Modern Sport

The kinetic performance of a fencing player does not depend only on the physical, skill, and tactical aspects, but rather depends on his ability to use his mind or thinking by achieving a balance between those aspects and the psychological aspect, and then his ability to achieve harmony between the self-efficacy represented, which prompted the researcher to develop a guidance program in this sense and this type. Guidance seeks to make the mentor aware of his commitment and responsibilities while leaving him the freedom to make decisions regarding his perception of himself as a person capable of taking responsibility. Given the lack of studies and research examining the field of guidance in the sense, this called on the researcher to develop a guidance program for fencing players. Therefore, the research aimed to prepare (Guidance with meaning) program for fencing players, revealing differences in the self-efficacy of the experimental and control groups in the pre- and post-tests for the players in the research sample, revealing the difference in self-efficacy and ego identity for the two groups in the post-tests. The research sample represented a group of fencing players in the city of Erbil, and the research methodology was It is the experimental approach, which is represented by applying the guidance program in the sense of the experimental group and leaving the control group in its normal conditions. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the effectiveness of the program (guidance in the meaning) on fencing players in the Kurdistan Region. The guidance program in the meaning prepared by the researcher has a clear impact on the level of self-efficacy of the experimental group players, the development of the experimental group players in the post-test in all dimensions, and the total score of the self-efficacy scale.

The purpose of this paper is to knowing the effect of the problem-solving strategy on learning some basic handball skills for second-year intermediate students at Hassan bin Thabit School for Boys. The problem of the research lies in that handball is a group sport characterized by its multiple skills. The researcher found that there is a disparity in the level of learning some basic handball skills, as well as the skills are presented in the traditional manner used by the teacher without taking into account the individual differences between the learners. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the experimental method to suit the research problem and research methods on a sample consisting of (40) students distributed into two groups. The experimental group consisted of (20) students and worked with a problem-solving strategy. The control group consisted of (20) students who worked in the traditional method and both groups were subjected to skill tests. It was applied after verifying the scientific foundations for its application, including validity, consistency and objectivity. The problem-solving strategy was applied and the results demonstrated the superiority of the experimental group that learned using the problem-solving strategy in learning some basic handball skills over the control group that learned in the traditional way. In light of the results reached by the researcher, she recommended with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of using the educational curriculum using a problem-solving strategy to learn some basic skills in other sports.

The purpose of this paper is to prepare educational units for the cognitive training strategy, prepare complex exercises specific to soccer, and identify the effect of using the cognitive training strategy according to complex exercises in learning some soccer skills. The researchers used the experimental method with a rotating design for the two experimental groups and the control group to suit the nature of the research problem. The research aims to identify the research population represented by middle-aged second grade students for the academic year 2023/2024 in the Baghdad Education Directorate Al-Karkh III, who number (132) students divided into four sections (A_B_C_D_). The research sample was chosen randomly by lottery and was Choosing two sections (A - C) to represent the two experimental groups, and section (B) to represent the control group. (10) Students were chosen from section (D) to represent the sample of the exploratory experiment for the research, so that the number of section (A) became (29) students (cognitive training with complex exercises) the number of students in Section (C) (Cognitive Training) was (28) students and the control group was (32) students. The number of students in the exploratory experiment was (10) students, as the percentage of the sample as a whole from the community of origin was (72%). The researchers proceeded to research procedures, including testing. The pre-test and conducting the research experiment as well as the post-test, and the statistical package was used to extract the results until they reached the most important conclusions, including that the cognitive training strategy supported by combined exercises has a positive impact on learning some football skills. The researchers recommend using the cognitive training strategy supported by combined exercises by physical education teachers. To teach other football skills.

The purpose of this paper is to identifying the level of sports competition anxiety, and to identify the effect of the guidance program. Psychological research in reducing the level of sports competition anxiety among basketball players aged 12-14 years. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research. The research community included basketball players at the Specialized Training Center in Babylon, Hamza Nouri Hall, affiliated with the Youth and Sports Directorate in Babylon, ages (14-16 years) for the season (2023-2024), and their number reached (25) players, namely they represent the entire research sample and community. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that: The guidance sessions had a positive effect in reducing sports competition anxiety among the players in the research sample, and the self-confidence dimension outperformed the cognitive and physical anxiety dimensions among the research sample. One of the most important recommendations by the researchers is that: Using the guidance approach in the psychological preparation of players, and its subject matter is based on the psychological factors affecting some personal traits affecting the player’s ability to perform skillfully and tactically ,and paying attention to the psychological preparation process through the presence of a psychologist in the sports team.

The main problem facing female students today is their need for a high level of attention and control over it, as it has an important role as it represents one of the important mental abilities in the cognitive aspect. From here, the research problem emerged in predicting legal knowledge in basketball in terms of female students’ attention control, and the research aims To identify the correlation between attentional control and legal knowledge in female students’ basketball, and to find an equation to predict legal knowledge in basketball in terms of female students’ attentional control, the descriptive approach was used in both the correlational and predictive relationships styles to suit the nature of the study, and the research population was limited to fourth-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Babylon, for the academic year 2023-2024, numbering (39) female students, all of whom were chosen to represent the research sample. The attentional control scale was applied, consisting of (37) items representing (3) areas (attentional focus, attentional shifting, and Controlling the flexibility of attention), and a measure of legal knowledge consisting of (33) items prepared within the vocabulary of the educational curriculum for basketball law for students in the fourth stage. The research came out with a set of conclusions, including the contribution of attentional control in a good percentage to the legal knowledge of basketball for female students, and among the recommendations that the research came out with adopting the equation for predicting legal basketball knowledge as objective evidence in knowing the cognitive level of female students. The research supports the development of study programs and updating curricula in accordance with international standards approved by reputable universities.

The exercises similar to the various and different games that actually happen in competitive football matches work to develop and hone the talents of talented football players under 12 years of age and from young ages, and from the beginning of the player’s training life to reach the higher levels, and the level of good performance of the player is reflected by a set of basic skills and abilities. The possesses talent and creativity in performing complex offensive skills, including receiving and passing, rolling between the posts, and shooting, as football cannot be practiced and its skills performed individually, and the skills must be performed in a complex manner within competition conditions. The researchers set their goals to be preparing exercises similar to a variety of modern soccer games foot and to identify the effect of these exercises similar to playing in developing the performance of complex skills. The researchers used the experimental method on a sample of (15) players, and the implementation of harmonic exercises similar to playing began in the main section only with (24) training units, and the results appeared to us. The research that was presented and analyzed for the pre- and post-tests of the research group showed that there were significant differences in the development (Receiving and passing, rolling between the signs and shooting) for the research group among the conclusions reached by the researchers, it was found that exercises similar to playing have an impact on the effectiveness of performing complex offensive skills and developing them for use in competition conditions. The research supports the goal of health and well-being among the goals of sustainable development.

