Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

Twenty four individual Karadi male lambs. weighing 22.3+2.25 kg live weight and 4 months old were used to investigate the effect of two levels of Rosemary ( 0 and 7.5 g RO/kg DM ) fed with either NaOH-treated or untreated barley straw on the diurnal patterns of plasma growth hormone (GH) , serum sugar (SS) , serum urea nitrogen concentration (SUN) serum uric acid (SUA). concentration during 24 h post morning feeding were investigated . The tested groups were fed randomly on one of the following experimental diets . Diet 1 and 2 fed untreated straw supplemented with 0 and 7.5 g/kg DM ,RO respectively ; Diet 3and 4 fed NaOH-treated straw supplemented with 0 and 7.5 g/kg DM , RO respectively , Within 2-3 days before ending the feeding trail , blood samples were taken from the experimental animals to determine GH, SUN, SS and SUA . All diets were associated with post- prandial increases in GH, SS and SUA and decreases in SUN concentration during the first 6 h post morning feeding . SS ,SUN and SUA concentration in lambs received RO was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed diets without ., While GH was not affected . Lambs fed NaOH-treated straw was significantly (P<0.05) increase SS and reduce SUA as compared with those fed untreated straw.

The effect of three levels of rumen degradable nitrogen (1.0 , 1.3 and 1.6 g RDN / MJ of ME) fed with two levels of Nigella Sativa (0 and 7.5 g NS / kg DM) on the diurnal patterns of plasma growth hormone (GH) , serum sugar (SS) , serum urea nitrogen concentration (SUN) and serum uric acid (SUA). concentration during 24 h post morning feeding were investigated .Twenty four individual Karadi male lambs were used .They were weighing approximately 30 kg live weight and 6-7 months old . The diets were formulated to be given a 40 parts NaOH-treated barley straw DM to 60 parts concentrate DM. GH,SUN and SUA concentration decreased and SS concentration increased in all lambs fed the experimental diets during the first 6h post morning feeding .There was no significant effect of RDN and NS additives on growth hormone (GH) and serum sugar (SS) ;However ,GH and SS of lambs fed 1.3 g RDN/MJ of ME either with or without NS was slightly higher (p>0.05) than those fed other treatments . Serum Urea Nitrogen (SUN) was significantly (p<0.01) affected by the levels of RDN and NS supplementation .Lamb fed increasing levels of RDN was significantly (p<0.01) increase SUN, while NS supplementation significantly (p<0.01) reduced SUN and significantly (p<0.05) increased SUA concentration.

The study was conducted to determine the effects of the age of male and female and the interaction between them on fertility of broiler breeder flock , using Hubbard flex flock which consists of ( 12 ) males and ( 40 ) females at 44-47 weeks of age( mature birds ) and same numbers at 65-68 weeks of age( aged birds ) .Artificial insemination were used in mating within same age group and between various age groups using 0.05 ml. of undiluted semen or 0.1 ml. diluted semen with Lake diluent . pooled semen were used for each age and 1:2 dilution rate . Eggs were collected during the period 2-8 days after insemination and set in the incubator for seven days before broken to examine the embryonic development and determination fertility of various treatments ,Results indicated that there were no significant differences in fertility among age groups included in the experiment , while there were significant interaction effect between male × female ages on fertility . There were no significant differences in fertility between diluted and undiluted semen .

Breed differences in the semen quality of Iraqi sheep were studied on 16 rams, 8 of each, Karradi and Arrabi. Rams were habituated on the method of electrical stimulation with a bi-polar rectal probe. Semen samples were collected within two weeks and their characters which included, volume of ejaculate, color, pH, mass motility percentage , individual motility percentage, concentration of sperm , viability percentage, abnormal sperm percentage and acrosomal abrasion percentage were tested for both Karradi and Arrabi breeds. The results revealed that the volume 0.61ml, o.59 ml, color degree 1.25, 1.5, pH 6.89, 6.9, mass motility 66.25% , 63.75%, individual motility 60%, 58.75%, sperm concentration 121.88 million/ml, 120.5 million/ml, viability 74%, 70.25%, abnormal sperm 17.13% , 18% and acrosomal abrasion 18.5% , 19.25 respectively . Karradi ram semen showed higher viability percentage 74 ± 1.3 than that in Arrabi 70.23± 0.56 , and it is highly significance (p< 0.01). Karradi sheep in general may have been adapted and acclimatized exceptional well in the middle part of Iraq compared to Arrabi sheep.

