Journal of Kufa legal and political science

In order to achieve qualitative outcomes at the level of human and financial resources, we must start with investing in scientific research, and this can only be achieved by targeting the parties that benefit from these outcomes. This initiative must come from the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

There is no doubt that married life may crack in many ways, and perhaps one of these ways is the issuance of a ruling to imprison the husband. Islamic law has taken into account the protection of the wife from any harm that may befall her as a result of the husband’s absence from her, whether in the legislation of the right to divorce due to absence, desertion or loss, despite the disagreement of Muslim jurists regarding the legitimacy of divorce for this or that reason. Perhaps one of the issues that has emerged, especially with the emergence of the idea of ​​the state and the development of punitive measures, is the issue of imprisoning the husband, especially in criminal cases and the resulting potential harm to the wife in staying away from her husband, especially since the right to stay at home or the right to intercourse are among the matters that the sacred law has guaranteed to the wife, which has prompted some Islamic sects to grant the right to divorce due to the imprisonment of her husband to protect her from falling into the abyss of vice, even if her imprisoned husband has money or alimony from which the wife can live. There is no doubt that separation due to the husband’s imprisonment is a frequently occurring issue, but we find that the jurisprudential explanations regarding it pass without detail or interpretation, and the matter is also reflected in the judiciary, which usually witnesses few decisions regarding it, and we do not know what the reason is, whether it is on the part of the Iraqi judiciary and its tendencies in general, especially the period following 2003, and the tendency of some of the judiciary to reject the judicial separation suit on the pretext that it violates the provisions of Sharia, despite the legal texts remaining unamended, or whether it lies in the wife herself, who is either clinging to her husband and waiting for his release, or she is hesitant to request separation for social reasons or other reasons.

Governments are working to encourage competition in the economic sector and to benefit from the experience of the private sector in investment in sports. In order to increase the employment opportunities for athletes in the sports sector to manage various projects, the importance of sports support comes from the role played by sport in the economy, The expansion of sports means creating more job opportunities for individuals and increasing income. It also works to reduce the deficit of the state budget and reduce the rate of inflation to reduce the financial burden on the state, And raise the efficiency and quality of performance for institutions and employees in the sport sector to ensure profit and the dissemination of culture and awareness and encourage investment in the field of sports and the introduction of reforms on the infrastructure and organizational structures and the laws and regulations and financial in the field of sports and participation of workers in the field of sports as shareholders with investors from the private sector.

This research seeks to shed light on the principle of transparency as one of the most important means adopted by States in confronting tyranny and corruption, and their destruction subsequent, especially after the emergence of a modern constitutional trend adopts this principle, either on the level of constitutional principles and freedoms or the level of structure and work of the constitutional authorities.
In this regard, the problem of research is dealing the decline of academic interest in the issue of transparency at the level of purely administrative sciences, and its relative departure from interesting in this issue from a constitutional perspective.
BY Using a comparative analytical methodology that examined the constitutions of ( Kenya, Tunisia, and Iraq) the research was divided into two major topics; the first topic was: Transparency. The second topic was entitled "The Constitutional Employment of the Principle of Transparency". God grants success .

The beginning of the second half of the twentieth century witnessed the beginning of a new phase in the development of the capitalist system, characterized by what we can call "international production", as the production process within the capitalist project began to take place at the international level, such that the global economy gradually replaced the various national or local economies. The tool and means of this transformation were the dominant companies, which appeared at the end of the nineteenth century in the United States of America, and from there spread to Europe, which opened a new phase of capitalist concentration, such that the stages of the production process within a single project were distributed across the various countries of the world, while continuing to be subject to central control by the companies under study, which became a phenomenon that must be attempted to be rooted, and the legal formulas that are compatible with its nature and surround its activity must be sought.

Constitutions are no longer a purely political document that regulates political matters related to the practices of authority and its relationship with people or the formation of its structures, but rather they have become a document that clarifies the economic, social and cultural dimensions of the functions of authority and its practice. Therefore, the justifications for including such matters in the constitutional document give it great importance, as political authority has no escape from the necessity of exercising it. Constitutions set many rules and regulations, and stipulate many functions and practices, at a time when it is noted that political authorities do not abide by this in many cases, and work to evade it with many justifications that the authority establishes on the constitution as well, and this is due to the different interpretations that constitutional rules may be interpreted with

Sports organizations, businessmen or sports clubs provide financial support for all the possibilities that sporting events require for the purpose of commercial advertising for themselves, for their production, or for any other reason related to their social status, as each organization needs to be financially resourced to sustain and develop ED and achieve its objectives, and that the continued dependence on government support is insufficient, so relying on the self-financing of sports institutions is one of the important outlets to provide these required financial requirements, marketing is a process aimed at exchanging goods, services and ideas undertaken by the institutions or Individuals through a career planning services mechanism to create the desired goods and services and to determine their prices, distribution methods and appropriate means of promotion to achieve the objectives of the two marketing parties, both the beneficiary and the producer investor.