The KUD strategy is considered one of the strategies that has a major role in thinking between students in one group and between other groups, and thinking between students is different. The importance of the research emerged by relying on the KUD strategy of extended thinking and learning the skill of serving with volleyball in order to achieve correct performance and achieve the basic goal of the research. As for the problem of the study, there is a weakness in performing the skill of serving in volleyball. The researchers attribute the weakness of the skill of serving to this due to the difficulty of performing it because they are new students and studying for the first time with them, and they need to employ all means, methods and methods through which they facilitate the learning process and make the teaching process a fruitful and successful process. The research aims to build a measure of extended thinking for students in the second stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and to prepare educational units based on the KUD strategy to learn the skill of serving with volleyball for students in the second stage, and to identify the impact of the KUD strategy on extended thinking and learning the skill of serving with volleyball for students in the second stage. The appropriate approach was chosen for the nature of the problem and its objectives to be solved, and the experimental approach was taken in the style of the control and experimental groups (pre- and post-tests). The research sample represented students in the second stage of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at University of Wasit for the academic year (2023-2024), with a rate of (185 students), and based on the research requirements, the sample for constructing the extended thinking scale reached (100) students. The sample of the exploratory experiment was (10) students. The experimental sample amounted to (20) students. The control sample was (20). Then, the researchers prepared (5) educational units, one educational unit per week, and the duration of the educational unit was 90 minutes. The research results were then verified using a statistical package. The researchers concluded that the KUD strategy for the experimental group encouraged students to ask questions, develop their ideas, encourage them to solve the problem, and helped develop the skill of serving with volleyball. The development in the level of students, their commitment and continuity with the units, their cooperation within the group, and active participation helped to learn the skill. Explaining, presenting, and applying the skill in an educational activity helped them accurately perform the exercises according to the strategy, and their role is effective in developing extended thinking. The researchers recommended the necessity of using the KUD strategy in conducting scientific research on individual and team games and diversity because it is more interesting. To emphasize the use of the Kud strategy because of its importance in increasing students’ desire and cooperation and motivating and continuing students’ performance. Adopting the constructed scale to measure students’ extended thinking about volleyball because it contributed to developing students’ extended thinking. The goal of development is to ensure that a student does not fall behind in learning and linking ideas to perform the skill and reach extended thinking.

Educational exercises and the mind mapping strategy are advanced educational methods that focus on improving learning processes and organizing information effectively. The learner’s ability to perform this movement efficiently plays a major role in determining his success in the skillful performance of the triple jump event. Through the work of female researchers in the field of education, they noted there is a discrepancy in the artistic performance of the learners of this event, between positive and negative. All of this created a problem for the researchers, and the most important reason may be the learning exercises through mind maps. The researchers used the experimental method on a sample of (36) students in the middle school, Tariq Bin Ziyad School, Directorate of Education. The second Rusafa was divided into two groups: experimental and control. It used the triple jump test to measure the level of performance and achievement. It conducted the pre-test and then gave educational exercises according to the mind mapping strategy to the experimental group. As for the control group, it was learning in the teacher’s style and conducted post-tests after 7 weeks. The researchers concluded that using the exercises The educational program, in accordance with the Mind Maps strategy, works to develop the artistic performance and achievement of the triple jump event for middle school students and recommends using and disseminating these exercises. This achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq, which is (quality education) to provide the opportunity for students to acquire multiple skills as a result of using methods. Different in learning.

Paying attention to the educational process and improving it and its methods has become the main concern of educational institutions and many researchers in order to facilitate the process of providing information to the learner, which helps improve the level of the learner’s skill performance. The research aimed to reveal the effect of using the wave discovery method in stimulating learning motivation and performing some futsal skills by students learning in the sixth grade of primary school. The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research problem. The research community included sixth grade primary school students from Al-Warka Girls School. Rusafa Third Education, Baghdad, for the academic year 2022/2023. There are (38) female students distributed into two divisions (A-B), with (19) female students for each division. (8) female students were excluded, of whom (6) female students were used to represent the sample of exploratory experiments, and (2) A female student for the purposes of homogeneity and parity. Therefore, the total number became (30) female students and this was done randomly using a lottery method. The research sample was distributed into two experimental groups, which took the teaching method (wave discovery method). The control group used the regular curriculum, while the experimental group used the curriculum prepared by the researcher. Conducting equivalence operations and pre-tests, the prepared curriculum was applied, post-tests were conducted, and appropriate statistical methods were used in order to reach the results through which the research objectives were achieved. The results were then presented, analyzed and discussed, and the researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was the superiority of the group that used the guided discovery method in learning motivation in the skill outcome of the skills of handling, rolling, and putting down the futsal ball. The researcher recommended the necessity of using the guided discovery method in the process of learning motor skills because it has a significant impact on the students’ learning level.

The research included an introduction to the research and its importance, which emerged from the necessity of identifying female students’ personality types through their thinking styles according to Herman’s theory and its relationship to learning a complex basketball skill in order to better achieve the educational goals of the physical education lesson. The research aimed to identify the thinking patterns of High school students and the relationship between thinking styles according to Hermann's theory in learning the complex skill (dribbling and shooting) and through the imperative method followed in High schools for girls. Assuming that there is a statistically significant correlation between the patterns of thinking according to Hermann’s theory and the imperative method followed in the physical education lesson in learning the complex skill (dribbling and shooting). The research sample consisted of (90) female students, with an average age of 17 years, from the fifth grade of High school at Al-Firdaus High School for Girls / Baghdad. The researchers used the descriptive approach in a survey method because it suits the nature of the research in revealing the results of the field experiment and its relationship to a personal psychological phenomenon related to the research sample with one equal group and with two post-tests, the Hermann Scale of Thinking Patterns test and the basketball skills test. The researchers reached the conclusion that the executive style (B) came in first place in the strength of the relationship between it and the composite skill performance in basketball, at a level of (good) using the traditional imperative method in teaching the skill. The objective style (A) also came in second place in the strength of the relationship for the previous variables. Same level (medium). The imaginative style (D) came in third place, and then the emotional style (C) came in fourth place in terms of the strength of the relationship between the mentioned variables, at a level of (weak). The researchers recommended the necessity of subjecting students and learners to personal, physical, mental and psychological tests before subjecting them to education and training processes in order to choose the most appropriate effectiveness for them, and the educational and training methods and means appropriate to the individual differences between them. When executive individuals appear in tests of thinking styles, educational and training methods that differ from those that It is applied to other individuals. They also recommended conducting other similar research on different samples in terms of activities, age groups, educational levels, and gender. Disseminating the results of the study to educational and sports institutions to benefit from the results it produced.

The purpose of this paper is to prepare rehabilitative exercises using the inverted table device for women with a herniated disc, and to identify the effect of these exercises in improving the muscular strength of the back and abdominal muscles in order to get rid of the injury. The importance of rehabilitative exercises using the inverted table lies in improving the muscular strength of women with a herniated disc by restoring functions. Vitality and improving the health of the spine: A herniated disc occurs in most women because they perform incorrect movements, including sudden waist twisting movements, and carry heavy weights, as well as being exposed to traumas such as falls, pregnancy, natural birth of the fetus, and obesity, which causes a herniated disc. The two researchers found while touring the rehabilitation centers that the injured are subjected to methods Repeated and traditional rehabilitation. Therefore, the researchers prepared rehabilitative exercises to treat women with a herniated disc. The experimental approach was also adopted by designing one group with a pre- and post-test on (8) female patients visiting the Autism Center. The chosen method was intentionally appropriate to the nature of the problem in terms of goals and hypotheses. The two researchers prepared rehabilitative exercises that were presented. The experts and specialists in the field of sports medicine then conducted the pre-test and the rehabilitation period lasted for a month and a half at the rate of (24) rehabilitation units. After completing the experimentation, the post-test was conducted and the data was processed according to what the research required using the (SPSS) system. The two researchers assumed that there were statistically significant differences between the results. Pre- and post-tests of the research group in the rehabilitation of women with a herniated disc, so that the conclusions and recommendations for applying rehabilitative exercises using the inverted disc are appropriate for those suffering from a herniated disc. In addition, applying rehabilitative exercises using the inverted table helps in improving the muscle strength of the back and abdominal muscles in women with a herniated disc. It is better not to use the inverted table. For women suffering from eye diseases, high blood pressure, and fractures, it is better for hospitals to pay attention to developing the expertise of therapists working in how to use exercises using an inversion table, in addition to the results reached by the study.

