Ahl Al-Bait Jurnal

Humanity is suffering from waves of fear, hunger, and shortages of fruits and lives due to the bloody conflicts that cover the globe. This drives those in charge of people's affairs, including governments, security agencies, and civil society institutions, to think seriously about reshaping security in all its dimensions and to work enthusiastically to establish a system for social security that guarantees all the security aspects individuals need in their society. This includes security for themselves from looming dangers, security for their property from thieves, looting companies, and monopolies, security for their families and children from imported and packaged cultures in alluring forms, and food security to confront economic sabotage and combat rampant unemployment.

Thus, social security has become the greatest concern in the life of every individual living in human societies, whether economically developed or underdeveloped. The need for security, in its broadest sense, includes all people suffering from various economic, political, and social fears, as well as fear for the future. Societies, represented by political, social, and religious authorities, have taken a series of measures, programs, and plans, both political and social, aimed at providing comprehensive security that surrounds the individual and society.

These measures and plans are part of social security, as they must achieve the maximum development of human capabilities within society to reach the highest level of well-being within a framework of political freedoms and social justice. This is exactly what we mean by social security; it is, on one hand, plans and measures set by political, social, and economic authorities, in addition to unlocking the hidden potential within the individual to achieve the highest possible output, which in turn reflects on the well-being and stability of society.

I am filled with a great sense of awe when writing about the legal thought of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in matters of justice. He is the sacred Imam, and the more one learns about him, the more love and reverence they feel for him. He is the one who said, "If a mountain loved me, it would crumble, so how about us, who possess human hearts?" This love did not come out of nowhere. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) took Imam Ali (peace be upon him) by the hand and said to him, "Raise it to the sky and ask your Lord for something." Imam Ali raised his hand and said, "O Allah, grant me love in Your sight." The noble verse was revealed: "Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous deeds— the Most Merciful will appoint for them love" (Quran 19:96). Imam Ali (peace be upon him) does not need an introduction. He is a beautiful page of human enlightenment, adding honor to the history of humanity. He is a boundless source of knowledge, and his thought was characterized by integrity and realism, which gave him a legacy of brilliance and richness, unmatched by anyone else despite the reverence and greatness they hold in the hearts of Muslims.

Mohsen Abu Al-Hab Al-Kabir is considered one of the prominent Karbala poets of his era, in addition to being an eloquent preacher. He dedicated his two talents—poetry and oratory—to championing the cause of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), highlighting its intellectual and revolutionary dimensions. Our research aims to shed light on this literary figure, introducing him and his literary status, while exploring the various poetic themes he addressed. These include his "Al-Tufiyat," which are his poems of mourning for Imam Hussein, as well as poems for occasions and brotherhood, followed by elegy and poems of revival, specifically those calling for the return of the twelfth Imam of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). Additionally, there are poems of praise, and finally, other less frequent themes such as satire, love, description, and wisdom. The research concludes with an overview of the key findings derived from the study.

The contemporary world witnesses significant economic developments on various fronts. There is international production integration that emerged following the scientific and technological revolution, the rising role of international institutions such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and economic blocs like the European Union, ASEAN, and NAFTA. All of these developments contribute to globalization, which represents the overarching expression of the current global economy, primarily driven by advanced capitalist economies.

The growing role of multinational corporations in the framework of economic globalization is undeniable, particularly in the flow of investments worldwide and the movement of capital from one country to another, in a manner previously unseen. As a result, some advanced countries have become leaders in both importing and exporting investments simultaneously. Undoubtedly, developing countries (including Arab countries) cannot remain unaffected by these international changes. They are part of the global division of labor and have their place in the world economy, although the positions vary from one country to another.

It was God's will to immortalize Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and his corrective revolution through various means and methods. He ordained for this matter to be carried out by His servants, who do so willingly and without compensation, no matter the material and moral losses and sacrifices it costs them. As it seems, this is a promised promise and a known covenant before the beginning of the Hussein movement on the earth. Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) sits at the heart of every Muslim, and indeed, every free person of humanity, regardless of their gender or belief. This is because many banners raise Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) as a symbol in their liberating, revolutionary, or corrective movements, whether peaceful or armed, regardless of hidden intentions and goals. Andalusia (now Spain and Portugal) was not distant from these banners.

The advisory function represents one of the two pillars of the role undertaken by the State Consultative Council in Iraq, alongside the judicial function introduced by Law No. (106) of 1989. Under this function, the Council appears as a legal advisor to the state, providing it with legal opinions that illuminate its legal path and resolve any issues that may arise between its various administrations. Furthermore, it contributes to the preparation and drafting of bills related to public administration. This function assumes the existence of a body with the scientific and technical expertise to carry it out. Hence, the importance of the advisory function in the legal life of the state is evident, making it, as the late Professor Dr. Abdel Razzaq Al-Sanhouri aptly put it, "... the natural ally of the administration and its faithful friend, who listens to it, advises it, and gives it legal opinions...". Due to this significance and the absence of specialized studies on the subject (to our knowledge), we preferred to dedicate this research to this topic.

