Al-Fatih journal

The aim of this study is to find out the effect of using a program proposed according to generative learning strategy on learning the technical performance of the butterfly swimming. The researchers employed an experimental design. the collected data were treated by using mean scores ,standard deviation , and t-test for both corresponding and independent samples .
The findings of the study lead to the following conclusions:
- The proposed program has an efficient positive effect on learning butterfly swimming .
- There are significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post –test in favor of the experimental group.
The researchers recommended :
-using the proposed program in teaching swimming in general .
- Adopting generative learning strategy in teaching butterfly swimming since it helps to avoid mistakes and build an ideal motor behavior economically in terms of time and effort .
-using the assisting tools employed in the proposed program with some other water activities due to their efficiency in achieving aims .

This research entitled “The Role of Expression and Metaknowledge Skills in Teaching” aims at showing an important feature of Arabic language which is its eloquence. perhaps ,the eloquence of the Glorious Qur’an and the beauty of Its style and rhetoric give the science and learners lessons in the discreteness and precision of expressions which confers Arabic language with beautiful speech and expression that is considered a branch of Arabic which its importance is not negligible in the scientific fields, especially in the classroom teaching , the research has displayed this importance and the impact of expression in teaching .
The research is divided into two sections , the first: expression in teaching that has four subsections:
1 - the concept of expression : terminology
2 - the problem of expression in Arabic.
3 - the importance of expression in teaching.
4 – The types of expression
The second : metaknowledge in teaching that contain the following subsections :
1. The concept of metaknowledge .
2. The importance of metaknowledge
3. The types of metaknowledge
4 - The role of teacher and student in the development of metaknowledge skills.
The researcher has adopted the descriptive approach in this research, and the research has begun with an introduction that presents a summary of expression and metaknowledge in teaching .
The researcher has come up with the following results :
1 - The research showed the importance of expression for students as a means of expressing himself and as an important means Communication temporal spacial distances.
2. The research revealed the types of expression and the role of every one in classroom learning.
3. The research took into account the problems of expression such as the material methodology , and the students themselves.
4. The research revealed the different types of metaknowledge skills such as the ability to plan , watch and assess .
5. The research identified the role of the teacher and student in metaknowledge skills and their influence in classroom teaching.

The current study aims at knowing
1-The psychological resilience of Baghdad University students.
2 - The psychological resilience according to gender (male/female) and specialization (humanity/ scientific) of students in Baghdad University.
3 - The emotional value of university students.
4- The emotional value according to gender (male/female) and specialization (humanity/ scientific) of students in Baghdad University.
5- The relationship between psychological resilience and the emotional value among university students.
The present research is limited to the morning study in Baghdad University from both genders (male/female) and for both specializations (humanity /scientific).The sample consists of (150) male and female students drived by using the random method. The researchers have prepared a scale for measuring the psychological resilience consists of (23) items, they are given (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) when correction. In order to ascertain the validity of the scale, the researchers have used the logical validity and the construct validity. As for the reliability of the scale, the researchers have used Alpha-Cronbach formula, where the reliability of the scale of psychological resilience is (0.732). However, the researchers have prepared a scale for measuring the emotional value which consists of (21) items when correction, they are given (1,0). In order to ascertain the reliability of the scale, the researchers have used Kuder-Ritchardson equation, where the reliability coefficient is (0.76) for the scale of the emotional value
In order to treat the data of the present research, the statistical means have been used through using the statistical package (SPSS). However, the results show the following:
- University students have characterized by psychological resilience.
- There are no statistically significant differences according to gender (male/female) on the scale of psychological resilience.
- There are no statistically significant differences according to specialization (humanity/scientific) on the scale of psychological resilience.
- University students have emotional value.
- There are statistically significant differences according to gender (male /female) for the benefit of males.
- There are statistically significant differences according to specialization (humanity/scientific) for the benefit of scientific on the scale of emotional value.
- There is a proportional positive relationship between psychological resilience and the emotional value in university students.

This research was carried out on managers of sports activities in colleges of sports activities department in Diyala University. The aim of this study is to evaluate the administrative performances of the managers and the extent of the administration role in the implementation of activities within the college. In this study, the sample and the method of this study were determined. A descriptive approach was used through a survey method to fit with the nature of the problem. The sample of the study consisted of 22 directors, as those participants were chosen in order and in the non-random method. The questionnaires that were distributed to the managers consisted of four areas and 30 paragraphs in the field of administration. The questionnaire was reliable because it was tested in a previous study where it was applied to a sample of directors similar to the sample of this study. The questionnaires were collected and were analyzed statistically. The result of this study showed that there are statistical differences in the responses of the participants. The results showed that the managers have an operational and administrative role for the administration elements that is more suitable for their work and activities, and according to management plans that lead them to the top levels. The result also shows that the managers are keen to implement a successful administration that is characterized by planning, organization, leadership and guidance to ensure their success and achieving the best results.