Movement therapy is one of the important and safe therapeutic methods because it ensures human life in all its affairs. Rehabilitation exercises are an effective and natural method that does not expose the patient to complications on other body functions because it is free of any harmful chemical medicine. Modern techniques in physical therapy have also been widely used. Prepared according to scientific principles, including Core exercises that help relieve pain with a herniated disc in the fourth and fifth vertebrae. Pre- and post-tests were conducted for strength from the forward and backward bending position using a force sensor and the flexibility of the spine for bending from the front and back. The two researchers concluded significant differences in the strength and flexibility tests of the spine. Recommending the application of Core exercises to other injuries to improve the strength and flexibility of other joints. The two researchers also recommend publishing booklets to be placed in physical therapy centers to benefit from postgraduate research.

The research aims to find out the effect of exercise, especially in the aquatic environment, on some physical and physiological variables for patients with high blood pressure. The problem of the research was that high blood pressure is one of the chronic diseases widely spread in Iraq, which occurs either due to heredity or because of bad habits practiced by humans, including eating food in a large manner. Excessive or lack of sleep or lack of movement, and this is the most influential reason for the spread of high blood pressure disease. During the researchers’ follow-up to some hospitals and private internal medicine clinics, they found that most of high blood pressure patients feel early fatigue and an inability to walk or move for short or long periods, and this in turn It greatly affects the completion of daily life duties. The research sample was randomly selected for patients with high blood pressure whose ages ranged between (50-55) years and their number was (20) male patients with this disease. The researchers used the experimental method, as it is the most appropriate method for solving the problem. The research problem: The sample was divided into two groups of equal number, each with (10) patients. Training was conducted for the first group under the supervision of the researchers, and the second group was trained independently, and pre-tests were carried out after the objective of the research was explained to the participants and their approval was obtained formally on the date of (6/3/2023) and the post-tests were on (9/4/2023) in the Spanish swimming pool located in Babylon Governorate, Hilla District in the Al-Iskan area. The tests included some physical variables such as walking (6) minutes and physiological variables such as heart rate, And testing heart effort, high and low blood pressure, and pulmonary ventilation. The researchers concluded that training in the water environment and on a regular basis in swimming pools and under the supervision of researchers affects the variables mentioned above, and that self-training leads to obtaining inefficient results due to the sample’s lack of commitment to training on an ongoing basis.

The importance of the research is that the role of the coach is to work on developing self-esteem among the players. The players need the support of their teammates. The coach setting specific goals that challenge the team members leads to a positive impact on the performance of the individual and the group and on the health of the team. The goals set a high standard for achievement. It makes the team focus on completing what it needs. The research problem is that the ability of the organization (team) to work effectively to achieve positive performance in the long term, adapt appropriately, change appropriately, and grow from within, by reconciling strategic goals. As important as this is, many coaches ignore organizational health because they often lack a clear way to measure, diagnose, and improve it. One of the objectives of the research is to build a measure of the role of the coach in the organizational health of the team from the point of view of the football players. To establish standard levels for the measure of the role of the coach in the organizational health of the team from the point of view of the football players. To identify the role of the coach in the organizational health of the team from the point of view of the football players. The researchers used the descriptive approach was used by the survey method to suit the nature of the research. The research community consists of all sports clubs participating in the Iraqi league for the season (2021-2022), and the sample was chosen intentionally and consisted of players from the league clubs, numbering (663) players, as the total number of those who underwent the experiment reached (345) players (02.52%) and (15) players for the exploratory experiment. As a result of this, the sample was divided into two parts, the first for the procedures for designing and building the scale and the second for the purpose of applying the scale, as follows: First: - The sample for building the scale: It included a number of players from Iraqi Premier League clubs. In (open) football, the number of players was (210), and their percentage reached (60.86%) of the research community. Second: The sample for applying the scale: It included (120) players, with a percentage of (34.78%) players from the research community. The researchers concluded that organizational health is distinct when players clearly have the identity to which they belong, and feel a sense of belonging and attraction. The most important recommendations of the researchers are that the coach must possess this skill and manage it with high efficiency, as the availability of organizational health is an essential technique in successful training, especially when using different training techniques activities the successful coach must manage the team with high efficiency.

The process of sports training in the modern era has become subject to prior scientific planning on scientific foundations to prepare the individual athlete and bring him to the highest levels of sports form during competitions. The sport of athletics for people with special needs is no different from it for normal people, which requires high physical abilities, as these competitions, especially speed events, Physical abilities are required greatly to decide the race, and this requires coaches to be familiar with the knowledge of sports training and the special physical elements required by each event that are greatly linked to achievement, and knowledge of regulating load using smart devices and monitoring the effect of external load on internal load by following the pulse of the competitors during training. The research aims to standardize training according to the five levels of intensity using modern equipment and harnessing artificial intelligence in adjusting the training loads for these elements of the 100m event for people with special needs, category (CP) 37, using a polar (GPS) device, one of the modern technical devices. The researchers used the experimental method using the two equal groups method (control and experimental). The research population was determined from the Iraqi clubs that actually participated in the Iraqi Club Championship in the Iraqi Paralympic Committee for Special Needs (CP) category 37, and the research sample was selected by a simple random method (lottery) from the committee’s players. Diwaniyah Sub-Governor (6 players) were divided into two groups (3 players), where the researchers gave two attempts for each test so that the sample size was (6 attempts for each group to avoid statistical problems. The players wore a GPS device (polar) during training and rationed the training loads. Immediateness of the physical fitness components of the event. The researchers found development and significant differences between the pre- and post-test in the variables under study, which are increased speed, maximum speed, and rapid strength of the arms and legs, as well as speed endurance, and the achievement is valid for the post-test. The research has achieved one of the goals of sustainable development, which is to serve a segment Special needs, paralysis category, CP 37, and they are an important part of society.

It can be said that the rate of decline in health fitness increases with increased reliance on amenities and luxury and increased lack of movement with a dietary pattern in which excessive amounts of energy that the body needs are available, which increases with weight and some diseases that affect health fitness in terms of the physiological and physical aspects, and in the other direction. Practicing sports activities has become one of the basic requirements of life for many women in society, and the aim of the research is to identify the effect of Strong’s training on some health fitness variables among participants aged (25-30 years) at the Zara Fitness Center. The researcher used the experimental method with a single experimental group design with the same test. The pre- and post-test due to its suitability to the nature of the problem. The researcher tested the sample of participants in a deliberate manner and represented those whose ages ranged between (25-30 years). The researcher applied the training curriculum to a sample of (7 participants) and included (24) training units, three units per week, and the training intensity ranged from (70% - 95%) The exercises were applied in both high- and low-intensity interval training methods, and in light of the research results, the researcher concluded that strength training had a significant impact on bringing about an improvement in the physiological study variables (body mass index, Vo2max fat mass index, maximum aerobic speed In light of these conclusions, the researcher recommends the necessity of using strength training in fitness and health sports centers and working to increase the awareness of those in charge of the training process and participants of the importance of strength training, because of its physiological benefits.