The process of uncovering the foundations of the Islamic development approach in the economic dimension, based on its functional and structural connection with other dimensions, and relying on the foundational principle of Islamic ideology embodied in the philosophy of Islamic legislation, is one of the most dynamic fields of research in Islamic economics. This is due to two main reasons: the first is the diversity of possible forms of the Islamic developmental stance, based on different starting points in researching the field of Islamic economic thought. The second reason is related to the nature of the development issue, which is characterized by the dynamic nature of its solutions in response to the changing realities of the objective world. Hence, this research comes as an attempt to uncover the most important theoretical foundations of the Islamic development approach in the Quran.

There is no doubt that addressing a topic like this requires examining the early roots of the birth of this narrative style, which can be traced back to the second half of the sixth decade of the last century. This necessarily leads us to identify the subjective and objective factors that contributed to the emergence of this new artistic form, which carries distinctive features in both form and content. These characteristics are shared by specific artistic qualities, leading us to argue that they collectively formed the beginning of a new artistic direction, which we have called (Modern Realist Movement) in Iraqi novels. Its main features will be revealed throughout the research. Although we know it has already surpassed the initial phase, much still awaits it to reach a true understanding of the historical and psychological motivations behind the organic interaction between the ever-changing objective reality of society and the structural laws governing the internal relationships between the elements of the known artistic work.

This is a debate and discussion between Sheikh Ali Al-Bahrani and Saad Al-Taftazani on the interpretation of the scientific nature of the revered word "Allah" (Glory be to Him), based on a scientific approach and inherent objectivity, which includes three benefits: linguistic, logical, and intellectual. The conclusion is that the name "Allah" is proven to be a proper noun through auditory evidence, not by reasoning or logical analogy.

Water is the life of the desert, just as it is the foundation of the life of every living being on this earth. As stated in the Holy Quran: "Do those who disbelieve not see that the heavens and the earth were a closed-up mass, then We opened them out, and We made from water every living thing? Will they not then believe?" (Al-Anbiya, 21:30). The Arabs, in their settlements and journeys, lived in a vast, barren desert. When they found a water spring, it was as if they had discovered a precious treasure. Due to the scarcity of water springs in the desert, the Arabs placed great importance on rain and the times it falls. Therefore, many terms were coined to describe rain. This research aims to gather these rain terms, their origins, and their meanings among the Arabs in an organized manner, following the alphabet, and to clarify which ones are still in use and which are now abandoned. The research concludes that rain has specific names, and upon investigating, it becomes clear that these terms have been passed down by the ancestors of the Arabs for ages, and this applies to the speech of most Bedouins today.

This research addresses the historical study of the translation movement during the Islamic era, aiming to analyze the nature of this movement from a historical perspective without evaluating the content of the translations. The researcher seeks to answer a fundamental question about whether the translation of Greek sciences into Arabic was the result of frameworks established by Nestorian Syriac translators or if it was an intellectual movement driven by the needs of the Islamic era. The research points out that the translation movement began in the Umayyad period, supported by Khalid ibn Yazid, but truly flourished in the Abbasid era, with the initial spark occurring under the reign of Al-Mansur and his relationship with the family of Jirjis ibn Biktishu. During the reign of Harun al-Rashid, the influence of this family grew significantly at the caliph\'s court, particularly that of Jibril ibn Biktishu. The study emphasizes the role of the \"Jundi Shapur\" school in Persia in transferring the Greek scientific heritage into Arabic, underlining the significance of this period in the history of Islamic sciences.

\"Dictionary of Nuzhat al-Nazar in the Strange Terms of Nahj al-Balaghah\" by the author (Sayyid Adel Abdul Rahman Al-Badri) is one of the specialized dictionaries of terms. In this work, the author explains the obscure terms found in Nahj al-Balaghah and the four major Hadith books of the Shia: \"Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih\" by Sheikh al-Saduq (d. 381 AH), \"Al-Kafi\" by al-Kulayni (d. 329 AH), \"Al-Istibsar fi Ma Ikhtalafa Min al-Akhbar\" by Sheikh al-Tusi (d. 460 AH), and \"Tahdhib al-Ahkam\" by Sheikh al-Tusi as well. The author organized his dictionary alphabetically, following the standard alphabetical order of lexicons, by tracing the roots of terms back to their triliteral or quadriliteral forms, depending on the first letter. The author relied on a single interpretation for each term without delving into the various opinions provided by linguists, thus avoiding a comprehensive exploration of differing interpretations. This gives the dictionary a concise nature.

The study addresses the sermon of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), focusing on his philosophy of religion and worldly matters. Imam Ali is deeply immersed in the spirit of piety in his religious views, while he distances himself from the world due to its transitory nature. The study reviews his sermons from documented sources such as \"Nahj al-Balagha\" and other books like \"History of al-Tabari\" and \"Muruj al-Dhahab.\" It discusses the sermons with an emphasis on encouraging piety and condemning the world, highlighting the role of oratory in guiding and motivating people. These sermons are crucial in directing Muslims towards a good life, urging them to renounce worldly attachments and work for the hereafter. Imam Ali was wise and eloquent, and in his sermons, he combined politics and religion, stressing the importance of faith, piety, and avoiding the pride of worldly possessions.