Field experiment was carried out to study the effect of two irrigation systems and soil leveling status on the yield and water use efficiency by maize ( Zea mays L ) , Drakhma variety planted in Khalis silty clay calcareous soil during autumn – 2006 season . Strip irrigation system significantly increased leaf area , number of rows /ear and number of grains / row as compared with the sprinkler irrigation system . The results indicated that leaf area , number of rows /ear , number of grains/ear , weight of ear and weight of 1000 grains increased non significantly under the effect of soil leveling practice . Whereas, significant interaction was found between irrigation systems and soil leveling status. Strip irrigation system exhibited significant effect on the most growth and yield characters under soil leveling practice. However, Maximum yield (8677 Kg. Ha) was obtained at the combined ( strip*soil leveling ) treatment . On the other aspect, sprinkler irrigation was more efficient system to produce one unit weight
of grains and in mean daily water consumption as follows:
(Sprinkler * soil non leveling, 1.77 m3 ) >(Sprinkler*Soil leveling,2.02m3)> (strip * soil leveling, 2.32 m3 ) > ( strip *soil non leveling , 4.62 m3. kg- ) . Whereas, mean daily water consumption was 8.84 and 10.46 mm . day- under sprinkler and strip irrigation systems respectively.

Isolation of bacterial from eye infections (conjunctivitis) was carried out in this study39 specimens (55.71%) gave positive bacterial culture from totally(70) samples. We found that staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis in 35.71,20% respectively from the total isolates. Antibacterial activities of the antibiotics vancomycin, oxacillin, cephalothgin chloramphenicol, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin Staph. Aureus and Staph. Epidermidis shows resistance rate about (4,12, 16, 28 , 8, 8% ) and (7,14,14.28 ,35.7,28.57,42.85,21.42%) respectively. The inhibition ability of black tea alcoholic extract against Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis isolates at concentration (10, 20, 40, 80, 100%) were (13,15,17,19,27) mm, (10,14,16,18,24 ) mm of inhibition zones respectively.

During the spring period of 2008 laboratory experiment was conducted in Diyala province to study the allelopathy effects of different concentrations of the aerial parts (leaves , stems and flowers ) extracts of (Secale cereale L.) and wiled mastered (Brassicai nigra L.)on plumul and radical length . Rhizobium growth and nodulation of(Vicia faba L.) .The results showed that the aerial extracts had a significant herbicidal effects (specially in high concentrations ) on plumul and radical length of (Vicia faba L.) as well as the extracts inhibited the Rhizobium growth and had a significant decrease of nodulation.

This study aimed to determine the rate of infection by Toxoplasm agondii in AL- Khalis district Cross section khalis and to detect the effect of a certain factors such as age ,sex ,occupation , social class and contact with domestic cats. The study used Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) to detect Toxoplasma antibodies . So this study showed that the rate of infection by toxoplasmosis among tested population 45.6% for the examined blood samples . and there were significant relationship between anti-toxoplasma antibodies and age(P<0.05) , while there were no significant relationship between social class and the rate of seropositivity. Also this study showed a presence of percentage rate 0.5% for parturition malformated embryo as a result of transmission of infection from mother to embryo transplacenta . The higher rates of abortion due to toxoplasmosis was found to be in the first trimester of pregnant women whose who had previous abortion with percentage 30.5% , 13.3% respectively.