Mindfulness is among the most important psychological variables that have played a major role in research and study on different samples and wide areas of scientific and cognitive applications in educational and psychological research. Sports orientation is also one of the topics covered by sports psychology, as athletes have different motivations when participating in sports. Therefore, the problem was identified in the need to explain the importance of the psychological aspect of distinguished students participating in school sports activities through the application of current research variables, and the extent of their impact on the health, psychological, and physical condition, enhancing positive energy, and continuing to excel both scientifically and athletically. Therefore, the goal of the research is to identify the degree of Mindfulness and the dimensions of sports orientation among the distinguished high school student athletes in the city center of Mosul, as well as identifying the correlation between Mindfulness and the dimensions of sports orientation among the distinguished high school student athletes in the city center of Mosul. The study was conducted on a research sample of distinguished high school students participating in school sports activities in the city of Mosul, numbering (50) students. The Mindfulness scale was used by (Al-Zubaidi 2012) and the sports orientation scale prepared by (Al-Dailimi 2021). The researchers used statistical methods measured in the system (spss) to obtain the research data, which included (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, percentage, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient). After obtaining the validity and stability of the measurement tools in the current research, the two scales were applied to the members of the research sample, and the Reaching a number of conclusions and recommendations, as follows: My distinguished high school students, members of the research sample, enjoy a good level of Mindfulness, with the presence of motivational desire among the members of the research sample through a good level of sports orientation. There is a positive relationship between the variables of Mindfulness and the dimensions of sports orientation. Among the members of the research sample. The researchers recommended: Conducting other studies and research on the variables of Mindfulness and the dimensions of sports orientation and on a sample of student athletes, whether in individual or team sports. Strengthening sports orientation among middle and middle school students.

Performing a movement requires a degree of compatibility between the nervous and muscular systems, and the importance of neuromuscular compatibility is highlighted by the beauty of performance in the game of football, and this comes through mastering its basic skills as well as the integration of physical performance, and this in turn leads to mastering skill performance and scoring goals, which is the goal of this game, which Players strive to reach it. Given that the researchers are interested in this game, players and observers of its matches noticed that there is a clear defect and weakness in the speed of skill performance, especially when the players perform multiple playing positions on the playing field, which require combining two skills or using compatibility between the eyes and feet, or the eyes and the rest of the body parts, which is a basic requirement for integration. Technical Performance The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between neuromuscular compatibility and the speed of skill performance among Abbasiya Youth Forum football players. As for the research hypothesis, there is a significant correlation between neuromuscular compatibility and the speed of skill performance among players of the Abbasiya Youth Forum in football. The descriptive approach was used in order to suit it and the nature and problem of the research. The research sample consisted of (18) players from the Abbasiya Youth Forum, and they were chosen by lottery to implement the curriculum. The most important conclusions were that there is a significant correlation between neuromuscular compatibility and the speed of skill performance among the players of the Abbasiya Youth Forum in football. As for the most important recommendations, there is an emphasis on coaches testing their teams periodically for compatibility and speed of skill performance, as well as paying attention to developing neuromuscular compatibility among football players and the exercises used by them. Trainers must develop neuromuscular compatibility during performance.

Most athletes suffer from injuries to the ankle joint, which results in limited movement of the ankle joint. The interest in the process of rehabilitating injured players aims to bring them back as quickly as possible to participate with their teams in training and competitions. Therefore, the research aims to prepare sports exercises and identify the effect of these exercises. In determining the ankle joint for injured athletes, the research also aims to know the effect of the device used in rehabilitating the affected ankle joint. The research sample included (8) athletes who had ankle joint loss and who were officially registered in the physical therapy centers in Babylon Governorate, and the sample was male. They were 20-25 years old, and they were chosen intentionally. The researchers used the experimental method by designing one group with two pre- and post-tests. The researcher used statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and T-value for correlated samples), and the most important conclusions that the researchers reached were: An improvement was achieved in the results of the investigated variables (flexibility and degree of pain) for the research sample.

The purpose of the study is to compare the pictorial memory test for the aforementioned sample in order to benefit those working in the field of teaching for this event. The study was conducted on a sample of students from the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, the fourth stage of morning study at the universities of the middle and middle Euphrates for the academic year 2023-2024 and adult. Their number was (827) students. The handball pictorial memory tests were distributed among (292) students and were randomly selected from the research community. The number of the exploratory sample was (123) students. Among the most important results of the study were that there were significant differences between the universities in which the study was conducted to test the pictorial memory for soccer. The most important thing that the study recommends is to conduct the current study using the scale for an individual game and for all governorates of the country, as the goal of the event is to identify the extent to which fourth-stage students acquire information, focus, and attention to the game of handball. The most important goal is to ensure quality, equitable and inclusive education for all and enhance learning opportunities for students

The trampoline tool is considered one of the modern and exciting means that is characterized by aesthetic character and precision through coordinated movements in kinetic performance. The spread of this tool in the modern era has great importance in most physical and kinetic abilities, which combines excitement and suspense in exercises, and many exercises similar to playing with the trampoline tool It contributes to increasing the motivation of these boys, and therefore they will make a lot of effort and with a strong will to achieve the best possible level of performance during the game. Through the observation of researchers and their field experiences in clubs and training centers, they noticed that the training units for players of age groups in most institutions lack modern training methods and therefore they lose their spirit of excitement and suspense, especially if the methods used are traditional and with the same frequency of daily exercises. Thus, the researchers prepared exercises using the mini-trampoline tool for handball players and the extent of its effect on the kinetic abilities and offensive skills combined with handball. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups (experimental and control). The same pre- and post-tests. Pre-tests were conducted on the research sample (14) in the Kufa Sports Club hall, where the exercises were carried out using a trampoline device in (24) training units for a period of two months, where the exercises were mixed with kinetic skills and abilities, and after completing the exercises used and with the same steps. Conditions: The researchers conducted post-tests for obtaining the best results. The researchers concluded that the process of combining kinetic abilities and combined offensive skills during trampoline exercises contributed significantly to the development of combined offensive skills for the experimental group. This achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq, which is (the use of modern training methods, including the trampoline device, contributes to developing the kinetic capabilities and offensive skills of handball players aged 14-16 years).

The introduction to the research summarized biomechanics, the first among the sciences that advanced the sports field, as biomechanics is one of the sciences that takes care of the development of sports movements through study, analysis, biomechanical evaluation, clarifying differences, and finding relationships. In view of the development that the game of handball has witnessed and the expansion of its base in most countries of the world, the need for research and investigation has increased to solve problems related to performance in order to diagnose and treat them because it is one of the games that is characterized by variable kinetic performance between moving with and without a ball, as well as rapid starting and sudden stopping to get rid of supervision and shooting at the ball. The goal and other multi-playing situations that the player employs during the tactical duty to achieve the main goal, which is to shoot to score a goal against the opponent’s goal. The problem of the research is that mastering the skill of shooting from jumping high is important for handball players, and because of its frequent repetition in the match, it is one of the keys to determining the outcome of the match. Therefore, mastering it and controlling how it invests its biomechanical variables in achieving high shooting accuracy represents a positive advantage that leads the team to outperform the competitor. Through the researchers’ follow-up of the matches of the Iraqi teams, the researchers found that this problem is worthy of study for the purpose of comparison in the biomechanical variables to be used during performance. The aim of the research is to identify the values of some biomechanical variables in the jumping shooting skill of the players of the Al-Shorta and Al-Karkh Sports Club. Excellent. The descriptive approach was used on a sample chosen intentionally, consisting of (20) players from the Al-Shorta Club and Al-Karkh Sports Club in the Premier Handball League (2022-2023). The two researchers reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which were: The level of the members of the research sample was similar between the Al-Shorta Club and Al-Karkh. In the variable of propulsion and the resulting flight and height of the body’s center of mass, the members of the Al-Shorta Club invested in the biomechanical variables of the arm better than the members of the Karkh Club in serving the goal. The researchers concluded that both the variables of the wrist joint and the angle of bending of the arm as well as the inclination of the torso had a positive role in The Al-Shorta Club player outperformed the Al-Karkh Club players in shooting accuracy, and the Al-Karkh Club players were unable to invest the payment variable effectively in achieving shooting accuracy. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education). The two researchers came up with these recommendations: the importance of analyzing the performance of high-level players for the purpose of determining the degree of investment in biomechanical variables and their role in achieving shooting accuracy. Emphasis is placed on making comparisons between the Premier League teams.