This Research Was Aimed To Investigate The Effectiveness Of Teaching The Subjects Of The National Center For Measurement In The Development Of Conceptual understanding And The interest Towards Mathematics Among Female Students Of The Faculty Of Education At Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University.
The research sample consisted of (12) female students of the Faculty of Education. The research was based on the quazi experemental approach. The research tools consisted of the conceptual understanding test and the interest scale towards mathematics applied on the sample before the experiment and after it.
The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the research group members in both the general conceptual understanding test and the level of interpretation due to the study of the subjects of the National Center for Measurement in favor of the post application, and there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the research group at the other levels. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the research group in the total interest towards mathematics in favor of pre-application, and there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the research group in the levels of interest scale towards mathematics, research was presented a set of recommendations and suggestions which it possible to contribute to the development of the preparation of teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The current study aims at identifying the extent of English language teachers’ employment and satisfaction with e-activities in primary education. The author adopted the analytical descriptive and applied a questionnaire to identify the extent of employing e-activities by English language teachers and a scale for measuring their satisfaction with it. The study sample consisted of (164) English language teachers from primary schools in Saudi Arabia. The study concluded that the sample agreed to English language teachers’ employment of e-activities with a mean of (2.01 out of 3.00). There is a variance in the sample agreement to the extent of their employment of e-activities with a mean of (1.49 to 2.41). Further, participants showed a high level of satisfaction with e-activities employment in primary education with a mean of (2.22 out of 3.00). The study recommended preparing training programs and specialized workshops for English language teachers in primary education on e-activities and their design

The current study aimed at identifying the effectiveness of using skype in improving achievement of knowledge of skills of using Skype and electronic interaction among elementary students. An e-learning environment based on Skype, an achievement test for knowledge of skills of using Skype, an observation card for measuring e-interaction skills were prepared. Quasi-experimental approach adopted to identify the impact of Skype on improving achievement and electronic interaction among 5th grade female elementary students. Results concluded that after using skype, achievement of knowledge of using skype and e- interaction skills improved among participants. The study recommended rephrasing the content of curricula of elementary stage to be compatible with web-based skype procedures.

The currently research aims to suggest imagine to develop the Faculties of Basic Education according to Entrances of contemporary reform .
Research conclusions
1. The development of Basic Education Colleges is doing through the development of each element of the Education system from philosophy ، Education aims ، Curriculum content ، Methods and Teaching strategies .
2. Contemporary reform entrances have a very important in the development of Colleges of Basic Education .
Research recommendations :
1. apply imagine proposal on the basic Education college .
2. provide the important supplies to apply the proposal imagine.
Research Suggestions :
1. A study designed to evaluate the fields of education at the college before the Execution .
2. A research designed to develop Managers of Art and Technical departments .

The current research aims to identify the effect of Koscroff's model on the acquisition of the historical concepts and beyond-knowledge thinking of second-grade students. The sample of the study consisted of (60) female students (30) and (30) students per group. Hall A was chosen to represent the experimental group studied according to the Koscroff model, To represent the control group that is taught in the normal manner. The two groups were rewarded with variables: (temporal age, intelligence, tribal testing of historical concepts, thinking beyond knowledge). To achieve the goal of the research, a test was constructed to acquire historical concepts consisting of (50) thematic paragraphs of the multiple choice type, and the adoption of the Shraw & Dennison (1994) meta-cognitive test which was used to measure the level of cognitive thinking in adults and adolescents, 47). The validity and reliability of the two instruments were verified. Using the appropriate statistical methods to process the data, the results showed that the female students of the experimental group studied the Koscroff model on the students of the control group in acquisition and thinking beyond knowledge. In light of the researcher's findings, a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions were developed.

