Journal Of the College of law /Al-Nahrain University

Care has become in the world of public rights and freedoms of the priorities to be observed in dealing with individuals, governments, and with in that public freedom, freedom of demonstrations, the latter regarded as a manifestation of expression for individuals opinion, about the decisions of the public authority, and this which may be danger to public order, the legislature must determine the authorities lines when she dealing with the demonstrator , and that will be the aim of this study to explained.

The arbitration consider one of the means of adjudicating disputes and this system like all legal systems over the different stages of development, according to the development of societies that appeared to show, in the beginning was considered a way to separate the criminal disputes in ancient societies, to the predominance of tribal and clan power over those communities and the absence of role of authorities due to the lack of political organization, social and economic of those communities, and with the development and progress of societies and the emergence of political organizations, social, economic, and the subsequent emergence of countries in its current form and concentration of Central power in them, and the extension of its control over the territories and the multiplicity of authorities, the judiciary became the normal way to separate in conflicts that take place between individuals in society and justice to be served.
As a result of the development of economic life, especially in the beginning of the nineteenth century and prosperity of international trade, and the change that took place in the patterns of trade relations, and the substantial progress that has taken place on the international community as a result of the Industrial Revolution, which contributed significantly to the increase of commercial and industrial relations between the countries, and the complexity of these relationships the importance of arbitration as an ideal way to settle disputes in the field of international trade had been emerged, which involves a foreign element, whether they relate people or subject due to the lack of an international judiciary and the unwillingness of the parties in the presentation of these disputes on the national judiciary, as model contracts become bills of lading and rent ships and contracts Contracting major works and construction contracts not devoid of the arbitration clause in most cases.
Then the arbitration became one of the most important means of resolving disputes at the national level, but the dispute appeared for the administrative disputes, particularly non Streptococcus them, but it is through research into the nature of these conflicts show a large part of which can be subject to the rules of arbitration, particularly disputes complete judgment

The consideration is just an idea arose in a period of the time under the English Law. This idea is still existing till now; which is the idea of sovereignty of the creditor over the debtor. The idea includes the question: By which sovereignty can the creditor judge the debtor? (the person whom being promised judges the promising person).
In English Law, we do not ask the debtor the reason of being debtor; but we ask the creditor why he became a creditor, also we ask him about the sovereignty that makes him a creditor.
In order to know the history of the sovereignty and the superior rule which enable the creditor (the person whom being promised) to force the debtor (the promising person) to implement his promise (or commitment), we presented this research to answer this substantial question; and that what we have done God willing.

Addiction and abuse of drugs and alcohol and its effect in criminal behavior
The spread of drugs and alcohol abuse and addiction is considered of a social phenomenon humanity accompanied humanity since ancient times and is still a no less dangerous than terrorism which is threatening the international community as a whole and given humanitarian conditions experienced by our dear country , we chose to highlight this serious lesion being a religious and health risks , economic and social , has been a focus on clarifying the role of drug and alcohol abuse and addiction in the events of criminal behavior with some recommendations and proposals that contribute to limiting their spread of this phenomenon at the same time make our country is immune because not to be conduit or a conduit or a consumer of drugs and alcohol

In the subject of homosexually of the most important threads which operates the world right now & raise interest among individuals 0n different kinds intellectual, religious & social, due to the prevalence this and transformated into phenomenon and move advocates from the stage of defense to attack that incarnate to challenged for canons and laws, and interestingly, some countries began to change her idea toward this and issued laws to protect them from all forms of abuse and given legal cover for relation emerging from homosexuality and approved gay marriage and right of adoption .
Manifested the importance in desire to study the phenomenon of homosexuality and warranted on the behavior of its members from actions that could fall within the previsions of punitive certain, with a statement of the position of the new legislation that changed from their positions toward the gay, additions to their relationship to a legitimate description.
Also this search aim to clarify the position of gay and display it in all transparency and stand on the mental and physical aspects of which they are exposed and the most important pointes raised by them to justify their positions.
In light of the significant increase of this phenomenon on according to statistics timid provided by neutral parties and official, highlights the importance of knowing the extent potential current legislation against the phenomenon or resort to protect them in the light of their potential in the formation critical mass in community after they came out of the shadows with the appearance of calls for legal tolerance in many countries.

The maritime transport in the present time is one of the most important means of transport and so cheap compared to the cost of road transport or air transport , and the ships can carry thousands of tones of goods , so the states held many agreements governing maritime trade and everything about them , the multi Brussels agreements and other agreement were for shipping regulation .
And that’s where the voyage need more money , so we find that Brussels for the unification of the rules relating to the privileges and mortgages held in 10 /4/1926 , agreement came to organize these rules , most states insert this agreement in its national maritime legislations , then the Brussels agreement was held in 1967 to replace the previous agreement , than Geneva agreement held in 6/5/1993 to replace the previous two agreements .

electronic banking transport is an advantage of the features of the present time , However, this system is not without some risks to banking customers as a result of the use of these electronic technologies
The civil responsibility of the bank for damages which realized for customer of those banks , One of the important issues that are not of interest to the Iraqi legislature, and leaving it to the general rules in the law and , For this, the preparation of this study was to find some appropriate recommendations, which we hope will be viewed by the Iraqi legislature

This research deals with the jurisdiction of prime Ministers to issue regulations in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq in 2005 and its complementary legislation, it also reviews the types of systems that cabinet can issuance and determine the legal nature of these systems and include them in the hierarchy of legitimacy.
Not only it is limited at this point, but review the substantive and procedural rules that must Cabinet taken into account when issuing regulations, it sits in the previous stages contemporary or subsequent to the issuance of the system, as well as the control exercised by the judiciary representatives, as the Court Supreme Federal or Administrative court.

The complaint for the victim represented his road to justice, meets in which the right of access to the courts , and this way is open to every citizen of any material fact with the character of a penalty, but the complaint is the subject of the study is different from that, it is limited to the crimes registered a complaint, so that may not be the public Attorney - with left behind - the trigger assembly.
It is noted modern approach by comparison legislation toward activating the complaint system, is interpreted as a return to a system of individual charge, but in a different form? Or that modern legislative trend is moving towards privatization of public action?
Considering that system the complaint and waived is a discharge momentum legislative reality at the global level of recognition and other recipes with similar systems such as mediation and settlement of criminal and peace and reconciliation and it is criminal, negotiation, and other recipes legislature that are looking for a way out of trouble when there is a penalty, in other words, for an alternative to suit the public
This topic describes the emergence of the right to complain as the first point in terms of the essence and the legal nature, also includes a second point in the right to waive the complaint in terms of the actions and effects, and through research chapters, we find the positions of jurisprudence and comparative legislation in every controversial issue.
Keywords: right to the complaint, the privatization of public action, a charge the individual, to waive the complaint.