The problem of the research lies in the difficulty of female students performing the skill of serving in volleyball. Researchers may attribute the reason for this to the presence of individual differences between female students, and the reasons for this may be the difference in the thinking styles of the learners and the differences in the characteristics and characteristics of each learner, and this in turn may cause a difference between the female students in fitness and mental motivation, and this in turn is reflected in Performing the skill under study. The research aimed to identify female learners with liberal and conservative thinking among the research sample, and to identify (mental fitness - mental motivation - performing the volleyball serve skill) among the research sample, and to compare between the two types of liberal and conservative thinking in (mental fitness and mental motivation) among the research sample. The researchers assumed a difference between female learners in the variables (liberal and conservative thinking styles - mental fitness - mental motivation - serving skill performance) in volleyball, and there are no differences with statistical evidence between the liberal and conservative thinking styles in fitness and mental motivation in the research sample, and there are no significant differences. Statistics between the two types of liberal and conservative thinking in the performance of the volleyball serving skill among the research sample. The descriptive approach was used using the method of correlations and comparisons on a sample of fourth-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls - University of Baghdad, who numbered (25) students out of (107) students. The research tools were (measures of liberal and conservative thinking styles - mental fitness - mental motivation - transmission). After that, the main experiment was conducted by implementing all the measures and testing on the sample of the main experiment In light of the results, conclusions were reached, the most important of which was that the number of female students with the conservative thinking style exceeded the number of female students is of a liberal style, and therefore the conservative thinking style is prevalent. Female students with a liberal thinking style enjoy mental fitness and mental motivation, as well as performing the serving skill. In addition, female students with a conservative thinking style have weakness in study variables (mental fitness - mental motivation - transmission). and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The research aimed to identify the level of sports nutritional culture among young 400, 800, and 400-meter hurdles runners, and to identify the relationship, contribution, and impact of sports nutritional culture with some biochemical indicators among 400, 800, and 400 meter hurdles runners. Youth, the descriptive approach was adopted using the correlational method, and the boundaries of the research community were represented by young runners in the (400, 800) and (400) meter hurdles events, representing the players of the (19) Iraqi clubs, with a total number of (114) runners actually participating in the competition. The 2023 sports season qualifiers were held by the Central Iraqi Athletics Federation, from whom (50) runners were randomly selected to represent the main sample, with a percentage of (43.86%), and (30) of them were runners for foundations and scientific transactions, with a percentage of (26.316%) from their community of origin, and (10) of them were runners for the survey sample (8.772%) from their community of origin. The survey was conducted by applying the Sports Nutritional Culture Scale, measuring the metabolic rate (RMR), blood hemoglobin, and the time to which the anaerobic threshold appeared. Then, data for each runner from this sample was collected for each From the scale, tests of the three biochemical indicators, and treatment with the SPSS system, the conclusions were that young runners who ran distances (400, 800) and (400) meters hurdles need to increase their sports nutritional culture, and they need a better level, and that the culture of prevention and nutritional health awareness is better than other fields. Nutritional culture, and they need education on nutritional and weight problems more than others. Sports nutritional culture is linked, contributes, and has a positive effect on the basal metabolic rate, the time of emergence of the anaerobic threshold, and hemoglobin in the blood, among runners who ran distances (400, 800), and (400) meters hurdles among young people, and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health). and it was The most important recommendations are that it is necessary to pay attention to spreading the culture of sports nutrition among young runners of distances (400, 800) and (400) meters hurdles, because of its positive impact on all biochemical indicators (basal metabolic rate, time to the appearance of the anaerobic threshold difference, and blood hemoglobin.

The problem of the research is that, although the time available is sufficient to learn volleyball skills, it is not sufficient to achieve the degree of mastery of these skills, especially the skill of receiving the serve. The reason for this may be due to the educational strategies, methods and approaches used in the educational process, as well as the lack of interest in the aspects of learning. This skill, especially the psychological aspect and the appropriate psychological abilities, especially mental toughness, which means that the student reaches the maximum possible performance or performance that exceeds his capabilities, so the matter requires thinking about using effective, organized learning strategies based on scientific foundations that may contribute to this psychological ability and then Reaching the skill performance of receiving the serve to a good degree of proficiency. The research aimed to prepare a measure of mental toughness for the students as well as identifying the effect of the learning strategy for mastery on the mental toughness and skill performance of receiving the serve with volleyball for the students. The researchers followed the experimental approach by designing two equal groups with pre- and post-tests. The research community was represented by the students of the second stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon, amounting to (132) students, and the main research sample was chosen with a number of (30) students who were divided into two groups, experimental and control, equally, and parity was found between them after the pre-tests were conducted and then Applying the mastery learning strategy to the students of the experimental group, during a period of (4) weeks, with two educational units per week (2), and with a time of (90) minutes for the educational unit. After completing the application of the strategy, post-tests were conducted on the research sample, and after obtaining the results and processing them statistically, several conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that the learning strategy for mastery plays a major role in increasing the mental toughness and skill performance of receiving the volleyball serve for students. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education). According to the researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the learning for mastery strategy in learning to receive the volleyball serve for students, in addition to emphasizing the conduct of continuous tests for students regarding the variables. Psychological and mental.

The research aimed to prepare special exercises according to the Laban classification to develop some variables for the game of squash for juniors and to identify the effect of special exercises prepared according to the Laban classification to develop some kinematic variables for the game of squash for juniors. The two researchers used the experimental method with two equal experimental and control groups for its suitability and the nature of the problem to be solved. The research community was chosen in a deliberate manner, represented by emerging players in the Private Squash Academy affiliated with the Central Iraqi Squash Federation, who numbered (16) players for the sports season (2023-2024 AD), and they represent the research sample. They were divided randomly and by lottery into two equal groups, experimental and control, at a rate of ( 8) Players for each group. Thus, the sample represents 100% of the original population, which is a truly representative percentage of the population. One of the most important results reached by the two researchers is that: The exercises prepared according to the Laban classification have a positive effect on the kinematic variables under study in the basic skills in the sport of squash among junior players in the Iraqi Special Squash Academy aged (13-15) years, and one of the most important goals of sustainable development that Backed by research is good health and well-being. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education)

