Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

The current study aimed to estimate the concentrations of copeptin and chromogranin A and some biochemical parameters in patients with chronic diseases. Eighty-five subjects reported different chronic diseases in Azadi Teaching Hospital and Al-Jumhuri Hospital from September 2023 to January 2024. Experimental work was carried out at the Laboratories of Al-Jumhuri Hospital in Kirkuk, Iraq. The volunteers in the current study were divided as follows: 30 healthy volunteers as a control group. 25 patients with chronic kidney disease. 30 patients with diabetes mellitus. 30 patients with heart failure diseases. The results showed some kidney functions in chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and heart failure (HF) patients, where urea and creatinine levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. In DM patients and HF patients, the urea and creatinine levels showed non-significant (P > 0.05) change compared to the control group. CRP percentage in CKD patients was (52.0 %). DM patients and HF patients were (50.0 %) and (46.7 %), respectively, compared to the control group, which was (0.0 %). On the other hand, the results showed copeptin levels in CKD, DM, and heart failure patients were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) elevated compared to the control group. Chromogranin A (CgA) levels in CKD, DM, and heart failure patients significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. Based on the results of the current study, both copeptin and chromogranin A can be considered an important indicator in the diagnosis of some chronic diseases.

The current study aims is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticles manufactured using the green method from aqueous extract of lion's mane fungus against multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE group isolates, which included Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to public health around the world, and to treat this, many therapeutic alternatives are being used, including the use of nanotechnology to create nanoparticles. During this study, isolates from the ESKAPE group were diagnosed and a sensitivity test to five antibiotics was performed, in addition to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their examination using several techniques, including an ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy device, an Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy device, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). And determine the inhibitory activity of nanoparticles against bacterial isolates. The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was accomplished using an aqueous extract of lion's mane mushroom. Tests confirmed that the formed particles have high absorbance at a wavelength of (540 nm). It was observed using a scanning electron microscope that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape and with nano sizes ranging from (20.77 to 29.37 nm). As for the FTIR examination, the range is between (447.49 cm-1 - 3398.57 cm-1). The results of the current study showed that the biosynthesized AuNPs possess antibacterial activity against ESKAPE group isolates, with inhibition diameters ranging from (9 mm – 21 mm)

The current study aims to evaluate the preventive effects of extracts of spirulina and folic acid in treating phenylhydrazone-induced anemia and to study some biochemical and histological alterations on blood parameters, blood lipid profile, The liver and renal functioning has been used and divided into five groups of 5 animals per group at random in plastic cages. The groups were as follows. The first group was the health control group fed the standard diet. The second group was the anemia-induced group, which was injected subcutaneously with Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) (20 mg/kg body weight for 48 hours). The third group received spirulina extract at a dosage of (100 mg/ml). The fourth group received folic acid extract at a dosage of (40 mg/ml). The fifth group received extracts of spirulina and folic acid at a combined concentration of (20 mg/ml) of folic acid and (50 mg/ml) of spirulina. The dose was administered given orally. The study found that PHZ )C6H5NHNH2(injection led to a substantial decrease (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the healthy control group in liver enzymes ALT, AST, and affected the blood lipid profile, as the values of total TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels all rose, but HDL levels decreased as compared to the values in the healthy control group. Dosing the rats previously injected with PHZ with spirulina and folic acid resulted in a beneficial effect and improvement in liver enzymes, as the values of ALT and AST reduced while the blood lipid profile improved.

Walnuts have been the oldest food for living things. It contains biologically active antioxidants, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, moreover minerals such as sodium, calcium, iron, copper, magnesium and manganese, protein and fiber, etc making it a comprehensive healthy meal. This phenols in green walnut fruits have extracted in our study using methanol. Protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and catechin have found among the individual and total phenols. Single-phenolic compound quantification is carried out using a SYKAMN chromatography system and reverse phase HPLC analysis. By using the Folin-Ciocâlteu technique, the total phenolic content (TPC) of the ethanolic extract has been calculated. The IC50 was measured, as well as the free radical scavenging of DPPH. The current research demonstrates the content of phenolic compounds in walnut oil found in the local markets of the city of Mosul, its activity as antioxidants, and its effectiveness in combating free radicals within the body when added to meals. This study may help clarify the overall health benefits of eating walnuts.

The Asos and Dokan anticlines are situated in the Imbricated and High Folded zones, respectively, in the NW segment of Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt within the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The balanced section across these structures was constructed manually on the graph-paper by employing the kink-band methods and restored to their pre-deformed shape, the constructed balanced cross-section was constrained by integrating intensive surface geological observations and available subsurface seismic sections. The study aims to understanding the geometry of the structures as well as fold and fault architecture at depth. The structures are slightly asymmetrical with steeper forelimb and wide crestal region. The average horizontal shortening values of the Dokan and Asos anticlines are (7.21 %) and (17.05 %) respectively, and the fault-related shortening decrease upsection. The Asos anticline exhibits greater fault-related shortening values compared to the Dokan structure due to higher deformation intensity via thrusting processes. The studied section implies that the structures representing thrust-related anticline and the Dokan anticline show pop-up geometry, while Asos exhibits imbricate fan thrust.

Roughness in a wind turbine blade surface has a large effect on its aerodynamic performance. The current research concentrates on the various effects of the surface roughness upon the aerodynamics of a symmetrical NACA 0012 airfoil. In this respect, six kinds of different grit sizes of sandpaper were used: P500, P1000, P1500, P2000, P2500, and P3000, to provide a range of roughened surfaces for the study. In this experiment, the lift and drag coefficients were measured at three angles of attack (5, 10, and 15 degrees), and at three flow speeds of (5, 10, and 15 m/s). It was realized that an increase in surface roughness significantly impairs the aerodynamic efficiency, depicted by a reduction in the lift coefficient and an augmenting coefficient of drag. These changes lead to a reduced lift-to-drag ratio and reflect the importance of smoothness of the surface of wind turbine blades to maintain optimal performance. Comparisons with previous studies corroborate these findings, proving that surface roughness generates increased turbulence and skin friction, causing deterrents in boundary layer development around the airfoil.

In this research, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) test was used to find out the crystal structure of ZnO and its crystal size, the result is that the creation of ZnO NPs has a polycrystalline structure of hexagonal phases. As for an atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, AFM 3D pictures show that the surface roughness are increase with increase the laser energy. The UV-visible device test was conducted to determine the optical properties, and it was revealed that the maximum absorption appears to occur at (400 nm). By changing the laser energy discovered that when laser intensity increased, the ZnO NPs' bandgap decreases. ZnO has been used in antibacterial applications, The result of laser manufactured ZnO Nanoparticles was verified for its antibacterial activities at gram- positive (Staphylococcus aureus).

This research aims to study and finding the conditions for stability of the limit cycle of the proposed model (Log-Logistic autoregressive) based on the cumulative function of the Log-Logistic distribution. We first proved the conditions for the first order orbital stability with period (????>1), and then generalized the conditions for orbital stability of order p to Log-Logistic AR (p). We give some examples of the proven conditions, and then we plot the trajectories by using different initial values.

In this research, we proposed a new non-linear model known as the Lomax autoregressive model, which is based on the cumulative distribution function of the Lomax distribution. Using the local linearization approximation technique, we found stability for the proposed first-order model's limit cycle. Then, we generalized the conditions for the Lomax autoregressive model of order p and found stability for the limit cycle of period (q > 1). Some examples illustrate the state of stability, and we plot the trajectory for the model of different initial values.