Journal Of the College of law /Al-Nahrain University

It is the prerogative of the national judge to exclude the application of foreign law, which has been referred to as the national attribution rule, in three cases:
The first is a case where foreign law, which the national attribution rule refers to as its application, conflicts with the fundamental fundamental interests of the state, known as "public order".
Second, if the circumvention of the national attribution rule by deliberately changing the attribution officer has led to the application of foreign law to the issue in question, which is called “Fraud toward Law”.
The third case is the “theory of national interest”.
We will devote research to each of them, and at the end of the research will be the conclusion that will review the most important findings and recommendations that have been reached

One issue worthy of consideration is the phenomenon of violence against children, in which much ink has been emptied by jurists, and has also led to intensified international and national efforts to establish rules and mechanisms through which to reduce and eliminate violence against children.
This has been demanded by the international community through many international and human rights organizations, in order to protect this vulnerable group of society.

The importance of research in the search for the idea of independent administrative decisions in the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq 2005, to help the Council of Ministers and the provincial councils in carrying out the duties assigned to them, such as the achievement of public security and achieve development, stop wasting public money, fight financial and administrative corruption, reduce the rate of poverty and reduce unemployment rates And others, the House of Representatives may not be capable to put the legal cover to resolve these problems alone, but the administration should issue the necessary legal rules and procedures simpler and faster in legislating laws, and this on the one hand.
On the other hand, the study sets new scientific foundations for discussing the subject, while acknowledging the scarcity or lack of previous studies that deal with the independent administrative decisions in the 2005 constitution for its ambiguity, on the one hand, and the legislator's lack of awareness on the other.
The research deals with a legal problem which is one of the most complex problems of law in Iraqi legislation, namely, the distinction between regulations and instructions. The legislator has confused them without distinction, sometimes in a single order, leading one function or rising to the level of ordinary legislation at other times. This raises the fundamental question of the system: Does the idea of independent administrative decisions lie in it? Does it carry the same content? Did The Federal Supreme Court succeeded in the disclosure of independent decisions or denied its existence? Thus, did the idea of independent administrative decisions emerged in the context of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005, or has it disappeared completely?
All these questions are answered by this study.

Following the system of in-kind registration in protecting real-estate right,as this system reflects the real image of the real estate, so every person who deals with the real estate will be reassured that he will get his full right,as he works to preserve and stabilize transactions and prevent the usurpation of real estate from their owners and to show the rights of every owner of the real estate, however with the importance of this system,its application may face some of which are precedent to entering the real estate registration department,and som of which are subsequent to entering this department,and the may of these problems are what prompted us to stady them and find out their details and find out their details and find effective solutions for them to be in front of an integrated system that achieves protection for each aperson who deals in real estate.

Collective negotiations play an important role in the settlement of collective labor disputes, which makes the labor laws regulate their provisions by defining their legal concept, whether in terms of definition or statement of conditions and characteristics. They also focus on the role of their parties in managing the dispute through the procedures set by the legislator, To the end and the need to conclude a collective agreement when successful in ending the collective labor dispute

The right to health is one of the most important human rights which are worthy of protection, and this right is a universal right not only to provide health care services but also to all factors that may affect it. This right has been enshrined in many international conventions, In health in accordance with its subjects. The establishment of the Special Rapporteur's system on the highest level of physical and mental health is an important development in the protection of this right if the system has a number of functions which enable it to play a central role in the protection of this right. However, this mechanism often suffers from A number of difficulties, in carrying out their functions, from the weakness of material funding, as well as the unwillingness of States to cooperate with them, which could affect their role in protecting this right.

Tax policy is one of the tools of the state in covering public expenditures, and because the tax policy represents the most important revenues of the state had to be optimized for the tax in achieving decent living, as the tax policy is based on the pillars and pillars of economic, social and political specific vary from society to another and country to country according to Due to the situation and the prevailing system, decent living is one of the rights stipulated in international covenants and conventions, so an integrated strategy must be devised to achieve the well-being of the society to reach a decent living. His hands are taxed on human rights

The purpose of the legislator is put . These instruction in to practice. This method is easy to use if it is compared to the other methods of administratiana dding to theexitence of a necessary interest. Often, The administer ation , in order to carry out its work and for the purpose of running the public utility, needs to maintain and main fain this facility it does this work for the purpose of achieving this purpose the legislator went to legislate these instructions in order to achieve the purpose of the purpose and to facilitate the administration as we mentioned before working on the other hand.