The current research aimed to identify the level of cognitive motivation of female students in the preparatory stage
In order to achieve the objective of the research, the descriptive approach was chosen. The current research is determined by the preparatory stage students in the morning schools for girls only in the district of Baquba district of the General Directorate for the education of Diyala for the academic year 2018/2019.
The research tool was ready, namely, the scale (Shammari, 2009) to measure the cognitive impulse and to make amendments to it by extracting honesty and consistency and was applied to the same basic research in Fatima High School for Girls (100) students. The statistical means chosen in the current research are Tae for one eye, Pearson correlation coefficient)
The results showed a high level of cognitive motivation in general among middle school students
In the light of the results, the researcher issued a number of recommendations and recommendations. The most important of these is the need to contribute to the responsible educational institutions in the process of investing the high cognitive motivation of the students, thus contributing to the promotion of scientific participations and activities, thus contributing to achieving scientific progress and progress to excellence in the field of knowledge and science.

The study aimed to identify The Relationship Between illusion control And Personal Need for Structure Among Educational Counselors,, The researcher used the descriptive approach and the sample of the study reached (150) Educational Counselors,The researcher used the illusion control scale According to Langer's theory and the Need for Structure scale Thompson et al (1992). The Validity(translation, Face Validity, and construction) was verified using consistency, and the Psychometric features of the two scales . The results of the study were: There were statistically significant differences in the illusion control Among the educational Counselors, as well as the presence of statistical differences in the Personal Need for Structure of the educational Counselors. The results of the study also revealed correlation between the illusion control, Personal Need for Structure of educational Counselors.

The present research aims at identifying “The Effect of the Model to Stimulate Thinking in the Development of Conceptual Thinking among Students of the Fifth Grade Literary in Material of History”, by verifying the validity of the following zero hypotheses:
(There was no statistically significant difference between the average score of students of the experimental group who study History according to the model of stimulating thinking and the average score of students of the control group who study the same article according to the usual method in the test of conceptual thinking).
The sample of study was done on female students from fifth-grade literary in one of the Morning Governmental Preparatory Schools and High Schools followed to the General Directorate of Education in Diyala/ Center of Khalis District. The researcher implemented the Experimental method with partial control as a design for the research and to achieve this the researcher deliberately chose (Zainab Al-Kubra Preparatory School for Girls) to conduct the experiment, were section (B) represented the experimental group and section (A) represented the control group and total sample was about (62 students) (32 for the control group) and (30 for the experimental group). The researcher used T-test for two independent samples equal in number, the (Ka 2) square, equation of the coefficient of difficulty, the equation of the power of discrimination, the equation of the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives, Pearson equation, Quaider equation, and Richardson equation. After treating the results statistically, the researcher found out that students of the control group who study History according to the model of stimulating thinking were superior over the students of the experimental group who study the same material according to the usual method in the test of post-conceptual thinking.

The present research aims at identifying the effect of ‘Murder’ strategy on the development of reading comprehension among intermediate school students in the field of reading and texts by verifying the validity of the following zero hypotheses:
1 - There is no significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average score of students in the experimental group in the development of the skill of reading comprehension in pre- and post tests.
2 - There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the average scores of the control group students in the pre- and post tests to develop the skill of reading comprehension.
3. There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the average scores of the students in the control group in the post test of reading comprehension skills.
The study applied the partial experimental method. The sample of the study was 66 students with 33 students in the experimental group and 33 students in the control group who were randomly selected from Martyrs secondary school for boys in the district of Baquba. The researcher studied the seven behavioral subjects in the experiment for reading and texts for the second intermediate grade. The researcher identified the 84 behavioral goals, and prepared a test for the development of reading comprehension in the reading and text subjects of the intermediate second grade students from (30) paragraphs to obtain literal understanding. The researcher investigated the validity of the test and its stability, as well as its statistical characteristics (the coefficient of difficulty, the power of excellence, and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives). The researcher applied the test to the experimental and control groups
At the end of the experiment, which lasted 12 weeks, the researcher adopted the statistical tools unified in the educational package of SPSS (19), as follows: (the test of two independent and interrelated samples, the coefficient of difficulty and the equation of paragraph distinction). After correcting the answers and processing the data statistically, the researcher reached a result that can be summed up as follows:
The students of the experimental group who studied the MURDE strategy outmatch the students of the control group who studied the traditional method followed. The second hypothesis resulted in a growing growth in the development while the result of the third hypothesis shows that there is no growth in the control group ,i.e., there is no difference between the pre-test and post-test in the reading comprehension test.
In the light of the findings of the current study, the researcher recommends the use of the experimental group, MURDER's strategy in teaching reading and text to second-grade students which is of great importance in developing reading comprehension. The researcher suggests conducting a similar study for the current study on other educational material

The present study aims at evaluating of aesthetic education book for the institutes of fine arts, where the researcher adopted the descriptive approach. The sample of the study included (92) male and female students . The study tool consisted of 23 paragraph questionnaire that verified the validity and the stability of the tool, Pearson correlation coefficient , weighted mean and percentage weight. After the data collection and analysis .The study reached a number of results , the most important of which is the clarity font and the size of the scale at the highest degree, followed by the accuracy of the scientific article followed by the lack of typographical errors . The paragraphs that received the least value are the sequence and the link between the doors , the researcher recommended that the book reconsidered and its size must be re-examined the size of the book to fit with hours allocated , and the method of presentation must be suitable for students of the stage. And away from the philosophical method and complexity, the researcher suggested to conduct an assessment of all the subjects taught in the institutes of fine arts and all stages.

