Journal of Almaarif University College

By the grace of Allah uponhisservantsisthatHemadeforthemfaithapathtoguidanceandlight,whichistheratificationandacknowledgmentoftheexistenceofGodAlmightyandHisentitlementtoservitude.Prayer,mosques,placesofprayer,andzakat.Themethodologywastoextractthehadith,studythenarrators,judgethehadithandstrangewords,ifany,andexplainthehadithandwhatislearnedfromthehadith, and in some hadiths the statement of jurisprudential differences in the narratives with the mention of jurists’opinions and their difference.

ThedominantfeatureofancientArabicpoetryandsinceitsfirstinceptioninthepre-Islamicerawasclarityandexposure,becausethelifethattheArabhumanwaslivingatthattimeinthatvastandextendeddesert,madehiminclinedtosimplicityinlivingandmarkedhimwithclearandpurityofthinking,butthislifebeganintheagesLittlebylittle,evenifwereachedtheAbbasidera,whichis-undoubtedly-themostprestigiousliteraryerathatArabliteraturepassedthroughinpoetryandprose-thesituationchangedandlifebecamecomplicatedduetocivilizationalopennessandthecross-fertilizationofcultures,andsincepoetryisthemirrorofsociety,itwasinfluencedgreatlyandquicklybythosechangesthatswepttheAbbasidsocietyatthetime,ThetranslatedGreek,Indian,andPersiancultureshadaclearimpactonpoeticcreativity,andpoetsemployedmanyofthem,whichservedtheirpoeticcreativityandthisaffectedtheirpoeticlanguageinitsforms,patterns,andimages,andtheeffectofthislimitedeffectontheirdifferentmethodsofperformance.Oneoftheresultsofthisinfluencealsoisthattwodifferenttrendsappearedinpoetry:Atrendthatconsistsofpayingattentiontomeanings,subdividingthemanddelvingintothem,withexaggerationintheinsertionofphilosophicalmeanings,mentaldoctrines,andsubjectingpoetrytologic,TheGreekculturehadthegreatestimpactinthisdirection.Asforthesecondtrend,itisrelatedtothewordsandthedecorationofphrases,andtheembellishment of sentences, it prioritizesthepronunciationoverthemeaningandpreferseverythingthataidstheeventsofpoeticmusic,thePersianculturehadthegreatestimpactonit.Renewalmovementshaveappeared,andperhapsthemostprominentofthemistherevoltagainstthesacredcolumnofpoetry,whichnopoetwouldhavedaredtoviolateitsrulesandconditions.Andnewpoeticphenomenahaveemergedthathavebecomethesubjectofcontroversyanddiscussionbetweensupportersandobjectors,includingtheissueofambiguityandvaguethathasshroudedthemeaningsofpoetry,creatingacommunicationcrisisbetweenthepoetandtherecipient. Thepoet'sinsistencesuggeststhemagnitudeofthechallengewitnessedbythateraandthenecessityofacceptingthisrenewal,whichhasbecomeaclearpoeticphenomenon,whichhasitssupporters,withallthecircumstancesthatitcarriesbetweenendearingambiguityanddislikedvague.Whenthemeaningsbecamehiddenbehindtheveilsofsymbolsandverbalallusions,subjecttothepossibilitiesofinterpretation.

This paper titled (Some Phonetic Phenomena between southern and Lori dialects)is dedicated to highlighting a number of phonetic phenomena that exist between the two dialects in terms of use. These two dialects are significant in the Kurdish language. These phonetic phenomena according to the phonological privacy of these dialects have their own privacy. Some of these phenomena are more effective and more common. The value of this paper is based on the practical aspect, and it is also important in the field of Kurdish phonological system in general and the two dialects in specific.