The Abstract the increase in the volume of trading and the magnitude of gains made by investors led some of them to engage in illegal business to profit at the expense of the interests of other dealers and the interests of the financial market and the national economy. One of the most common illegal trading practices is manipulation of prices and transactions of insiders, which harm the integrity of trading processes and violate the principles of justice and equality in access to information. In this research, we discussed the concept of these practices and the mechanisms carried out by the supervisory bodies in dealing with these practices and ways of preventing them. We found that the Iraqi legislator is less organized than the comparative legislations in the formulation of legal rules that prohibit and penalize dealers or third parties in the conduct of illegal acts that harm the interests of investors, the market and the public interest.

Governments are working to encourage competition in the economic sector and to benefit from the experience of the private sector in investment in sports. In order to increase the employment opportunities for athletes in the sports sector to manage various projects, the importance of sports support comes from the role played by sport in the economy, The expansion of sports means creating more job opportunities for individuals and increasing income. It also works to reduce the deficit of the state budget and reduce the rate of inflation to reduce the financial burden on the state, And raise the efficiency and quality of performance for institutions and employees in the sport sector to ensure profit and the dissemination of culture and awareness and encourage investment in the field of sports and the introduction of reforms on the infrastructure and organizational structures and the laws and regulations and financial in the field of sports and participation of workers in the field of sports as shareholders with investors from the private sector.

Administrative contracts are a means for the administration to implement its development and investment projects and plans, as the administration enjoys, by virtue of them, broad powers that grant it the privileges of public authority. In order for the administration to conclude these contracts in a manner that guarantees the administration’s commitment to the contractor’s implementation of its contractual obligations on time and without delay, and within the technical specifications required by the contracting party or the beneficiary party, in a manner that guarantees the regular and continuous operation of the public facility, the contracting process must go through a series of procedures that ensure the selection of the best qualified contractors from a technical, financial and legal perspective to implement the contract to be concluded. This requires specific procedures to determine its requirements and the mechanism for submitting bids, and then the mechanism for selecting the best bid in order to achieve proper implementation of the contract.

The administrative and financial corruption are regarded as the spreadwide historical phenomena and historical Serbah proliferation is not limited to Al country without the other or one time, it has become much more serious than in past, especially after U.S jnvaid occupation of Iraq in a year (2003) because corruption has become a culture practiced by some of the staff, became the corruption scourge serious' challenge the largest of which is facing economic development and state-building and the promotion of economic reality, and the statement of negative effects on unemployment and inflation, investment and all other activities effects, spread across bribery, nepotism, embezzlement and abuse of public office, tax evasion and crimes of money laundering and operations of the smuggling of oil, Iraq has occupied the last rank Fair corruption Perceptions of the index transparency international. The study stressed the great role played in the media print and broadcast media, which represents the fourth power in finding appropriate Alaayant to combat administrative and financial corruption that affected all state institutions, and to work together with the relevant organs to combat this dangerous phenomenon, which carved the body of the state bodies, as the study confirmed the relationship between the media and economic development as well as the relationship and interdependence between the media and the economy.

The research on this topic revolves around the conjugation of crimes, which called the association of crimes and its impact on the objective criminal policy "comparative study," as this research follows the position of lawmakers on it with a focus on the vision of legislators in the need to develop texts of their own despite the existence of physical pluralism Between the crimes based on the magnitude of criminal risk that resulted from the behavior of the offender and because it affects more than a protected interest has been attacked by him, and in view of the above, the research on the subject of the association between crimes finds its importance of being focused on the meaning of the association between the crimes and understanding the scope and extent Independence in the sense of From other terms that might interfere with it, all the way to see the substantive provisions arranged by the legislator to check the status association between the crimes committed by the perpetrator.