As a result of the existence of an ambiguous or unclear relationship between competitive orientation and psychological immunity and the detection of such a trait among the female players of the University of Kufa futsal team Therefore, the researchers found that this problem is worthy of study, and the aim of the research is to identify the level of psychological immunity and orientation towards competition among female university team players. Kufa futsal and identifying the relationship between psychological immunity and the orientation towards competition among the female players of the University of Kufa futsal team. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships to suit the nature of the problem. The research sample consisted of the female players of the University of Kufa in futsal. Halls (14) A female player for the academic year (2023-2024). Data was collected using two measures of psychological immunity and orientation toward competition. The data obtained by the researchers was processed using (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, hypothesized mean law, one-sample test, simple correlation coefficient) and The Psychological Immunity Scale, which consists of (39) items listing competitive orientation, was used to measure the competitive orientation of the athlete, as it is one of the important dimensions of athletic achievement goal orientations. The researchers concluded that there is a significant correlation between psychological immunity and the orientation towards competition among the players of the University of Kufa futsal team. The relationship between competitive orientation and psychological immunity is a positive relationship. The players of the University of Kufa futsal team have a good level of psychological immunity and competitive orientation, and the primary goal is to create sustainable research development. It is to work to improve the psychological and mental aspects of work and improve the effectiveness of futsal. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education)

The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of rehabilitative exercises in correcting the curvature of the spine and the head falling forward among 16-year-old female high school students. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research, and the researchers used a one-group design with two pre- and post-tests. The research community consisted of 16-year-old female high school students. The researchers intentionally selected members of the research community from Wasit High School, who numbered (20) students. After obtaining the approval of the students’ parents and the administration of the concerned school, a medical examination was conducted by looking and by standing with their backs against the wall. The result of these examinations was the presence of a group of (5) female students with kyphosis. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that: There are positive effects of rehabilitative exercises, and these exercises reduce the degree of curvature of the spine for members of the research sample at the age of 16 years in the X-ray test (XRay) or through the Freguson angle, and there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in measuring the degree of the spinal curvature angle and the forward bend of the head. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education)

The physical and functional preparation of the body's systems is of great importance in order to reach the best sporting achievements. The development of skill levels and the amazing digital achievements that we hear about being achieved in various sports are certainly the result of the development of various sports and physiological sciences and coaches following the correct scientific approaches in an attempt to invest human energy to the maximum limits. Training for athletics events depends on developing scientific and codified training programs to develop the level of the athlete and bring him to the highest levels. Each event has its own specifications and requirements, including middle-distance running events, including the 1,500-meter running event, which requires the development of some physical characteristics and its energy systems to obtain... Physiological and physical adaptation to perform and withstand the effort expended during the race to achieve the best time. From this standpoint, the research problem was focused on preparing dynamic lactate training exercises and their effect on specific endurance, the enzyme (CPK), and achieving a 1,500-meter run. The study aimed to identify the effect of dynamic lactate training exercises on specific endurance, the enzyme (CPK), and achieving a 1,500-meter run. The researchers used the experimental method (one group) to suit the nature of the research, and the research sample was chosen randomly from the research community represented by young players from Diwaniyah Governorate athletics clubs in middle-distance running, aged (18-19) years, numbering (8) players for the season. Athlete (2022 - 2023). Then the researchers carried out the homogenization process according to the research variables, and through the results, the researchers concluded that a direct relationship appeared between the high level of the enzyme (CPK) and the level of development of achievement. Dynamic lactate training also had a clear effect on special endurance, which led to the development of Achievement (running 1,500 meters). The study aimed to invest human energy in the training method and functional and physical variables in developing the achievement of the 1,500-meter running event. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health)

The psychological climate is one of the important psychological aspects that must be taken into consideration and paid attention to by specialists in the field of education. Whether the climate is negative or positive, it will be reflected in the student’s behavioral attitudes when dealing, whether with his peers or with the teacher, during or outside the educational situation. Motivation is the activity or Effectiveness and energy. The importance of the current study becomes clear through the researchers’ endeavor to identify the importance of the psychological climate of university students and its impact on the academic self-motivation of female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman /University of Baghdad. Therefore, the researchers relied on the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships to suit the nature of the study and its objectives. The two measures of the study used both psychological climate and motivation in the same way, as their number reached (312) female students, distributed as follows: (142) female students for the fourth stage, (170) female students for the third stage, and the researchers concluded There is a positive correlation between the psychological climate and the academic motivation of students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman. Sports are an essential component of elements of sustainable development within the framework of the comprehensive educational system, knowing the extent of their impact climate change and sustainable development in physical education lesson. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education)

The problem of the research lies in studying the current situation of the sports federations in Iraq in terms of the reality of their practice of strategic leadership. The current research aims to build a measure of strategic leadership among the heads of the national Olympic sports federations from the point of view of their members, and identifying the level of strategic leadership among the heads of the National Olympic Sports Federations from the point of view of their members. The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the current research. The research sample included members of the national Olympic sports federations. The questionnaire was also used as a tool for collecting data. The researcher used the SPSS statistical package to analyze the data statistically and reached a set of conclusions, including building a suitable strategic leadership scale prepared by the researcher. To measure the level of the heads of the Iraqi Olympic Federations in the variables of strategic leadership according to (5) field distributed among (45) Paragraphs. The heads of the Iraqi Olympic federations have a high percentage of “initiative” from the federation members’ point of view, according to the percentages of the research sample’s response, and this field comes first among the other field of the scale. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education)

Muscular ability is one of the most crucial physical elements in the long jump, which can be developed using plyometric training, which works to stimulate and mobilize the largest amount of muscle fibers during performance. Electrical stimulation of the muscles works to stimulate all muscle fibers involuntarily, which works to improve muscle strength. The research aims to identify the effect of plyometric training and electrical stimulation of the muscles in improving the physical abilities, biomechanical variables, and digital level of junior long jumpers. The researchers used the experimental approach by designing one group using pre- and post-measurement on a sample of (7) junior long jumpers in the Alexandria Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt, under the age of 18. Years of age and registered with the Egyptian Athletics Federation. Physical and biomechanical measurements and the digital level of the jump were carried out using a force measurement platform and kinetic analysis for the progression phase of the long jump. The implementation of the training program took eight weeks with 16 training units, and the results of the research showed that the use of plyometric training and electrical stimulation of the muscles led to Improving the physical capabilities of the leg muscles and improving and developing the biomechanical variables in the stage of advancement and digital level among junior long jumpers. The researchers recommend applying the results of the research to long jump competitors in the Republic of Iraq, and conducting more scientific research on the effect of electrical stimulation on the electrical activity of the muscles of track and field competitors. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health)

The research aims to identify the reality of self-awareness and the degree of academic achievement in the subject of artistic gymnastics for female students, and to identify the correlation between self-awareness and academic achievement in the subject of artistic gymnastics for female students. The descriptive approach was used using the survey method and correlational relationships, and the research sample was chosen for female students of the fourth stage in the College of Education. Physical and Sports Sciences - University of Babylon, for the academic year 2023-2024, numbering (34) female students. The self-awareness scale consisting of (42) items representing (5) areas was approved, and an academic achievement score for the subject of artistic gymnastics for female students was obtained, which is considered a score. Attempting the first course, which is estimated at (50) marks. The scale was applied and grades were obtained for the subject of artistic gymnastics for female students. The research came out with a set of conclusions, including that there is a positive, positive correlation between self-awareness and academic achievement in the subject of gymnastics for female students. Among the recommendations that emerged from the research was the holding of seminars that aim to introduce students to self-awareness in order to develop it in them.