Democracy is one of the best types of government and a blessing, as they say, and it means that power belongs to the people. They rule themselves through people chosen by the people who exercise power on their behalf, and it is the ideal method for choosing who will assume power. Democracy went through many stages, and its applications developed according to time and place, until it reached what it is today. Democracy is based on several principles, the most important of which is: elections. It is not possible to talk about democracy without elections and guarantees.Therefore, the research revolves around international and national guarantees (legal and political) to protect the electoral process to ensure the holding of free and fair elections and limit the processes of manipulation and influence on them, so that free and fair elections are held that reflect positively in supporting security, stability, construction, development, progress and prosperity, and ensuring the principles of democracy and the peaceful transfer of power. Some ruling regimes, influential elites, and political parties resort to harnessing their capabilities and using their influence and devices to influence the course of the process in their favor. The phenomena of corruption, bribery, nepotism, fraud and public money play a major role in the electoral process. Consequently, elections whose integrity is doubtful or contested are sources of violence and conflict between their parties, which deepens societal polarization and sows public distrust regarding the electoral process.

Anadministrativedisputeiseverydisputeinwhichtwopartiesareadministrativebodies,oronepartyisanadministrativebody,whichisconsideredtobeanexistingdisputebyvirtueoftheadministrativeactivity,andthattheactivityoftheadministration,whichisthesubjectofadministrativedispute,iswhatisissuedbythemanagementbodyanditexercisesmanagementauthority,suchasissuinganadministrativedecisionorconcludinganadministrativecontract.Andthatanyappealagainstthatdecisionorthiscontractatanyofitsstagesconstitutesadispute.Inaddition,itrequiresdistinguishingtheadministrativeworkfromotherworks,combiningtheformalcriterionwiththesubstantivecriterion,andthatthecriterionfordeterminingtheadministrativedispute,andthescopeofitsapplication,aredeterminedinTheadministrativeworkissuedbyanadministrativeauthorityindirectconnectionwithitsadministrativeguest.

ThisresearchaimstoidentifytheroleofmonetarypolicyinachievingstabilityininflationandtheexchangerateinIraqfortheperiod(2004-2020).ThroughtheFullyModifiedOrdinaryLeastSquare(FMOLS)models,theDynamicOrdinaryLeastSquare(DOLS)model,andtheConicalCointegrationRegression(CCR)model.AccordingtotheoutputsoftheEVIEWSeconometricsprogramforthetimeseriesofthevariablesadoptedintheresearchinordertomeasuretherelationshipbetweenthevariables,wewillapplyoneoftheco-integrationtests,theroleofmonetarypolicyinachievingstabilityininflationandtheexchangerateinIraqfortheperiod(2004-2020),accordingtotheco-integrationtestFortheleastsquaresofthethreemodelswhicharethefullymodifiedordinaryleastsquaresmodel(FMOLS),thedynamicordinaryleastsquaresmodel(DOLS),andtheconicalco-regression(CCR)model.AccordingtotheoutputsoftheEVIEWSeconometricsprogramforthetimeseriesofthevariablesincludedinthemodel.

Theresearchaimstoachievethemaingoalofdescribingtheroleoffinancialtechnologyinpromotingfinancialinclusioninlightofthecoronaviruspandemic,basedonthehypothesisthatthepossibilityofbenefitingfromfinancialtechnologytechnologiesinthefaceoftheCoronapandemic.Amongthemostimportantfindingsoftheresearch,financialtechnologyplayedamajorroleincontainingthecrisisofthecoronaviruspandemicthroughitsemergenceasanewwaytoachievefinancialinclusion,andoneofthemostimportantrecommendationsistogaincustomerconfidenceintheroleoffinancialtechnologyandreducefearasaresultoffraudandpiracyintheabsenceofsufficientlawstoprotect

ThisstudyaimedtoidentifytheroleofsupportiveleadershipinpromotingorganizationalhealthfromthepointofviewoffacultymembersattheUniversityofZakho.Italsohypothesizedthatthereisastatisticallysignificantcorrelationandeffectbetweensupportiveleadershipandorganizationalhealth.AsampleoffacultymembersattheUniversityofZakho.Thenumberofquestionnairesdistributedwas(40)validforanalysisandextractionoftherequiredresults