The current study aims to know " The effect of the method to recognize spelling errors and its correction in a spelling topic among the elementary –stage students.
The researcher has intentionally chosen (al-Manhal elementary school for boys) that is related to the Baghdad education directorate / Rusafa/3، that includes two sections for the fifth stage ، the section ( A) has been randomly chosen to represent the experimental group that is taught by the method of recognizing the spelling errors and its correction ، while the section (B) represents the control group that is learnt by the traditional method . The sample of the research amounted 66 students ، by (33) students for the experimental group and (33) students for the control group.
In order to fulfill the goal of the research ، the researcher has placed the following Zero hypothesis:
There are not statistically differences between scores ' averages of the experimental groups students who have been taught by the method of recognizing the spelling errors and its correction and scores' averages of the control group students who have been taught by the traditional method in a selling. The researcher has statistically made a equivalence between students of two groups in the following variables (the age multiplied with months ، scores of a spelling topic for the former year ( 2017-2018) ، parents ' education ، and intelligence test). The researcher has used SPSS ( statistical means) ( T-test for two independent samples، K square ،Pearson coefficient correlation ,wrong alternatives activity ، Coefficient of difficulty and ease of paragraphs) . After the researcher has specified (6) scientific topics that he will teach during the duration of the experience، the researcher has formulated behavioral goals and has prepared teaching plans for that purpose ; he has offered these plans to a group of experts to know its validity . Alterations have been made and the plans have thus become ready for application in the light of their opinions .
The researcher has used tool of scale to measure the spelling among students of the research's two groups، it has been chosen one subject from among other subjects to make post-test by the end of the experiment . After analyzing the results ، it has been indicated that there have been statistic differences at the level of (0.05) between scores ' average of students of the research 's two groups in the spelling for the benefit of the students of the experimental group who teach the spelling by the method of recognizing the spelling errors and its correction.
In the light of that ، the researcher has recommended to apply the method to recognize the spelling errors and its correction to the teaching and education for being considered as an essential element to raise the level of the students' ability in the writing as to make competition among the students.
The researcher has concluded that the method to recognize spelling errors and its correction helps the students build their knowledge by depending on themselves and encourage the students to be bravely in the writing and self- confidence .
The researcher has recommended to trust this method in teaching this method among 5th- elementary stage students for being considered a modern method that permits the opportunity to positively make interactions among the students inside the class.
To complete the current study ، the researcher suggest to make other studies similar to the current one in other stages (intermediate and secondary stages).

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the use of the strategy of cooperative integration (GESCO) in teaching some basic volleyball skills (Transmission, reception, scrolling) and cognitive achievement and the attitudes of students in the fourth-grade secondary school. The researcher used the experimental method in the design of the two groups, one experimental and the other control and pre-post measurement of the two groups. The sample included (64) students of the fourth-grade secondary school in Ahwaz Boys School in Diyala Province. The exploratory studies were conducted on (24) students and the basic study was conducted on (40) students. They were randomly divided into two groups, one experimental with (20) students and the other control with (20) students. The researcher used a set of physical tests and basic skills tests (Transmission, reception, scrolling) and the cognitive achievement of knowledge and attitudes of students towards teaching the strategy of cooperative integration (GESCO). The results showed that the strategy of cooperative integration had a positive effect on cognitive achievement, and learning some of the motor skills in volleyball (Transmission from bottom, reception from bottom, scrolling from bottom) or fourth-grade secondary students, and forming positive attitudes among students in the experimental group towards education using the strategy of cooperative integration in volleyball. The researcher also found the need to use the strategy of cooperative integration in the teaching of motor skills in volleyball, And in the achievement of knowledge in the study of physical education for students in the fourth grade secondary and in other collective and individual activities.

