Journal of Engineering

Total quality management is not a new concept. However, it is widely accepted as the fundamental business issue of the 1990s. Companies have started to realize the potential of TQM as a means of ensuring high quality products and services. With this realization has come implementation in rnanufacturing and service companies. Construction companies, like any other business, must provide a top quality finished product to its customer if it intends to stay in business. TQM is one way to work to that errd.


Ihe objective of this paper is to review the concept, definition, importance, principles, and elements of total quality management.

This paper proposes a design and implementation method of DPLL frequency synthesizer system. Such a system offers many advantages such as minimum complex architecture, low power consumption, and a maximum use of large scale integration technology. It can be used in many applications as cordless telephones, rnobile radios and other wireless products. A (2.4 - 3.6) GHz frequency range is designed and implemented with a 100KHz frequency step size. A spurious output levels of -70 dBc, an output power should be greater than 10 dBm, and a phase noise less then (-100) dBc/Hz at 100 kHz ofl'set from the carier are considered in our design. The channel





selection is guided by digital gating circuits with thumbwheel switches. An option of PI\4 modulation of 5 MHz FM bandwidth is also included.

Due to the solubility of gypsum, gypseous soils are known to be very problematic for civil


enlineers.


Tr.r assign the volume of the problem and the manner of dealing with it, it is essential to estirnate the arnount of'gypsum in the soil as acourate as possible .The aim of this study is to highlight the methodologies available in the literature that a reusetl to detect the presence of gypsum in soil and to determine its content . The study involves a comparison arnong four of the most popular methods used to determine the soil gypsum . The lbur rnethods rvere used to recover tire soil gypsum in gypsofied soil sarnples containing known amount r:f gypsum . The analyses fbr the test results showed that the method proposed by Berigari and Al-Any (1994 ) was the most accurate one .

This rvork was conduuted to study the removal of ionic irnpurities from industrial wastewater, and more particularly those in the cotton textile industry. The wastewater considered here, contains both cation and anion impurities. The method used is ion exchange. The results showed that the equilibrium isotherm is strongly favorable type, and it fitted well with Langrnuir equation. Chlorine and Sulphate ions were reduced greatly but not with the same degree ( SOa- > Cl - ).

In this paper, a study of the earthquakes that have affected Baghdad region in Iraq is made" The documents collected from different references are analyzed to determine the seismic zone of Baghdad. Evaluation of seismic design forces for equivalent static analysis of earthquakes in Baghdad region is mc"de according to the Iraqi seismic code and the lnternational Building Code (I8C,2000).





The studies reached that intensity greater than V on Mercalli Scale has never been recorded on the site at Baghdad. While Seismicity Map of Iraq, proposed by Iraqi Seismic Code, reveals that, Baghdad places in a zone of intensity between (VI-VII) on the Modified Mercalli Scale. Also, the studies reached that magnitude greater than 5.7 on Richter Scale has never been recorded on Baghdad.





When calculating the total horizontal seismic design force acting on buildings and structures according to the formula of the Iraqi Seismic Code Requirements for Buildings (1997), the coefficient Z (seismic hazard zoning coefficient) shall be talien as (0.05) for Baghdad region.

f-he airn of'this research is to study the breakthrough time for cation exchangers by using a pilot plant of iotr exchange and passing water with different concentrations of hardness. The piiot plant oonsisted of one colurnn containing strongly acidic cation exchanger of styrene divinylLenenzene type. The study covered the effects of the flow rate (1.013 --5.067) L/hr, bed depth (0.1 - 0.5) m,


and hardness concentration (200-500) ppm on breakthrough rime for cation -exchangerr. io u


column witl: (2.5 cm in diameter. Box-Wilson cornposite ratatable design method was adopted in the designing the experimental work" -I'hi.s method proposed secclnd order polynomial mathernatical moclel and their coefficients


are estinLatecl through non -- linear regression analysis to correlate the response function (breakthn:ugh tirne) with the three variables (flow rate, bed depth, trnd hardness concentratiorr).

The hydraulic performance of the aquifer has been investigated thlough the use of a computer program package.





