kerbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Background and aim: An orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) is different than ordinary tablets
since it was designed to be disintegrated in the mouth cavity rather than swallowed to
stomach. ODT has been used for elder, children and patients who have swallowing difficulty.
Lornoxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which used as analgesic, anti-pyretic
and anti-inflammatory agent. Baclofen is used as a muscle relaxant; therefore, adding
baclofen to lornoxicam in the same dosage form unit could both help improve certain
musculoskeletal problems and improve patient compliance. The aim of this study was to
formulate ODT of lornoxicam/baclofen containing different amount and types of
disintegrating agent.
Method: Ten formulas of lornoxicam/baclofen ODTs using different excipients and
superdisintegrants including crospovidone (CP), sodium starch glycolate (SSG),
croscarmellose (CC) and banana powder in different concentrations. Different evaluation
tests were performed for the tablet formulations involving tablet hardness, friability,
content uniformity, weight variation, thickness, tablet disintegration and dissolution test.
Results and conclusion: The results demonstrated that formula containing 5% of SSG has a
better formula with disintegration time of 15 seconds and better percent of drug release
reaching more than 99% of lornoxicam and more than 95% of baclofen after 45 minutes of
dissolution study. All formulas have acceptable results except tablets containing banana
powder since their disintegration times were more than 5 minutes.

The experiment were performed in present study to estimate the protective and the therapeutic role of
ethanolic extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalies) leaves against acute destructive changes in rats
due to high dose of paracetamol, 1ml/ 1000mg/ kg that led to a particular aspect of heart necrosis,
congestion, vacuolation of heart muscle cells, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Leaves and stem of
(Rosemary officinalies) were collected, identified, dried, powdered and extracted by using 90% ethanol in
soxhlet apparatus. Twenty healthy albino mature male rat’s Rattus norvegicus were used in this study
were divided to four groups, including group1 (control group) group 2 were given over-dose of
paracetamol for 3 weeks, group 3 were given combination consist from high dose of paracetamol and
alcoholic extract of (Rosemary officinalies) for 6 weeks, and group 4 were given rosemary extract for 3
weeks after it was given over-dose of paracetamol for 3 weeks. The histopathological result showed that
the alcoholic extract of rosemary officinalis have the protection effect when used in combination with
high dose of paracetamol that clear in microscopic appearance of the heart muscle in group 3, while the
histopathological result of group 4 revealed the therapeutic effect to the alcoholic extract of rosemary
officinalis and the microscopic appearance showed the intact heart muscle. The present study revealed the
productive and treated role to alcoholic extract of rosemary officinalis on heart muscle after long term of
overdose of paracetamol that showed degeneration and vacuolation in muscle fiber addition that
infiltration of inflammatory cell, the extract of this plant resolve the pad tissue changes on the heart tissue
especially in group 4 that appear intact heart muscle and in group 3 showed reduce the sign of the
overdose.

In this study 30 white mice were taken and the mice were burned by an iron alloy
(size 5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide) connected to an electric current after reaching the
redness and placed on the mice's back. The mice were divided into 6 mice for
treatment with honey burning at a concentration of 100%, 6% of mice treated with
honey at a concentration of 75%, 6 mice for treatment with honey concentration of
50%, 6 mice for treatment with chemical drug silver sulfadiazine and 6 mice for
control which placed in sterile cages to ensure no contamination of burns.
The most effective treatment was honey with a 100% concentration. It was cured
after 24 hours (the first day). After 72 hours (the third day), the burn was fully treated
until it was not cured, The least effective treatment is the chemical drug and honey
concentration of 50%. Swabs were taken from the burns. The results showed that the
1st & 2nd concentration doesnot containing any type of contaminated microorganism,
While the third concentration, control sample and Chemical treatments was found to
contain two types of pathogenic bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa & staphylococcus
aureus) witch cause infections in burned mice.

The study was carried out in the Laboratory of public health , directly of health for the period from 3/ 4/ 2016 to 20 / 12 / 2016 on some prepared compounds that contains amide or amine group in concentrations ( 50, 100, 150) mg / dl .
To detect their inhibitory effect on pathological micro –organism
( Escherichia coli , pseudomonas aeruginosa , proteus spp. And staphylococcus aureus) , using the modified agar diffusion method as a culture media . Some compounds containing amide group in compounds
( 2, 8, 9) showed inhibitory effect on pseudomonas aerug:nosa while compound (11) has inhibitory effect against pseudomonas ,This effect was attributed to that the compounds (2 , 8 , 9 )contains more than one pyridine ring in addition to containing many amide groups , while the compound (11) contain mercury in addition to pyridine rings and amide groups .

The aqueous, ethanol, chloroform , and acetone extracts of Aloe vera cortex leave were studied for their antimicrobial activity against two Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia ) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) using agar well diffusion method. The extracts revealed different levels of antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial pathogens. St .aureus was very sensitive to all types of extracts represent by a higher inhibition zone as (35.51mm) for acetone, (6.83 mm) for ethanol and (5.60 mm) for aqueous extract. On the other hand, chloroform extract showed lowered activity against Escherichia coli only and no activity against other bacteria were found. Used antibiotics against all bacteria compare with the best organic solvent which was acetone extract against all bacteria. It gave a better minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) which was (12.5 mg/ml), (50 mgml),(25 mg/ml) against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. The results showed that the best organic solvent for Aloe vera which revealed a higher antibacterial activity was acetone extraacts.