This study aimed at evaluating the performance of student teachers at the College of Basic Education from the point of view of specialists.
As a tool, the researcher used a questionnaire which consisted of (30) items distributed over (5) axes. The results of the study were analyzed using appropriate statistical means.
The results of analysis have shown the following:
1.The number of the items which represent points of strengths are (19) items, which constitute (63.33%) of the total number of the items, while the number of the items that represent points of weaknesses are (11) items, which constitute (36.67%) of the total number of the items .
2.The number of axes that represent points of strength are (4) axes, while only one axe represents points of weakness..
3. Planning and preparation of the lesson ranked first with a weighted average (3.34) and a percentage weight (66.8) ,while the axis of means and educational techniques ranked last with a weighted average (2.9) and a percentage weight (58).
The main conclusions of the study are:
1.Staff members at the College of Basic Education are efficient in providing students with basic skills necessary for the education process.
2. Student teachers lack the principles of comprehensive quality . They also lack the mechanisms of applying its standards.
3. Some student teachers are weak in using modern teaching strategies such as think , match, share , problem solving , learning based on problem solving, and others.

Modern technology is one of the most important feactuers of our modren era of diverse and diverse communication methods , with its potential for indivitual & socaiety as well as, studies have shown that the means of modren technology can gain individual creative experiences in many areas , but it is not free of the pros and cons as any new means , depending on how the individual deal with them & how benefit from what they offer ; because it is an open gateway to cultures and informations .
The research aims to identify :
1. The treatment with the socail media of students of kindergarten department
2. The most socail media used by student
3. Awearness of creativity among students
4. Awearness of creativity among students debending on the stage variable
5. The correlation between dealing with the means of social communication and Awareness of Creativity of the students
The sample of research was (200) student , the researcher constructed the scal for dealing with social media and adopted the measure of Awareness of Craetivity for ( Al Mahdawi 2010) .
The results showed the following :
1. The students have a high deal & a lot with the means of social communication and SnapChat is the highest used
2. The students have no awareness of creativity at the requird level
3. The students have no awareness of creativity according to the variable stage
4. Ther is a weak correlation between the awareness of creativity and dealing with social communication in student

This study aimed to identify the most important problems faced by the students of the College of Education for Humanities from their point of view. The study sample consisted of 300 male and female students. The researcher used a questionnaire as a tool for the current study. It consisted of (45) items distributed over four main aspects. Appropriate statistical means were used in the analysis of results.
Analysis of results have shown the following:
1.The number of the items that represent the problems faced by students and affect the level of their academic achievement are(26) items , which constitute (57.78%) of the total number of items, while the number of items which don't represent problems facing the students and which do not affect their achievement level are (19) items, constituting 42.22% of the total number of items.
2.The results showed that the social and economic problems were the most influential problems on the level of students' achievement, which came first with a weighted average of (3.48) and a percentage weight of (69.6).In the second rank came the problems related to the students themselves with a weighted average (3.42 ) and a percentage weight of (68.4 ). In the third rank came the problems related to methodology with a weighted average (3.38 ) ) and a percentage weight of (67.6 ). The problems related to the staff members were the lowest on the level of students' achievement with a weighted average (3.17) and a percentage weight (63.4).
The main conclusions of the study are:
1.The accumulated deficit of the financial budget has had a negative impact on providing the necessary the classrooms with necessary equipment as well as the weak development of infrastructure and the lack of job degrees for the new graduates of the colleges of education for humanities.
2.The pressure on students due to the repeated holidays, in order to complete the items of the curriculum at the specified date negatively affected the level of students' achievement.

Al-Esra’a University English Students Department practice diverse approaches throughout their academic year for vocabulary items learning. However, it is unidentified that which strategy is mostly used than the other. Our present study assists in examining the strategies utilization for the vocabulary learning. This study investigates the subsequent query: "What are the most and the least used vocabulary strategies by the students of the Department of English?" The hypothesis of this study reveals that "The most vocabulary learning strategies used are determination strategies (deciding which vocabulary to learn), and the least vocabulary learning strategies used are social learning strategies (incorporating others in learning vocabulary)". To verify this hypothesis, five parts questionnaire was used which included three questions in each part. This questionnaire was then applied to Al- Esra’a University College’s forty two students from the academic year 2018 - 2019. Data analysis acquired commencing the questionnaire which illustrated the maximum students’ response towards the strategy of determination. Thus, most of the student’s reaction towards the determination learning strategy than social related strategy verifies the accuracy of this hypothesis. This study has been divided into two parts: a theoretical & a practical part. The theoretical part helps in learning the vocabulary using its categories according to the Schmitt taxonomy (1997). Whereas, the practical part focuses on the usage of Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS) for analysis of data. The current study ends at conclusions.