Knowing the effect of special exercises (physical, skill, cognitive) for football referees on the neurotransmitter (serotonin), blood sugar, and cognitive abilities is what this study concluded and aimed to prepare special exercises for physiological fitness, refereeing movements and positions, and to identify the level of serotonin and blood sugar concentrations. And the cognitive abilities and performance level of second-class football referees and the effect of exercises on them, while the research problem crystallized around the lack of uniformity between the referees’ decisions, the decline in physical and physiological fitness indicators, and failure in the practical and cognitive tests that qualify for refereeing in higher-level leagues, and in order to unify the decision among the refereeing staff and improve or develop Making the correct arbitration decision based on a harmonious and integrated functional system in leading football matches in the various circumstances to which the referees are exposed and the level of their performance, without limiting the course of training to the physical aspects only, but rather cognitively, physically, skillfully, physiologically, tactically and psychologically, and that the methodology for solving the research problem was through experimental research. The research sample represented second-class football referees in Kirkuk Governorate, and the special exercises varied between physical, skill, physiological fitness, cognitive, tactical and combined exercises between physical, skill, tactical and cognitive to direct the attention of the gentlemen responsible for arbitration to the importance of introducing the above physiological fitness exercises. This constitutes an addition to the concepts of football refereeing, and the most important conclusions were that an increase in the level of serotonin leads to the occurrence of central fatigue as a result of prolonged physiological physical effort, and that a decrease in blood sugar as a result of physical physiological effort is a natural indicator, and the researchers recommend developing scientific training curricula reinforced with attention to fitness. Physiological and the use of modern physiological devices.One of the sustainable development goals supported by the research is to maintain and enhance the health and physiological fitness of football referees, which is an essential aspect of the referee’s qualifications for managing and refereeing matches and achieving sustainable sports, economic and social development.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the degree of decision-making and its relationship to some basic offensive skills in basketball for female students, as decision-making is an individual’s ability to reach a solution to an objectionable problem or a confusing situation, by choosing a solution from existing or innovative alternatives, and this choice depends on the information that the individual has collected about The problem depends on the values, habits, experience, education, and individual skills. The game of basketball is characterized by the presence of many changing situations during the match. It is a struggle of decisions between the attacking player, who makes a decision to end the attack correctly, and the defensive player, who must make a quick decision to confront the attacker and prevent him from implementing his decision and thwarting the attack. Try to implement. Through the experience of the two researchers, this problem has crystallized in the presence of a deficiency in decision-making for fourth-stage female students, which is reflected in their performance in playing. The research problem lies in the following question: Is decision-making related to some basic offensive skills in basketball for female students, as the researchers hypothesized the existence of a correlation between decision-making and Decision and some basic offensive skills in basketball for female students. The researchers also adopted the descriptive approach in the style of survey study and correlational relationships. The research community was represented by fourth-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman / University of Baghdad for the academic year 2022-2023, who numbered (83) students. A sample was chosen. The number of students was (30) and (3) female students for the exploratory experiment from the research community. The decision-making scale and tests of basic offensive skills in basketball were adopted. The results were also extracted using appropriate statistical treatments from the (SPSS) program, and the results were presented, analyzed and discussed, according to the results. The conclusions were reached: Most female students have a good level of decision-making and basic offensive skills in basketball, and there is a direct relationship between decision-making and basic offensive skills in basketball for female students. The researchers also recommend conducting a study that addresses the relationship between the variables of the current research and some other variables. The two researchers also suggest conducting a similar study on students, advanced players, youth, and juniors for various events.

Difficulty in movement affects children’s ability to maintain their balance, and since balance plays a major role in improving daily life abilities and developing children’s kinetic skills, the importance of using rehabilitative exercises that help them balance and overcome their difficulty in movement has become clear. There is increased interest in this special category of children with simple spastic cerebral palsy (ages 6-8) because these exercises are beneficial to them, as these exercises develop the child’s kinetic skills, maintain his balance, and achieve significant development in his kinetic abilities. The problem of the research highlights that the importance of rehabilitation after the injury is the return of the injured person to the normal state before the injury. The two researchers looked at the issue of people with simple spastic cerebral palsy for ages (6-8) years for children and identified the children’s difficulties in maintaining balance and the impact of this on their daily lives. Therefore, the two researchers decided Using prepared and useful rehabilitation exercises to improve balance skills effectively. The research aimed to prepare balance exercises to rehabilitate people with simple spastic cerebral palsy for ages (6-8 years). The sample number was (5) males with disabilities present at the Al-Saada Institute for Physical Disabilities. The two researchers concluded the positive effect of the prepared exercises in improving balance for the research sample. The researchers concluded that applying exercises according to the principle of gradation from easy to difficult and increasing repetitions had an effective impact in improving balance among the research sample. The researchers recommend the need to pay attention to the segment of children with mild spastic cerebral palsy by using rehabilitative exercises to improve their kinetic abilities.

The world has benefited from modern technologies in education, and people are racing to innovate and obtain modern educational methods. Teaching methods and methods of learning developed rapidly as a result of great scientific progress, and countries around the world began to compete with each other to reach what is new and advanced and serves the educational process quickly. Hence the necessity of using the method of individual competition and its practical applications, and by using this method to teach skills. Basketball and through skill tests to determine its impact on learning the skills of passing and the basketball free throw, as an educational method that ensures good use of those motor skills and employing them in the sports field by comparing it to the method used in college. The individual learning method also contributes to identifying the optimal investment of time in academic learning. The research aimed to find out: the effect of using the individual competition method in learning the skills of passing and free throw in basketball. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equal groups and representing the research community, and he recruited students from the second stage in the College of Education. Physical Education - University of Kufa, and through the results that were reached, there were significant differences between the pre- and post-test for the research sample, as well as significant differences in the post-tests, and the superiority of the experimental group over the control group. The most important conclusions were that the individual competition method achieved its goals in learning the tackling and free throw skills. The recommendations included emphasizing the use of the individual competition method, which achieved its goals in learning the tackling and free throw skills for students, because it is a method that is consistent with the nature of basketball skills. Conducting similar studies in academic stages. Other and different games.

The sport of fencing requires speed in kinetic performance on the court and continuous movement between advance, retreat, attack, and defense movements. Therefore, the player must have the ability to continue coordinated muscle work with complete compatibility between body movements and technical movements using the hand and leg constantly and an estimate of the distance of the fencing and the speed of the attack towards the opponent suddenly. With effort and muscular strength, it sets off in one go, at the highest speed and in the shortest time, to reach the opponent’s legal goal by the closest and shortest path, with extreme precision, to score a touch. In order to reach advanced results in the sport of fencing for women, we, as workers in this sport, must stand at the basic determinants that are important in the sport of fencing, which every female player possesses, especially in weapon sword fencing, which can be developed according to the correct scientific foundations, so the two researchers decided, and through their follow-up For the sport of fencing and learning about what is new and modern in this ancient sport, highlighting some of the special abilities (such as agility and accuracy) that greatly influence the level of skill performance with the weapon sword fencing in particular and fencing in general, so the two researchers used the descriptive approach in order to suit it and the subject of the study. As for the research sample, it was female athletes. The College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences team for girls, numbering (16) players for the sports season (2023-2024). The most important conclusions were (the existence of a positive correlation between the characteristics of agility and accuracy and the level of skill performance in fencing with a sword). Among the most important recommendations that the researchers came out with was the need to pay attention to Trainers accept the abilities specific to fencing, especially the qualities of agility and accuracy, with the need to shed light on the level of skill performance in fencing, as it is the important focus in deciding the results of fights. For the benefit of the best fencer, it is also best to conduct similar studies on other kinetic qualities and abilities and for different age groups.