ThestudyaimedtodeterminetheroleoftheeducationalsupervisioninmanagingthecareerpressuresfacingthePhysicalEducation(PE)teachersinIraqwherethestudyusedthedescriptive,analyticalmethod.Toachievetheobjectivesofthestudy,aquestionnairewasusedtocollectdatafromthestudysample,whichconsistedof800maleandfemalePEteachersinthepublicschoolsinIraqwhowereselectedbytheone-stageclustersamplemethodby8%ofthestudypopulation.Theresearcherdistributed(50)questionnairestotheteachersofeachgovernorate.

TheresearchexaminestheimpactofclimateonyellowmaizediseasesinAnbarGovernorate.Theclimaterepresentsthemostimportantnaturalfactoraffectingagriculturalactivity.despitetheimportanceofothernaturalfactorsandtheirsuitabilitytotheagriculturalcrop,astheclimatedeterminestheareaofthecrop,thequantityofitsproduction,andtheextentofitsimpactionyellowmaizediseases.theresultsoftheresultsoftheresearchshowedthatthereisagreementbetweensomeclimaticelementsandtherequirementsyellowcornyieldandtheunsuitabilityofothers,andthathightemperaturesandlowrelativehumidityduringthediseasesthataffectyellowcorninthestudyareawerecausedbyvirusescarriedbyinsects,whichleadtohugelossesincropproductionandadecreaseincultivatedareas,especiallycornstalksmutdisease

The main Sakaran River basin is located inthe far north-east of Iraq, east of Erbil Governorate. Within the zone of “distorted” creeping and thrusting faults. Where structures rush over each other, overturning folds, and complex mountainous terrain. An analysis of some of the most important hydromorphometric characteristics of the main Sakran River basin and its subbasins was carried out using geographic information systems. And an evaluation of some topographic and morphometric features and the extent of their impact on water surface runoff ratesand the speed of arrival of flood waves, and thus, soil erosion, in order to improve watershed management. The study revealed that the main Sakran River basin is going through a young stage in the development of the river geomorphological cycle, in which the forces of uplift and depression are balanced, and moderate amounts of sediment are produced, in an area characterized by rain and snowfall. Also, the river consists of a sixth-order stream, a fifth-order channel for its two secondary basins, Sikanian and Sakran 1, and a fourth-order channel for its secondary basin, Sakran 2. An anomaly of 푅푏was found for class 4 order, which indicates the length of their surface runoff, and thus the increased opportunities for underground recharge in them. As for the upper watercourses, they flow through steep and dissected mountainous terrain, which facilitates surface runoff and reduces groundwater recharge opportunities and, consequently, lower groundwater potential in areas of these orders. The morphological characteristics indicated that the structural factor, the extension of the folds, and the length of the water dividing lines influenced the definition of the basin in an oval shape, with medium flood peaks. As the values of 퐷푑, 퐹푠, 퐷푇, 퐼푓, 퐶and 퐿표increase, the opportunities for surface runoff increase and the opportunities for ground recharge decrease. The nature of the region was dominated by steep slope and complex mountain slopes, thus reducing groundwater potential .REFERENCES: Altaf, F., Meraj, G., & Romshoo, S. (2013).Morphometric Analysis to Infer Hydrological Behaviour of Lidder Watershed, Western Himalaya, India. Geography Journal, Hindawi, p.1-14.Buday, T. and Tyracek, J. (1980). The Regional Geology of Iraq: Stratigraphy and Paleogeography, Vol. 1,. In: Kassab, I., M. and Jassim, A.,Z., Eds., Geology of Iraq, Geologic Survey, Baghdad.Garzica, J. V. (2019). Evolution of the NW Zagros Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Kurdistan Region of Iraq from balanced and restored crustal-scale sections and forward modeling. Journal of Structural Geology, 124, p.51-69.Farhan, Y. A.-S. (2015). Quantitative Analysis of Geomorphometric Parameters of Wadi Kerak, Jordan, Using Remote Sensing and GIS. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 7, p. 456-475.Horton, R. (1932). Drainage basin characteristic. Transactions, American Geographical Union,14, p.350–361.Horton, R. E. (1945). Erosional Development of Streams and Their Drainage Basin; Hydrophysical approach to Quantitative Morphology. Bulletin of The Geological Society of America, Vol. 56., p.275-370.Jassim, S., & Goff, J. (2006). Geology of Iraq, 1st ed. Brno, Czech.: Dolin, Prague and Moravian MuseumJaved, A. K. (2009). Prioritization of Sub-watersheds based on Morphometric and Land Use Analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens. 37, p.261–274.Karim, K. H. (2007). Relationship Between Qulqula Conglomerate Formation and Red Bed Series, at Qulqula Area, NE-Iraq. -Iraqi Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol.7, No.1, p.1-12.