This study was carried out to compare between used of ginger and metronidazole drug in treatment of salmonella. This study consisted of used (24) of white rats, were randomly divided to three groups. Eight rats for control and eight for each of treated groups. The rats in T1 group treated with metronidazole drug , and the third group (T2) treated with ginger , after the third day of infection . The results revealed a significant increase in feces weight in T1 and T2 groups compare with control group. The study revealed non significant effect between the three groups in dead animals .Finally, this study appeared decrease in percentage of animals weight in the third group (T2).

The aim of this study is investigated the repellent effect of powder of four plants : Borago efficinalis ; Mentha piperta ;Officinalis anisum; Eucaluptus glubulus against the red flour beetles Tribolium castanium. The repellency effect determained in three increasing concentrations (5,10,15)%(w/w) for all investigated powder plant in 48 hr . The results appeared that M. piperta was most repellent efficiency plant in value (26,43,76.6)% in concentration (5,10,15)%(w/w) respectively then O. anisum (10,23.3,60)%; E. glubulus (10,23,53)%, B. efficinalis (6.6,23,43)% also this study appeared the efficacy repellency of the plant against red flour beetles increasing with increase the concentration of powder's plant and exposure time.

This study was conducted in an orchard at Baquba City \ Diyala Province؛during the growing season 2002 -2003 to determine the effect of soil salinity level on some physical and chemical characters of Lemon fruits ( Mahali ) cultivar, 16 years old budded on Sour Orange rootstock grown under date – palm trees. Trees were selected from three sites with different salinity levels ( 1.67, 3.11, and 6.42 ds.m-1 respectively) . The study showed that fruit and juice mean weight decreased significantly with increasing of soil salinity. While this salinity caused an increase in fruits total soluble solids , and fruits total acidity , while it was not so for fruits juice percentage .

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum fungus on the availability of some elements and its population with corn planting . The experiment included four levels of T.harzianum. inoculum 0.5 , 1 , 1.5 , 2 gm/kgm . of soil and three levels of organic matter 1, 2 , 4% respectively .leave of plant Samples were taken after 20 , 40 , 80 days of planting to determine N , P , K in the leaves . also soil samples were taken in the same period to count population fungus. The results showed that the concentration of N , P and K in plant leaves at any stage of plant growth increased with increasing of inoculum levels and percent of organic matter addition. Treatment (2 gm of inoculum) gave 2.27 mg N/gm plant with increasing 98% as compared with control. While the treatment (2 gm of inoculum after 80 days) was superior as compared to the control which gave 3.55 mg N/gm plant . Inoculum levels also gave an increasing in phospherus content as in (2 gm inoculum treatment) which gave 0.168 mg P/gm plant. The interaction treatment (2 gm of inoculum and 4% organic matter) gave 0.179 mg P/gm plant. This is good indicator for the effect of inoculum and organic matter level with time to increase the availability and uptake of nutrients . Also K-uptake gave high increasing in (2 gm inoculum) which gave 1.52 mg K/gm plant. Inoculum treatments gave an increasing in the Cfu such as 22.7 x 105 (in 2 gm of inoculum) while treatment (2 gm inoculum after 80 days) gave Maximum Cfu 35 x 105 compared with control 0.38 x 105 Cfu.

A Field experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Station, College of Agriculture, Tikrit university in the season 2007 to Compare the effect of potassium foliar application with potassium added to soil on growth and yield of cowpea plant. Four levels of potassium Fertilizer were added to the soil (0 , 50, 100 , 150) Kg K. ha-1 Four levels Foliar Supplement application of potassium Fertilizer (0 , 4 ,8, 12) Kg K. ha-1 were used with (37.5 kg K. ha-1) were added to the soil . Results indicated that all the potassium levels added are significantly increased growth and yield compared with control. The third level of ( 37.5 Kg K.h-1) added to soil with (12 Kg K.h-1) was superior among supplemental application and gave a better results in plants length ,number of pods , yield of grains with no significant effects in the treatment(150 Kg K.h-1), while there was significant effect in protein percentage . The highest level of soil application of K ( 150 Kg K.h-1 added to soil) gave a better results in dry matter weight, and 100 grains weight over all levels of soil and foliar application.