The emergence of the issue of the protection of human rights has become a topic related to the life and development of all peoples and nations in different cultures and geographical locations and their various political, economic and social systems, which is a matter that affects the lives of every human being by nature and composition. This has led to the emergence of the idea of protecting human rights, and this idea has been confirmed with the emergence of a new change in the new world situation, not a quotation in terms of the Constitution, but in terms of international bonds, whether global or regional, and do not forget the origin in the existence of this Market in terms of Islamic law, where the divine legislation between the principles of doing things in the report of public rights and freedoms guaranteed to all without any discrimination due to race, color, creed or social or economic status .

Commercial symbol is considered as one of the moral elements of the commercial project, it is an industrial and commercial property right. The commercial symbol has a direct function in distinguishing from a commercial location to another. It refers to a particular selling location. In this context, the commercial symbol differs from the other distinguishing-marks of the commercial project, especially the commercial name, which aims at distinguishing a project from others. In addition, commercial symbol has an indirect function that shared with the other distinguishing-marks of the commercial project that lies in the identification of products or services of the commercial property.
This study has a legal significant, because it has not get enough attention in Arabic legal literature like other distinguishing-marks of the commercial project, the problem lies is in the lack of legal system to protect the commercial symbol, where the Jordanian as well the French law provides a protection by resort the general principles of the law, since there is no legislation on the commercial symbol.
This study tries to examine the legal system of the commercial symbol in terms of its concept and function, its relationship with other distinguishing-marks, in addition to its conditions, basis and method of protection. In such endeavor, the examination should be made under the inspiration of the position of the French judiciary and jurisprudence in a quest to apply that diligence to Jordanian legislation. Finally some conclusion remarks should be set out.

Experience of the means of proof required by the judicial work .walkhbayr is a person who is an employee Court has technical information. So is the assistant to eliminate the things that are illegal, and that the issue appointed by the response in commercial matters of important issues in the comparative legislation, since due to its business of speed in .uallah transactions will be described in this research the subject of the appointment of experts and their response in commercial matters

The establishment of the Commission on Human Rights (formerly the Commission on Human Rights) in 2006 is a milestone in the reform of the United Nations human rights system, as one of the holders of international rights or through the "location" or "1235" in the order of the company or "1235" The United Nations Commission on Human Rights has mandated the monitoring of human rights and institutional, ideological, muscular, epileptic, muscular, epileptic and muscular rehabilitation resulting from sexually transmitted diseases since 1990 Through the research we sought to clarify the various key points identified by that mechanism, In addition, Taradhana to various difficulties or challenges that prevent the application of this procedure, where we reached at the conclusion of our research to several results, including:

The flexible nature of the special procedures mechanism has enabled the response to changing human rights needs and contributed to the promotion and consolidation of human rights on the ground. The special rapporteurs have been able to draw the attention of the international community to many troubling issues such as police violence, extrajudicial executions and the killing of women on the pretext of defense On the honor and suffering of street children and the persecution of ethnic minorities in many societies, but these procedures are hampered by many obstacles and restrictions when applied, which slow down its work and achieve its goals.

The role of legislative justice is of great importance by protecting the rights of individuals through the law that aims to legal stability in society, and this law must be issued in a clear and easy manner to those who address it and they are individuals to preserve their acquired rights, because the goal of legislative justice is inherent in the law, being - the law - Its fulfillment is expressed, so the law is not fair unless it is guaranteed and expressed in terms of its objectives, as regulating legal relations is a function of the law issued by Parliament.

The selection of the Prime Minister considers as an important issue in the field of constitutional law in general and in light of the provisions of the Constitution of the Iraqi Republican in particular. In accordance with Article 78 of the Constitution, the Prime Minister is considered the direct executive officer of the State's general policy and not only responsible for the general policy of the State (as the Federal Supreme Court has stated). Other functions of the Prime Minister include: Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces، Management of the Council of Ministers, presiding over the Council of Ministers and also he has the right to dismiss ministers.