Discourse markershave been investigated widely from various theoretical and practical perspectives. These markers were found playing essential roles in building up a coherent text and speech at the structural and functional levels. The proper use of these markers enables hearers or readers to comprehend information presented in the text or speech easily and effectively. Due to the importance of these markers in written and spoken discourse, various approaches have been proposed to examine their linguistic forms and functions. In this regard, two approaches, namely the coherence-based and relevance-based approaches were proposed. Although these two approaches are widely used to account for the various types of discourse markersand underpin the interpretation of their linguistic and pragmatic functions, they were not without theoretical and practical limitations. The aim of the present study is to provide a critical review of the two theories as used in various types of contexts.This investigation highlighted their strengths,weaknesses, applicability and suitability of analyzing various types of spoken and written discourses. In spite of the huge variance between the two approaches, the review showed that both are complementary to each other. While the discourse-coherence approach gives an answer to the role of these markers in creating discourse coherence, the relevance-based approach demonstrates with evidence that these markers are necessary tools in the hand of speakers to control the direction of their speech and how this speech can be interpreted whether semantically or pragmatically by hearers.

ThispaperaimstoexaminetheeffectsofassimilationincontemporaryIndiancommunitiesonandoffthereservationsinShermanAlexie’sTheAbsolutelyTrueDiaryofaPart-TimeIndian.ThepaperdiscussesJunior,theprotagonist,andhowhehastoencounterthewhitecultureandsocietyoffthereservations.Bytheculturalstudyofthenovel,JuniorispresentedasunabletoassimilatewiththeWhites,andhisattemptsatassimilationaremetbyculturalerasure,identityloss,andinternalturmoil.ThispaperintendstoprovideabroaderviewoftheproblemsexperiencedbyNativeAmericansinmodernsocietybyanalyzingthenovelthroughtheprismofassimilationconcept,thereservationissueandbyemployingthetheoryofNgugiwaThiong’o’sDecolonizingtheMind:ThePoliticsofLanguageinAfricanLiteraturetoaddresstherootcausesofassimilationcrisisinAlexie’sfiction.Accordingly,thispaperconcludesthatthesurroundingculturalenvironmentimposeitseffectsonJuniorandhowhestrugglestoassimilatetomeetitsdemands,yettheresultwouldalwaysbefailurejustbecausehe,andothernatives,wouldnotbeaccepted.

Metaphor comprehension has always been discussed by scholars for several decades. Metaphor comprehension is difficult for both native and non-native learners namely in literature. The current study aims to investigate the factors that affect EFL learners' comprehension in interpreting conceptual metaphors in John Donne's Death Be Not Proud based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory of Lakoff and Johnson 1980. The data were extracts selected from John Donne's poem Death Be Not Proud. The participants were 10 Iraqi university EFL learners whose major is English; they have been selected from fourth year students at university of Anbar, college of Education for Humanities. The participants were asked in a form of questionnaire to interpret conceptual metaphor in the extracts selected and to explain how they understood the given text. The findings revealed that EFL learners faced difficulties in comprehending conceptual metaphor. They were affected by several factors in comprehendingconceptual metaphorsin the selected poem. These factors wereexternal or internal. It has been concluded that varying levels of comprehension among the participants might be attributed and affected by some factors that may lead to non-understanding or misunderstanding. Some of these factors are: cultural and background knowledge, lack of exposure to literary devices, cognitive biases, emotional states, social and ethnic context, teaching and learning style, interest and motivation and critical thinking skills.