A field experiment conducted in the college of agriculture, Diyala University, to study the effects of different air pressure in rear tire on some of tractors performance. By using the machine unit tractor type New Holland TT75 FWA, with moldboard plow triple body type Aydin Pullk, in silty clay soil. The experiment was conducted according to the Complete Randomized design (C R D) by four replicates. The effects of three levels of air pressure in the rear tire tractor (150, 110, and 70) Kpa on actual travel speed (Km / hr), slippage Percentage (%) and effect field capacity (dounam / hr). The results were showed that the tractor gave the beast performance when the air pressure was below in the rear tire. Meanwhile decrease pressure from 150 Kpa to 70 Kpa had showed significant increasing on actual travel speed from 4.99 Km /hr to5.75Km/hr While significant decrease show on slippage percentage from 19.6 % to 5.3 % and this has lead to significant increasing on Effect Field Capacity by increasing quantity ratio 13.29 % under property 0.05 levels.

A field study was conducted during growing season (2008 – 2009) to know the response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) CV. Nantes for spraying by growth regulator Atonik and Fe . The experiment was in RCBD factorial design with three replications. Atonik two concentrations (0 , 1) ml\L and Fe four concentrations ( 0 , 200, 400, 600) mg\L were used . The results showed that significant increases in growth yield and quality where obtained as a result of spraying Atonik and Fe .The treatment of 1ml\L Atonik gave yield 5.81 ton\don .The highest yield and root content of B .carotene resulted from interaction between Atonik treatment and Fe at concentration 600 mg\L 6.21 ton\don and 21.64 mg\gm fresh weight respectively.

This study was conducted at vegetable farm / Research of Horticulture and forestry / Alrashidea /Mosul /Iraq .The objective of this research was to study the effect of soaking of Pisum seeds for two cultivars Joff and Anward in zinc sulphate solution (0.25 ,0.50, and 1.0) % in addition to the control treatment (soaking the seed in tap-water for 12 hours) , for both two seasons 2000/2001 and 2001/2002. The results showed that there were significant increasing in the rate of germination ,plant length ,the number of branch per plant, and reduction in the days for flowering as a result for soaking the seeds in the solution of zinc sulphate .Also there was significant increasing in pods characteristics (length ,weight and the number of pods /plant) and then increasing in the yield /plant and production for unit area ,the highest production for unit area was (2.64 ,2.91 ) ton /donum for both first and second seasons respectively as a result for the interaction treatment of soaking seed in 1.00% solution of zinc sulphate, and Joff cultivar gave highest production (2.28 ,2.32 ) ton/donum for both two seasons than cultivar Anward

A study was conducted in private agriculture site in Akarkuf-Baghdad during autumn season 2001 on potato tubers CV.Desiree (class-B). Potato seeds were planted on Sep.20. on two richedes ( 4.5 X 1.6 m). The experiment included 6 treatments resulted from two tuber sizes small with diameter less than 35mm and medium one with diameter 35-55mm , beside three plant distances between tuber seed 10 , 15 and 20 cm . The treatment were distributed in Afactorial experiment with three replicates in Randomized Complete Block Design ( R.C.B.D ) . Means were compared according to L.S.D. test with 5% significant level . The results indicated that there no significant effects of tuber size on the percentage of germination , stem thickness , average weight of marketable tuber and number of small tuber / donium .Where as medium size tuber treatment increased significantly the number of principle air stem / plant , plant length , number of tuber / plant , plant yield , weight and number of large and medium tuber / donium , weight of small tuber / donium , weight and number of tubers for the marketable and total yields / donium . As Far as the effect of plant distance , the results showed that there is no effect of it on the germination percentage , number of principle air stem / plant length , number of tuber / plant , average weight of marketable tuber , yield of plant and number of small tuber / donium .The treatment of large plant distance of 20cm increased the stem thickness if compared with 15cm distance . Where as 10cm plant distance raise weight and number of both large and medium size tuber / donium , weight of small tuber / donium , weight and number of tuber for each of marketable and total yields / donium if compared with planting using 20cm distance which reduce all the properties mentioned above except weight of small tuber / donium which gave less weight when planted on 15cm distance . The interaction between volume of medium size tuber and less plant distance results in a high values of number of principle air stem / plant , plant length , weight and number of tuber for each of large and medium tuber / donium , weight of small tuber / donium and weight and number of tuber of both marketable and total yield / donium . The results indicated that the high germination percentage , stem thickness , number of tuber / plant , plant yield and number of small tuber / donium was resulted from the interaction between medium tuber and largest plant distance)

