URUK FOR HUMANITIES

Developing countries face a number of problems, including debt, which is a result of the imbalance in the economic structure of a country due to the failure of economic development plans, in addition to the lack of funding necessary to develop the economic sectors that contribute to the formation of its gross domestic product. Debt has political and economic repercussions that affect the sovereignty and independence of the state. This applies to Iraq, which is now exposed to external pressure due to the enormous debt it inherited from the former regime. What exacerbates the problem of Iraqi debt is the unstable Iraqi political situation, in addition to the deterioration of the economic situation, which requires reform and development processes and moving away from the policy of borrowing because it shackles the state and weakens its strength.

Buffalo is one of the most important animals associated with the aquatic environment of the marshes of southern Iraq. Therefore, the research aims to study the geographical distribution of buffalo in the marshes and water bodies of Dhi Qar Governorate, and then to identify the most important natural and human factors affecting this distribution. In addition to studying and clarifying the problems and obstacles facing buffalo breeders. The study area is Dhi Qar Governorate, which is one of the governorates of southern Iraq. The governorate consists of twenty administrative units. The research was divided into several axes. The first axis dealt with a historical introduction to buffalo breeding, the relative rank of Dhi Qar Governorate, and the geographical distribution of buffalo numbers. The second axis studied the problems facing buffalo breeding in the marshes and the most important diseases that affect buffalo.

The month of the Umayyad poet Al-Farazdaq, Hammam bin Ghalib bin Sa’sa’a (11220 AH / 641-730 AD) from Darm and then from Tamim with his verses with his contemporary poet Jarir bin Atiyah bin Hudhayfah Al-Khatfi, which were popular and widespread throughout the years, and moved from Basra to other Islamic cities, then across the literary ages from the era / or stage of the Umayyad rule from the Islamic literary era to our present age, until the verses were almost alone with what they included of pride in his nearest people and his greater tribe, the most prominent purpose in the collection of his poetry that was transmitted to us by the ancient literary historians, which included dozens - if not hundreds of long and short poems and pieces of praise, love and lamentation, which are not mentioned except in this study or that, and in this historical presentation - literary or that, rather his long ones are about fear of the injustice of the governors and rulers and personal or public complaint about their injustice, and description of the restrictions (iron shackles among them and moral restrictions imposed by On himself, prison, and his suffering, along with many of the short poems and passages in which the poet expressed these themes, almost disappeared - with rare exceptions - from the places of fame, popularity, and spread in the large number of studies that dealt with this poet’s poetry, throughout dozens of decades of years.