The hydrogeological information which are required for aquifer simulation have been collected from various sources, evaluated, then used as an input data for the computer package. Due to the





scarcity of "data, it has been a difficult task to delimit the location and type of the hydraulic





boundaries along the northem and eastern sides of the area for modeling purpose. Accordingly, three cases are treated depending on the assumed nature of the boundaries. In the first all the boundaries are assumed at constant head. In the second, the northern and eastem boundaries are assumed to be of no flow type, whereas the Tigris river and AI- Musharah river both of which representing the west,rn and southern boundaries are treated as constant head. The third case is similar to the first; however the effect of Al- Teeb River and the marshes in the south are also taken into consideration.


The steady- state natural head distribution prior to the effect of any external stresses irave been obtained by the steady- state treatment, and by the tursteady- state treatment for a very long simulation period. Both results gave nearly similar head clistribution which is comparable tairly well with measured head values. The steady- state head distribution is used as initial head values in the subsequent unsteady- state treatments.


The drawdown distribution for the effect of existing wells, and proposed plans for future groundwater exploitation have been determined. It is found that the aquifer is capable to yield good quantities of water

In this work a high-speed turbopumps of (22000 rpm) rotational speed, which are oxidizer and fuel turbopumps, are designed. The design requirement for mass flow rate and outlet pressure are (12.5 kg/s) and (113×10 Pa) respectively for the oxidizer turbopump, and (3.5 kg/s) and (95x10 Pa) respectively for the fuel turbopump. The design work of centrifugal pump is divided into impeller and volute design works. The impeller design work is performed by the streamline curvature and quasi-orthogonal technique based on hub-to-shroud mean stream surface between two blades with assistance of experimental design coefficients and relations for first prediction. The volute is designed by using the method of constant angular momentum, where in this method the tangential and radial velocities are considered uniform around the impeller. The numerical results are compared with experimental data of the actual pumps, and it is found that these results agree well with the real designs. The output of the design program is used as an input to the performance program. The performance prediction is achieved by three dimensional, steady, incompressible and viscous flow analyses through the blade passage. The ANSYS program has been employed to solve these equation in order to predict the flow characteristics at design and off-design conditions. The analysis is done at many operation conditions, which have the range of flow coefficient ratio (ФФ) from (0.4) to (1.8), and the results are compared with experimental results for previous work to make sure the validity of the analysis program at design and off-design conditions.

This research deals with the study of the production of an acid resistant mortar using local raw materials. The produced acid resistant mortar is to be used as a protective coat to protect the surface made of the ordinary concrete and the other surfaces which are in contact with corrosive aoids such as (H2SOa and HNO3) from the effect of the acids mentioned above. Silicrete from the western desert was used as chemically inert solid filler. Different types of setting agents were added to the filler above one at a time to form a mix to which either the sodiurn silicate or the pota*.sium silicate solution was added as a binder.


Sarnples of the raw materials were subjected to the mineralogical, chemical and physical tests to determine their reliability and to asses the optimum mix ratio.


Ihe produced acid resistant silicate mortar coincides with the Arnerican Standards ASTM C466 is (1:2) (filler: binder) using 3%by weight either the Sodium florosilicate or the Ethyl acetate as a setting agent.

Architectural environment engineering and part of it is the interior design plays a great role in achieving trie recovery through the hospital building. The interior design in hospitals consirJered as a very specialization field .The aim of this research is to develop the interior treatment spaces in the medical buildings and make it looks more humanistic, through the deep study of the treatrnent efftcts of some interior design elements trying to appoint them in accordance to the people needs in our society in such buildings which represent the houses of mercy and recovery in their imagination which it's interior environment aims to achieving the human requirements for the users of its spaoes . The recenf research based on it's rvork the fleld study through choosing some of our local hospital also distribute the questionnaire to the users of these spaces in order to reach to the design decisions carne frorn the needs of the Iraqi people basing from our traditions which mustn't ignored when designing an interior environment in this building in order to overplus the psychological advocation of the patient and increase the performance ability of the medical staff

The importance of the study of the quality concepts and its management ancl the control on it ,has been increased and became one of the important subjects in the study and researches since the success of any consffuction projects is limited through the control on the important axel of the projects which are quality ,cost and time . From this the idea of the research subject cane . In concentrating on many factors which are influent on the quahty of the works ,in the construction projects and its management weather the effect was negative or positive that is reach suggestion of practical frame to valuate these effects on this quality evaluation process .