The experiment was conducted at Al- Rashidiya region belong to Baghdad governorate to study the possibility of using Article palm rachis in evaporative cooling unites as a wet pad. Three pad thickness were used with three different levels of exhaust fans including: one, two and three fans in the opposite direction during July and August of 2008 , to measure interior dry bulb temperature, cooling efficiency, interior relative humidity, air suction velocity, and air flow in order to determine which one of them is better in evaporative cooling when that pads are used in poultry house. a factorial experiment with a complete randomized design with three replication was used, the statistical analyses revealed that the pad which constructed from ( 8 ) cm pad thickness with two exhaust fans gave interior dry bulb temperature 28.2 c°, cooling efficiency 81.8 % , relative humidity 73.7%, air suction velocity 0.85 m\s ,and air flow 15300 m3\hr . The pad that constructed from ( 8 ) cm thickness with two exhaust fans was recommended because it showed the best performance during the experiment

A research Study was conducted on (Helianthus annuus L.) var. Teddy Bear to investigate the affectivity of 3plant spacing (20, 30, 40)cm and number of stems per plant (1, 3, 5) stems on the following characters : number of days to 75% flowering, flower diameter, stem length, stem diameter, fresh weight of the flowering stem. In the two year results showed that there is a significant effect of plant spacing on all characters studied except number of days to 75% flowering, and flower diameter for first year results. Number of stems per plant had a significant effects on all characters studied, on the other hand there is no significant effects due to interactions between the two factors studied.

The experiment carried out in Horticulture department College of Agriculture and forestry, Mosul University, during agri-season 2005 – 2006 to study the effect of priming seeds of carrot CV. Nantes in osmotic solution of PEG 6000 with concentration 0, - 4, - 8 Bar, and the effect of four levels from mineral fertilizer (calciumnitrat, monosuper phosphate and potassium sulphate) at (0,0,0) (30,40,45) (60,80,90) and (120,160,180) Kg/dounum and interaction between them on qualitative characters of carrot roots CV. Nantes. Results revealed that there are significant increase for B-carotene and total sugar as aresult for adding amineral fertilizer, the fourth levels of fertilizer added the highest content of B-carotene and total sacharaieedes reached 27.92 mg/gm fresh weight and 25.74% respectively, and there were asignificant differences between the interaction treatments, while there was no significant differences for core/cortex as aresult for priming treatment or fertilizer treatment and the interaction between them, there was asignificant differences in the percentage of the elements nutraition as aresults for primering in osmotic solution and mineral fertilizer treatments and the highest percentage for P and K was 0.311 and 0.350% respectively as aresult of the interaction treatment between the primie in-8 bar and fertilizer with 30-40-45 Kg/dounum, while the highest percentage for Ca was 1.14% as aresult of the interaction treatment between the primie in-4 bar in osmotic solution and with out addition mineral fertilizer .

