this reason, English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has attracted a number of
researchers to investigate its variety via other languages in various communities. The
objective of this paper is therefore to establish the strategies which are employing by the
international students at the National University of Malaysia/ UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia
(UKM) as an example of one of the Malaysian universities; when they engage in a
conversation in their classrooms to avoid the difficulty of understanding the language in the
lingua Franca context. UKM has a number of Non-Native English speakers (NNESs),
international students who are also multilingual and cannot understand the indigenous Malay,
Chinese and Tamil languages. Therefore the mode of teaching and the way they interact with
each other becomes hard for them as they try to understand each other despite their origin.
This has created a need for a common and international media of communication; which can
concluded by the English language. English has been identified as one of the most widely
used media of communication among these students. The current article aimed to find out the
strategies which employ by the multilingual students at UKM as they try to communicate to
each other through conversations and discussions inside the classrooms in the context of
being a lingua Franca .This objective is achieved through voice recordings of conversations
made between three master students . The data is analyzed using the conversational Analysis
(CA) based on Hymes‘ 1972 model of speaking. The findings indicate that the programs
mainly used by the students are repetition, paraphrasing, code-switching, body language, and
translation. These speakers were creative; they used more than one strategy as they interpreted
the English language to be creative in using and interpreting the English languages

Walt Whitman adds a poetic twist to the relationship of man’s body, soul with the
universe. His inspiration in writing his elegy, "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd,"
draws on aesthetico-political resources. Major amongst these is his leaning towards the
American Transcendentalist idea of the "Over-Soul". The basic topoi in his poems is thus his
identification of nature with the soul of man. The idea of the Over-Soul sheds light on the
three stages of human loss: suffering, despair, and compensation. Whitman witnessed two
political events, the outbreak of the civil war and Abraham Lincoln's death, which were of a
particular importance to his life and work: they helped him shape a form and thematic
concerns of his own. Building on the architectonics of the traditional elegy, Whitman
Emersonizes the poetics of the genre, as he incorporates Emerson's idea of the Over-Soul and
the law of compensation. This is translated into the shift, in his elegy, from the personal to the
impersonal; from the intense feeling of grief to the thought of reconciliation.

Abstract
Authentic materials are the most important tools that the teacher could use in class in order to
make teaching go smoothly and effectively in transmitting the necessary knowledge to all
students. This research has investigated experimentally the effect of using authentic materials
in teaching English as a foreign Language, because a number of studies point out that the use
of authentic materials is regarded a useful means to motivate learners, arouse their interest and
expose them to the real language they will face in real life situations.
It is hypothesis that there is no statistical significance difference between the experimental
group who taught English as a foreign language by using the authentic materials with those
the control group has taught by using the textbook only. The sample of the research is 64
students at College of Physical Education and Science Sport for Women.
The groups have exposed to pre and post tests. The experiment has lasted three months. After
analyzing the results statistically, they have revealed that there is a significant difference
between the two groups in a favour of the experimental one. That is indicated using authentic
materials in English foreign teaching is effective.