The importance of the research lies in the fact that to achieve the great achievements that nations and peoples maintain their positions among the nations, the applied students are a project of professors and teachers who are the makers of the future. The problem of the research lies in the fact that the applied students are in schools, and through the researcher’s observation of the students during the application period, he found that some Applicants have weakness in classroom management, as well as in their orientations towards the physical education lesson, and this affects the performance or management of the classroom. It is one of the points that supervisors focus on in evaluating students applying in schools. The research aims to prepare the two standards, identify the reality of each, and find the relationship between the orientation towards the teaching profession and classroom management for students applied to schools. The research hypothesized that there is a relationship between the trend towards the teaching profession and classroom management for students applied to schools. The research population was determined by the fourth stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon, who numbered (120) students, i.e. using Comprehensive enumeration, meaning the entire population was chosen to represent the research sample, and the exploratory sample is from the same research sample with (20) students chosen randomly. One of the conclusions of the research is that there is a positive, significant relationship between the trend towards the teaching profession and classroom management for students applying from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. University of Babylon The recommendations were to clarify the importance of physical education in the lives of students and its role in strengthening their orientations towards teaching physical education through the role of teachers and the application supervisor to raise the factor of the orientation towards the teaching profession and develop their sports level and to emphasize the need to pay attention to the psychological aspect of applied students as it affects their performance. Thus, the fourth goal of sustainable development is achieved, which is to ensure equitable and comprehensive quality education for all, enhance lifelong education opportunities for all, and develop the future skills of teachers, and thus serve the educational process.

The purpose of this paper is to apply a specialized measure of attentional control with the hoop tool in rhythmic gymnastics and to identify its level, and the level of performance of the kinetic formation of the hoop tool in rhythmic gymnastics for female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman. The researchers assumed that there is a significant correlation and contribution to the results of the attentional control measure with the results of a performance test. The kinetic formation of the hoop tool in rhythmic gymnastics in the research sample, and the descriptive approach was adopted in the method of correlational relations on a sample of female students who were chosen intentionally in a comprehensive enumeration method with a percentage of (100%) from the original research population represented by female students of the second stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman/University Baghdad, numbering (109) students continuing the morning shift for the academic year (2022-2023), were measured in the field with the scale and tested the kinetic formation of the hoop skills in rhythmic gymnastics over a period of (11) days in the gymnastics hall, and after processing the results with the (SPSS) system, the conclusions were The scale of attentional control with the hoop tool in regulated rhythmic gymnastics is suitable for what it was prepared for in measuring the attentional control of students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman, and it has the conditions for accepting measurement tools in accordance with the specifications of measurement and evaluation, and it is possible to evaluate this attentional control among female students normatively and verbally through it, and it has Students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman have an acceptable level of attentional control that enables them to perform the kinetic combination of the hoop tool in rhythmic gymnastics. Attentional control is linked to, contributes to, and positively affects the performance of the kinetic combination of the hoop skills in rhythmic gymnastics, and in a direct direction among the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman, and the two researchers recommended It is necessary to pay attention to mental measurement and work to support its precise specialized measurement that accompanies rhythmic gymnastics lessons at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Woman to increase attentional control because of its positive role in their performance of the kinetic formation of the hoop tool. It is necessary to adopt the results of specialized academic studies in sports tests when striving to improve the skill performance of the kinetic formation of the hoop skills in rhythmic gymnastics for female students, the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences must increase its interest in increasing the availability of academic specialists in mental measurement to exercise their practical role in supporting the teachers in the rhythmic gymnastics lesson with this category of female students.

The purpose of this paper is to preparing two scales of social support and motivation to participate in sports and scouting competitions, identifying their reality and identifying the differences between them, and identifying the relationship of social support and its relationship to motivation to participate in sports and scouting competitions in the center of Babylon Governorate. Female preparatory school students in Babylon Governorate are considered the concern of the human sphere. As for the time range from 4/ 11/2022 to 11/5/2023, and the spatial field is preparatory schools in the center of Babylon Governorate. The procedure was followed to find measures of social support and motivation to participate in sports and scouting games on a sample of female students in the center of Babylon Governorate using the descriptive approach, as the research sample consisted of (370) student, and the reality of social support and the motivation to participate in sports competitions for middle school students in the center of Babylon Governorate was identified. The researcher concluded that there is a correlation between the motivation to participate in sports competitions and social support for middle school students in the center of Babylon Governorate. In conclusion, the researcher recommends making use of the standards and conducting other studies and the need to shed light on the female student segment.

The importance of the research lies in experimenting with a group of diverse teaching methods in the nature of their application in order to create a suitable teaching atmosphere for students. The research aims to identify the effect of the generative learning method for teaching the basic defensive skills of the game of basketball and to identify which of the two teaching methods is better in teaching the basic defensive skills of the game of basketball. The human field includes students of the first stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad for the academic year (2022/2023). The researchers used the experimental method by designing (equivalent groups) appropriate to the nature of the problem, and the most important conclusions were that the diversity in the use of methods included in the generative method It gives greater motivation to learn and therefore has a positive impact on learning research skills. As for the recommendations, the researchers recommended adopting various teaching methods that work to increase motivation and desire to learn and thus break the stagnation and routine followed in teaching.

Physical fitness is one of the necessities of life. It is part of the general fitness of a person and one of the components of comprehensive fitness that qualifies the individual to live in a balanced manner within society. It aims to prepare an individual who has physical competence in facing the requirements of life. The problem of the research is that cancer patients who were unable to obtain their needs. It is necessary that this hinders their access to mental and physical health and to highlight the importance of practicing sports activities and its impact on the mental health of cancer patients aged (18-20) years. The research aimed to identify the effect of aerobic exercise accompanied by music on the mental health of cancer. The research used the experimental method with a one-group design with pre- and post-test on a sample of (7) people with cancer aged (18-20) and applied aerobic exercises accompanied by music for a month and a half. The two researchers reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which were: The effectiveness of aerobic exercises with music in improving the mental health index in the research sample. The researchers came up with several recommendations. Paying attention to mental health as it reflects the individual’s satisfaction, self-confidence and happiness with himself and with the society to which he belongs. Emphasizing the use of aerobic exercises accompanied by music as it is a factor that helps get rid of boredom and encourages the performance of exercises actively and effectively and has a positive effect on psychological health.

The importance of the research lies in the effect of physical effort training in developing some physical and functional abilities by employing the training program, which leads to physical adaptation and raising the level of physical efficiency. Through the experience of the researchers, it was noted that many runners suffer from a lack of use of some special exercises in distributing training loads for maximum speed and strength. Muscle muscles, how they interact and balance, and the mutual relationship in the various stages of preparation and proportions in their training program, as well as the lack of use of functional tests that depend on studying the changes that occur within the body, as standardized exercises were prepared and laboratory equipment and supplies were used in the sports field, which give the real indicator of evaluating the condition. Runners, the experimental program was used in the research procedures. The research sample was tested intentionally from runners in the 200 meters competition for men in the Iraqi country, and their number was (12) runners. The sample was divided into two groups, an experimental group and a control group, and each group had (6) runners. The most important thing that was concluded There is a positive effect of physical effort training in developing some of the physical and physiological abilities and achievement of men's 200m runners, and the researchers recommended adopting periodic tests in functional physical variables and the extent of knowing the changes in them.