One of the most important problems of human relations is the enslavement of human rights against human brother. It is an old-fashioned problem where history exploits the weak power and develops such exploitation to such a degree that it exploited its poverty and ignorance to be replaced by commercial contracts under the weight of human trafficking. A state of origin or a transit country or a destination country, to the point that estimates are estimated to be large numbers of thousands of people who trade across international borders all over the world. Poverty, ignorance, wars, economic crises, corruption and the political instability of many countries are the motive behind this phenomenon. The international conventions, laws, conventions, protocols and conferences that have dealt with the fight against human trafficking have taken a wide legal dimension. Phenomenon. , Which was embodied in the international efforts to combat this phenomenon through the conclusion of a number of international conventions. These agreements reached the aim of adopting the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. This Protocol was ratified by the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime 2000 .

That the Iraqi constitutions that provided for the establishment of supreme or constitutional courts are the Iraqi Basic Law of 1925 and the Constitution of 21 September 1968 as well as the Transitional Administrative Law of the State of Iraq for the year 2004 and the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005, and the constitutions of Iraq for the years (1958-1963-1964 - 1970) did not include in their articles constitutional provisions for the establishment of such courts.
We have found through the research that the jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court provided for in the laws of the organization is wide and comprehensive and its powers include all Iraqi territory. There is no judicial authority superior to the authority of the Federal Supreme Court. And the obstruction of the work of the Court is due in many of the gaps in the laws governing the work and lack of legislative proceedings in front of them. Of the Civil Procedure Law No. 83 of 1969 and the Evidence Law No. 107 of 1979, and the regulatory relationship between the courts and the Federal Supreme Court (the organization of the judiciary) in terms of prosecutions obstructs the functioning of the court and the transfer of a case from another court to the Federal Court There is no clarity on the duration of the membership of the Court. There is no provision for the selection of other judges in the event of vacancies due to death, dismissal, resignation or other members. And that the independence of the court is affected by the political situation, and political parties and components seek to influence their work through quotas. There is no definition of the nature of the Supreme Court in that it is purely judicial or not judicial because of the text of the law on the words of individuals and not the words judges. There is a shortage in the work of the court in the fight against corruption and address deviations in the practice of the authorities and does not move the case before the court automatically, as well as the issuance of a law on the procedures for the trial of the heads and the authoritative in its provisions and binding, and there is ambiguity about the law of the Federal Supreme Court because it was issued on the basis of the law The administration of the transitional state is also abolished. The court relies on the law of pleadings and the law of evidence issued under a repealed constitution. If the nominal law in the state is annulled, the ordinary laws should not be amended or repealed. One of the proposals is a critical review of the laws governing the work of the Federal Supreme Court. And addressing the legal gaps in the laws governing the work of the court and the lack of legislative proceedings in front of that court

Means the Succession of another person's solutions in the rights and oblegations, and the transfer of rights and oblegations is determined by the benefits of various means and applications of these means and applications seem to us the will of benefit, as the commandment of benefit means to recommend one person to transfer ownership of the recommended after his death , It is known that the commandment means the transfer of rights from the predecessor, who is the testator to the successor, which is recommended for him without compensation, it is ownership after death.
The difference in this description can arise between living and deceased people, contrary to the known rule of the fact that differentiation can occur between the living only, and especially the benefit.
The succession of the deceased to the recommended benefit did not happen without the intervention of the will of the forefathers, but it is not one of the ways in which the will is pure, but the will, in addition to the death of the person, is the reason for the transfer of the benefit by the commandment. It was the subject of the commandment of the commandment of the subjects to be discussed, and the recognition of its provisions and the discussion of those provisions and the resulting effects, the fact that the disobedience to the commandment of the ways in which the mixture is mixed with the involuntary disagreement, for the intentional separation, the origin of the commandment, Non-voluntary The originator is the death of the person.Therefore, our research on the subject of fragmentation because of the commandment of benefit requires us to shed light on the concept and effects and extension in the legal reality in terms of appearance and termination.

The investment manager in the stock market contributes greatly to encouraging investors to invest their savings in the stock market through investment funds which represent one of the forms of collective investment in securities. These funds collect the savings towards selling and buying securities, The way of investment funds The legislator has placed at the disposal of savers who wish to invest in securities, but reluctant to fear the lack of funds or because of the lack of knowledge and experience, which avoids the risk of loss of savings, as most of these little experience and knowledge To deal with securities and those who want to deal in this field of securities and know the current and future market conditions, movement and prices of securities on the one hand, and knowledge of the issuer of securities and the ability to analyze data issued by the other hand, and the use of those who have the ability to understand market conditions and help In making decisions related to trading securities, and the ability to successfully invest their money in the stock market .The investment manager of the stock market has a set of obligations, some of which are the result of the contractual relationship between the investment manager and the investor. Obligations are contractual and the law is regulated, while other obligations are provided under legislation imposing on the stock market advisor.