In light of all that is happening, with methods and techniques forming the foundations for new theories in various fields, starting from the Industrial Revolution, space exploration, and highly intelligent communications represented by the internet and local and global broadcasting, passing through the effects of climate change and the resulting natural disasters, alongside the artificial disasters of regional and global wars, and the imminent and certain probabilities of falling into the claws of the global dominance of major powers, and ending with experiments in natural sciences and the designs of genetic engineering for human cloning theory after its relative success on animals... In the face of all these events and their impact on human thinking and mood, criticism must move in a dynamic direction, or else it will remain centuries behind other sciences. Should we be content with the proposals of Kuhn, Todorov, Genette, Gadamer, and Kristeva regarding poetics, stylistics, interpretation, textual transcendence, and textual interrelations, to say \"this is the last we have reached,\" instead of saying \"this is what we have reached and what we will reach tomorrow\"?

Mr. Murtadha Al-Qazwini was born in Karbala in 1929. He studied under the great religious scholars of his time and began delivering sermons at the age of twenty. His speeches represented opposition to the successive ruling regimes in Iraq. He stood against the communist wave during the time of Abdel Karim Qasim, criticized the sectarianism of Abdel Salam Arif, and then attacked the constitution of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and its sectarian nature. He was subjected to exile and imprisonment, then emigrated abroad, only to return to his pulpit in the holy shrine of Hussain after 33 years of exile.

Khalil ibn Aybak ibn Abdullah, known as Salah al-Din al-Safadi, was born in Safad around 696 or 697 AH (1296 or 1297 CE). He grew up there and later studied in Damascus, initially excelling in the art of drawing. His father supported him until he turned twenty, after which he pursued knowledge independently. Al-Safadi held various administrative roles in Safad, Cairo, and Aleppo, eventually working in Damascus in the Diwan al-Insha (Chancery) and managing the treasury. He also taught and lectured in the Umayyad Mosque, gaining recognition from scholars like al-Dhahabi and Ibn Kathir. Al-Safadi was known for his charisma, good character, and extensive contributions to literature, history, and criticism. He passed away on 10 Shawwal 764 AH (1363 CE) in Damascus and was buried in al-Sufiyya. His works, spanning over 200 volumes, reflect his vast knowledge in language, literature, and history, making him a prominent figure of his time.

This research addresses the role of the Holy Hussain Shrine in Iraq’s political history between 1908 and 1933, focusing on the positions and political events in Karbala during this period. The introduction briefly defines and traces the development of the Hussain Shrine, while the first chapter examines the national stances of Karbala’s people during the Ottoman and British occupations, the 1914 Jihad movement, and the city’s role in the 1920 Iraqi revolution. The second chapter discusses key political developments, including resistance to Wahhabi incursions, opposition to the 1930 treaty, the 1931 municipal tax strike, and the response to the book "Arabism in the Balance." The conclusion highlights the significant role of the Hussain Shrine in promoting national political awareness and the impact of Imam Hussein’s revolution on Muslims, particularly Shi’ites. The research aims to shed light on the leadership role of the Hussain Shrine in Iraq’s political history.

In speaking, the message meant can be made clear by changing the tone of the voice, by pausing, or by gestures. Speaking for three minutes, for instance, without pausing or changing tone will make the message understandable. Also, in writing putting words all together without ever indicating where pauses should be, makes expressing thoughts impossible. Thus, it is necessary to use signs and symbols to make meanings clear. These symbols, commonly, called punctuation marks. These marks are essential, since they supplement the meanings of words. Every punctuation mark used means something. Some of the symbols indicate that the end of a sentence is reached; others separate one part of a sentence from the next part. Quirk et al (1987: 1610) state the punctuation system serves two board purposes: separation and specification. The former, means that punctuation marks separate units that are in simple linear relation to each other(units in series); for example, a space separates two successive words or sentences, or it indicates the beginning or the end of an included unit, a unit which is inserted within some larger units; for example

Any language is embedded in a particular culture and when you learn a language you inevitably learn about its underlying culture .

It would appear that the question of 'culture' is often relegated to the end of a language teaching plan. It seems as if it were always something of a bonus if the teacher manages to find time to introduce a bit of the culture of the foreign language into the classroom.

This study investigates the subject and the predicate in English from both a structural and intonational perspective. The study begins by reviewing the predicate in English, followed by the subject and the intonations used with them. It is hypothesized that English as a foreign language learners in Iraq face difficulties in pronouncing and distinguishing the subject and predicate in English. To validate the hypothesis, two tests were constructed, which were examined by a committee to assess their validity, difficulty, and response time. The tests measure personal abilities to pronounce and distinguish the subject and predicate. The study concludes that English language learners face difficulties in pronouncing and distinguishing both the subject and predicate. The study also proves that female learners of English are more capable than males in pronouncing and distinguishing the subject and predicate. Additionally, fourth-grade students are more capable than third-grade students. The weakness observed in students can be attributed to internal factors in the English language as well as the relationship between English and Arabic, the learners' native language.