A series of new compounds including heterocyclic units have been synthesized. The chemical structures for these compounds were characterized by using FT-IR ,H-NMR, spectroscopy and the melting points were recorded, the purity were checked and the end of reaction by TLC with evaluated the biological activity for some of them.

Background: Nephrocalcinosis is a clinical pathologic condition characterized by abnormal deposition of calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate in the renal parenchyma, which can result in impaired kidney function.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Eruca sativa aqueous extract in prevention of nephrocalcinosis induced by a large dose of oxalic acid in rabbits.
Materials and Methods: Twenty four healthy domestic rabbits were equally allocated into three groups and were distributed into: normal group (without drug), oxalic acid group and Eruca sativa group. Both the first and second groups were received distilled water, while the third group received aqueous extract of Eruca sativa for ten consecutive days. Single high dose of oxalic acid was given to induce nephrocalcinosis in rabbits of the second and third groups (except normal group) after 2 hours from receiving of distilled water and Eruca sativa extract at the first day. Blood samples were collected from all animals for biochemical analysis. Urine analysis and histopathological examination were performed for all rabbits to verify the presence of crystals in urine and renal tissues.
Results: Eruca sativa aqueous extract produced highly significant reduction in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine , with significant reduction in serum Na+ , and highly significant elevation in serum Ca2+ and serum K+ levels, also it is produced highly significant reduction in the calcium oxalate crystals density in urine and renal tissues when compared with of oxalic acid group.
Conclusion: Current study found that the aqueous extract of Eruca sativa effectively prevented the formation and deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tissues, thus preventing the occurrence of nephrocalcinosis.

Recents studies focus on production and purification of antibodies for rapid diagnosis, or passive therapy for treatment bacterial, viral and cancer disease.The present study is an attempt to prepare and produce polyvalent and monovalent diagnostic antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Immuno absorbance method was dependent for polyvalent antisera purification to get monovalent antibodies against P. aeruginosa. Animal model were rabbits for hyperimmunization to get polyvalent antibodies. Slide agglutination for preliminary rabbit serum assay against P.aeruginosa antigen. ELISA was done to confirm monovalent antibodies purity. The prepared monovalent antisera was highly sensitive (96%) and highly specific (95%) to detect P. aeruginosa.

Some heterocyclic compounds containing S,O and N have been synthesized starting from sulfadiazine drug. The starting material has converted to Schiff bases in order to be another derivative which are oxazepines and tetrazole rings. The structures of these derivatives have characterized by using FT-IR, H-NMR spectroscopy and the melting points were recorded with the TLC to check the purity of these compounds. The antibacterial activity has studied against sta

The present study was designed to describe the histological changes in the lacrimal gland of adult rabbits after exposure to formalin and treated by ciprofloxacin. Lacrimal gland samples of fifteen rabbits were collected and divided into three groups, group (I) included (5) rabbits represented control group, while the rabbits in groups (II) included (5) rabbits exposed to formalin, were given two drops were instilled in the one eye/ day of formalin 10% for (7) days. Group (III) which included (5) rabbits were given two drops / day of formalin 10 % were instilled in the one eye for (7) days and in eighth day were treated with eye drops of 0.3% ciprofloxacin. The ciprofloxacin eye drops were instilled in the one eye of each rabbit for (5) days. The samples were fixed in 10 % formalin, routine histological technique was done and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin ( H& E). The present study revealed as a result of exposure to formalin, there were hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the acinar epithelial cells, increase in the secretory activity of acinar cells, destroyed in some acini also was seen, marked dilation and congestion in the blood vessels and clear dilation in the interlobular ducts. after treatment by ciprofloxacin in group (III), the histological observation of lacrimal gland was similar to that in (I) group.

A Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the assay of Promethazine hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The method based on formation of a Chloroform-Soluble green colored product having an absorption maximum at 606nm with after coupling of PMZH with 4-Aminoacetanilide in presence of N-bromosuccinimide in acid media (HCl). The optimum conditions for the reaction are described Beer̕s law is obeyed in concentration range2.0-22µg/ml, (R2=0.9965) having molar absorptivity of 9530.136 L.mol-1.cm-1, Sandel sensitivity equal to 0.0336µg/cm2. The proposed method was successfully applied for estimation of Promethazine hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical (ample) formulations. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible RSD<0.4743%, DL=0.2129µg/ml, Average recovery=100.54% depending on the concentration of promethazine hydrochloride. No interference was observed from common excipients.

The current study aimed to determine the epidemiological infection of toxoplasma gondii and learn their prevalence toxoplasmosis among Samarra' University female students, As well The study focused on highlighting some factors such as social status Contact with cats and the effect of infection on testosterone and progesterone. We could get (100) samples of the blood of female students, ranging in age between (19 - 27) years. The blood was separated and stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of -20 ° C until the examination. The samples were examined by detecting antibodies by latex antibody test and 53% were positive. Then positive resulting in latex were examined in cobas e 411, Germany, was established to detect IgM and IgG antibodies and the proportions were 22.6% and 77.4%, respectively. The samples were divided into (4) groups of each group containing (25) samples. The first group included single women, the second group were married (without pregnancy), the third group was pregnant and the fourth group was abortions. The results showed that the infection rate was 16.9, 24.6, 18.8, 39.7%, respectively. In the case of direct contact with animals, especially cats, the highest rate of infection when contact with cats was 77.4%. The results of the statistical analysis at P ≤ 0.05 showed significant differences in testosterone at a rate of 0.813 ng / ml. And progesterone hormones at a rate of 19.130 ng / ml in pregnant women with toxoplasmosis compared to control group.