Mulk Raj Anand, an eminent figure in the realm of Indian literature in the English language, has garnered widespread recognition on a global scale for his literary contributions. Anand's literary trajectory is characterized by his depiction of the socio-economic circumstances and encounters of the underprivileged castes within the context of traditional Indian society. Anand delves into the subject of caste-based discrimination throughout his body of literary works, particularly in his novel entitled "Untouchable." This studyaims to examine the voices of untouchables who have been discriminated against and oppressed. A qualitative data analysis method is implemented. The methodology employed in this study involves the use of textual analysis as the data collection technique, whereas the tool used for assessing the data is content analysis. The data were analyzed through an extensive compilation of quotations related to the main characters, categorizing them according to their importance and relevance using postcolonial theory as the basis for interpretations. The findings indicate that the upper caste of Hindu beliefs systematically oppresses multiple innocent individuals, leading to the denial of equal positions and opportunities in society. This suggests that they are actively reassessing the traditional relationship between the dominant and subservient social strata. The study recommends conducting further research in the field of postcolonial literature to investigate the subject of hypocrisy, discrimination, oppression, anddominance with the various methodologies employed

Overtherecentdecades,theenvironmenthasemergedasamajorthreattohumansocietyandEarthitself.Uncontrolledandinappropriateexploitationofnaturalresourceshaspushedusdangerouslyclosetoacriticalpoint.Ecologicaldisastersarebecomingmorecommonworldwide,andourenvironmentisontheedgeofcollapsebecausetherainforestsarebeingdeforested,fossilfuelreservesarerapidlydepleting,thenaturalbalanceofseasonsisdisrupted.Theenvironmentshouldberecognizedasanessentialcomponentofpoliticaldiscourse.Paststudiesshedlightsolelyonman'sdestructiverelationshipwithnature.Additionally,pastliteraturereflectedthenegativeandtragicconsequencesofenvironmentalcrisesonhumanbeingsonthepersonalandsociallevels.However,theinvestigationofthesuitablesolutionstotheenvironmentaldisastersaswellasthereconsiderationandreconceptualizationofman'srelationshiptonatureinthiscriticaltimearenottakenintoconsiderationintheexistingliterature.Thus,thisstudyaimstoexaminetherepresentationofnatureinthetimeofclimatechangeandraisehumanawarenesstowardstheenvironment.PaulaCizmar'splayTheChiseraisselectedforthisstudyandthestudyisconductedwithintheframeworkofArneNaess‘s“Ecology,CommunityandLifestyle:OutlineofEcosophy1989”.Thestudyconcludesthatenvironmentaldisastersaretheresultofman'santhropocentricconductandthereforeitplaysasignificantroleintherehabilitationoftheearthandmanatthesametime.

This study dealt with the definition of the biography of Haruniyah in Conjugation,Najmuddin Omar bin Ahmad Al-Herawi, as well as the biography of Ahmad bin Aladdin, as well asthe definition of Haruniyah in Conjugation,and the definition of her so-called explanation. (Tab’yeen Al-Qawa’id Fi Ta’ameem Al-Fawa’id), as I spoke about the classifier's approach to writing his book, I elaborated on the methodology of Sharah Ahmed bin Aladdin in explaining this meter The study aims to familiarize itself with the Haronian book and its curriculum, which specializes in drainage science. It was not a famous book in Arabic libraries, it was ordered to be publicized and its curriculum is one of the important things that scholars seek to know, as was the definition of its explanation. (Indicate the rules) and indicate his approach from the objectives of this study as well, and our study has stood on a number of results related to both books and their owners, and all success is from Allah.