Journal of Engineering

This study investigates the thermal buckling behavior of composite laminate plates (cross-ply and angle-ply) that are simply supported and subjected to a uniform temperature field. A simple trigonometric shear deformation theory involving four unknown variables is used2. The theory satisfies the zero traction boundary condition on the surface without using shear correction factors. Hamilton's principle is employed to derive the equations of motion, which are then solved using Navier's double trigonometric sequence to obtain the critical buckling temperature for laminated composite plates2. The study also examines the effects of changing design parameters such as orthotropy ratio (E1/E2), aspect ratio (a/b), thickness ratio (a/h), and thermal expansion coefficient ratio (α2/α1). The results show good agreement with previously published results, with a maximum discrepancy of 0.5%

This study investigates the thermal buckling behavior of composite laminate plates (cross-ply and angle-ply) that are simply supported and subjected to a uniform temperature field. A simple trigonometric shear deformation theory involving four unknown variables is used2. The theory satisfies the zero traction boundary condition on the surface without using shear correction factors. Hamilton's principle is employed to derive the equations of motion, which are then solved using Navier's double trigonometric sequence to obtain the critical buckling temperature for laminated composite plates2. The study also examines the effects of changing design parameters such as orthotropy ratio (E1/E2), aspect ratio (a/b), thickness ratio (a/h), and thermal expansion coefficient ratio (α2/α1). The results show good agreement with previously published results, with a maximum discrepancy of 0.5%

This review paper addresses the critical issue of water scarcity and the spread of diseases due to lack of access to basic sanitation for half the world's population. It emphasizes the importance of developing water management technologies relevant to the target population. The paper discusses the use of conventional coagulants like aluminum sulfate (alum) and poly aluminum chloride (PACL), which are effective in removing turbidity and color from raw water but pose health risks, including Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to improve the coagulation/flocculation stage by reducing the amount of metal sludge formed and comparing natural and chemical coagulants. Initial studies focus on assisting and comparing natural coagulants like Moringa oleifera with chemical coagulants to achieve better water treatment results.

This study investigates the impact of adding different percentages of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer to sandy soil on its engineering characteristics. The research focuses on properties such as permeability, angle of internal friction, shear strength, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Laboratory tests were conducted using HDPE percentages of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 1%, and 3%. The results indicated a decrease in soil permeability by 18% and an increase in the angle of internal friction, CBR value, and shear strength by 27.2%, 180.9%, and 38.6%, respectively, when 1% HDPE was added. The findings suggest that HDPE polymer can effectively enhance the engineering properties of sandy soil, making it more suitable for construction purposes.

This study evaluates the drinking water quality at the Al Wahda Treatment Plant (WTP) in Baghdad city. The plant, with an average flow rate of 72.82 MLD, was assessed by taking water samples from the influent and effluent during the period from June to November 2020. The samples were analyzed for various physicochemical and biological parameters. The results indicate that the treated water has almost the same characteristics as raw water, suggesting that the plant units do not remove pollutants as efficiently as intended. However, apart from Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), the mean values of all parameters were within acceptable limits according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.

This study focuses on estimating the surface runoff resulting from rainfall in the Bahr AL-Najaf watershed, located on the western edge of the plateau and the southwestern part of the city center of Najaf, with an area of 2729.4 km². The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with ArcGIS software was used to simulate the runoff coming from the three main valleys (Kharr A and B, Shoaib Al-Rahimawi, and Maleh) that contribute to the flow in the study area. The results showed that the SWAT software successfully simulated the flow conditions based on various calibration and validation metrics, including the coefficient of determination (R²), Nash coefficient (NSE), P-factor, and R-factor. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the most sensitive parameters were the curve number (CN2) for runoff, soil available water capacity (SOL_AWC), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Soil_k). Three hypothetical scenarios were implemented based on assumed precipitation amounts, resulting in water levels of 16, 18, and 22 meters above mean sea level (m.a.m.s.l.), which would fill the bounded lake, the entire study area, and potentially flood parts of ancient Najaf City.

This paper proposes a methodology for predicting packet flow at the data plane in smart SDN based on the intelligent controller of spike neural networks (SNN). The methodology predicts the subsequent step of the packet flow, consequently reducing overcrowding. The centralized controller acts as a reactive controller for managing the clustering head process in the Software Defined Network data layer in the proposed model. Simulation results show the capability of the Spike Neural Network controller in the SDN control layer to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) in the whole network by minimizing the packet loss ratio and increasing the buffer utilization ratio.