KUFA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING

The world. The present study attempts to use waste material (eggshell) as adsorbent for salicylic acid removal and compare its activity with activated carbon.

Many variables were studied to indicate their influence on removal efficiency. They have been included pH of solution were (2-11), salicylic acid concentration (10-50ppm) and adsorbent concentration (10g/l – 25 g/l) for eggshell while for activated carbon (1g/l -5g/l).

From the experimental results, there were noticed that the percentage removal increased with increasing adsorbent concentration, acidic solution while decreased with increasing salicylic acid concentration. Also, the results indicated that eggshell gave lower removal compared with activated carbon. Therefore the best conditions are pH solution was 2, salicylic acid concentration 10ppm, activated carbon amount 5g/l while for eggshell 25g/l that achieved percent removal reached 97 % and 24% for activated carbon and eggshell respectively.

Experimental tests were conducted to study the behavior of skirted foundations rested on dry medium sandy soil subjected to vertical and inclined loads. To achieve this goal, a small-scale physical model was designed and performed which contained an aluminum circular footing (100 mm) in diameter and (10 mm) in thickness and skirts with different heights, local medium poorly graded dry sand is placed in a steel soil container (2 mm) thick with internal dimensions (1000 mm x 1000 mm in cross section and 800 mm in height). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the response of skirt attached to the foundation at different skirt (L/D) ratios (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) and is subjected to point load at different angles of inclination (θ) (90 °, 80 °, 70 ° to 60 °) varying with the horizontal. In all tests, the relative density of sand was kept constant and equal to (60%). Four tests were conducted on a foundation without a skirt, for comparison reasons, and twelve tests were conducted on a skirt attached to foundation. The results showed that with decreasing the angle of inclination of load with the horizontal the load carrying capacity decreased due to increase the horizontal component of applied load which leads to increase the shear stresses under the foundation, however that effect decreases with increase the skirt height.

Safety conformity is an industrial practice to obtain enhanced safety performance and improved worker-management-government relationships. In this paper, a novel method to model and predict the conformity of bottling process operations and activities to safety rules and accident prevention is presented. Inspired by the machine guarding literature in safety compliance, this research extends the regression model beyond the machine operations domain, to cover activities in beverage testing unit (BTU), shuttle vehicle flotilla (SVF), stockroom, and suppliers. Data from practice in a bottling plant in Nigeria demonstrates the model's effectiveness. The coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.8454, 0.3891, 0.8156, 1 and 0.8156), showed the predictive competence of the warehousing, manufacturing hallway (MH), BTU, SVF, and suppliers' variables, respectively. These R2 values were derived from computations and tabulated by the software program used, and BTU and suppliers' values for R2 were obtained as the same from the program software. The relative importance of the bottling segmental factors was evaluated through ANOVA. The bottling process data results revealed the most significant variables at (p<0.05; calculated probability). This insight offers safety managers with useful practice information to plan and control.

Production of friction particulate ceramic matrix composites (PCMCs) by powder metallurgy method was carried out using iron 105 μm millscale, 50 μm silica sand, 80 μm magnesia and 53 μm bentonite clay as input materials. Different formulation of the blend of these materials were prepared and the composites were produced. Microstructural, frictional, thermal and wear characterisation were determined using standardised methods. The ceramic composites exhibited very good properties in terms of thermal stability (heat resistance), coefficient of friction (COF) and resistance to wear. The specific values of these properties exhibited by sample D having 12 wt. % iron millscale addition in terms of high resistance to thermal decomposition in the temperature region (0 – 1600 0 C) indicating thermal stability, appreciable high COF (0.59) and very low wear rate of 1.9093 x 10-6 g/m are desirable. The uniform dispersion of the particles as observed in the microstructure and strong bonding/adhesion contributed to the enhancement of the properties. These results are indication that the composite is very suitable for application in areas where high resistance to thermal stress and abrasive wear are required such as the brake assembly of automobiles, specifically the brake pads.

This study focuses on the use of Alibizia Lebbeck Benth pod particles (ALBp) as reinforcement on low density polyethylene (LDPE). Composites were processed via casting where 408 and150 µm ALBp where used in reinforcing LDPE. Samples were subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) impact strength and tensile characterizations. Composites showed improved thermal stability and crystallinity compared to unreinforced LDPE. Tensile strength (UTS) of composite increased by 331% as it improved from 0.36MPa for unreinforced LDPE to 1.55MPa using ALBp of 150µm. Additional C=C and C-O-C groups observed on the composite’s spectrum could be responsible for the improvement in mechanical properties. Reinforcing LDPE with larger ALBp (408µm) culminated in the formation of gaps and voids in the composite.