The study was conducted on the Gypsferous soil type at state board of Agric. Res / Hort. Dept. / College of Agric. / Univ. of Tikrit from 20/4/2007, , included ten treatment conside to coincidence between five treatment: NPK , NPK + Cow manure , NPK + sheep manure, NPK + poultry manure, control, and two type of water (with or without magnetized water by magnetron. Treatment disbursed in factorial experiment actuality three replication according to RCBD mean comparing according to test (L.S.D) on probability level 5%. Results showed the best significant vegetative growth were obtained by magnetized water , which gave the higher number of shots(30.23). compare with normal water The treatment of NPK with poultry manure gave the best significant result of vegetative growth comparative with most treatments except NPK + sheep manure. treatment of NPK + poultry manure with magnetized water results increased significant in vegetative growth and gave the best result significant of fruit number (2860) and total yield for NPK +poultry manure and NPK +cow manure which gave best result (12.5067) (11.4883). interference NPK +poultry manure with magnetized water and normal water which gave (2860 fruit) and NPK + poultry manure with magnetized water gave the best result significant of total yield (14.034)

Two levels of urea fertilizer (i.e. Zero and 30kg, N/D). and Seaweed extracts, Sea forc1 (2ml/L) as follows : (Zero, once, twice and three times) as foliar application in cucumber plants cv. Babylon were used . Plants were grown in AlSalihya and Al-Rashidya districts Ninewah during spring season/2009. Results indicated that , there was significant effect due to urea , sea force1 and their interactions on stem length , plant dry weight , chlorophyll, carbohydrates , Fruits , diameter and length , early and total yield , firmness , total soluble solids and vitamin C content in fruits , and nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium in levels. Generally plants grown in AL-Salihya district gave higher mean values of studied characteristics than those grown in AL-Rashidya district the study revealed that the interaction between 30Kg N/D and spraying three times with Sea force1 was the best treatment , which increased total yield 34-31% and 37.13% in AL-Salihya and AL-Rashidya districts .

The study aimed to assess of tomato roots infection by Glomus mosseae individually or with relation to Trichoderma harzianum and Humic acid and there effect on the total product of tomato in sterilized soil . The results shows that : Tomato root are void of Glomus mosseae infection after 30 days of planting in the comparison treatment Humic acid and Trichoderma harzianum individually in comparison control treatment . Tomato roots treatment with Glomus mosseae without Humic acid addition results increase of tomato roots infection 29.10 % after 30 days of planting in comparison to control treatment (0.0) and product increase was 69.338 Ton / H ., and with Humic acid addition results increase of tomato infection 58 .50 % in comparison to control treatment (0.0) and product increase was 95.153 Ton/H .The treatment with G.mosseae inter related with T.harzianum without Humic acid results increase of tomato roots infection 38 % comparison to Trichoderma treatment (0.0) and product increase was 83.606 Ton /H . The Treatment with Glomus mosseae and Trichoderma harzianum inter related with Humic acid exceeded all the other types of treatment and it showed increase in tomato roots infection with Mycorrhiza 64.2 % which reflected increase in tomato product 117.609 Ton/ H .

The practical application of this experiment was done in one of nurseries in baquba city duing season on 2007 . Egg plant varity “ dania 2006 “ was used in this experiment to find the effect of three medical plants seeds extraction : Black cumin aqeous , Fenugreek aqueous, Fennel aqueous as well as naphthalene acetic acid (on egg plant seed germination and seedlings growth . Results indicated definitely that seeds socking treatment got the best one compared to with out socking or socking with distilled water ( for germination period , % germination %germination rate , and %germination pour ) . High significant differences for socking seeds with NAA solution compared with socking seeds with fenugreek and fennel aqueous extractions ,while there was no significant differences between socking with this regulator and socking with black cumin aqeous extraction . The results also show that socking +spraying (the seedling) treatment got significant differences in vegetative characters of seedling ( long , numberof branches / seedling , number of leaves / seedling , leaves area / seedling and fresh weight of seedling ) compared with socking only or spraying only . The NAA treatment got significant differences in most studies characters flowed black cumin then fenugreek and fennel extraction ( no significant differences between this two treatments .