Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Sciences

The worldwide outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic compelled scientists to develop new, highly effective therapeutic
approaches to fight it. Multitarget drugs have been proven to be effective in managing complex disorders. But designing
multitarget drugs is a great challenge. In this study, to prevent a lack of efficacy due to viral mutation escape, a multi
target agent against the COVID-19 virus was discovered. As crucial targets, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp),
COVID-19 main protease (Mpro), and SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 were selected. A pharmacophore model was developed using
the native ligands of the chosen targets. This model was used to screen the ZINC Drug Database for commercially
available compounds having similar features to the experimentally tested drugs. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening
yielded 1331 hits, which were further docked into the binding sites of selected proteins using PyRx AutoDock Vina.
Evaluation of docking results revealed that glisoxepide (Zn 00537804) has the highest binding scores for the three
target proteins. It showed binding free energies of 6.8, 6.2, and 7.8kcal/moltowardsSARS-CoV-2Mpro,Nsp15,and
RdRp, respectively. According to an in silico ADME study, glisoxepide follows Lipinski’s rule. The results of a molecular
dynamics simulation study and subsequent investigations showed that glisoxepide had good dynamics and stability
within the active sites of selected targets. The promise of glisoxepide as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 still needs
to be further evaluated through experimental research.

Introduction: The Non rational use and overall volume of antibiotic consumption in the community is one of the
foremost causes of antimicrobial resistance. In developing countries like Iraq, pharmacists often dispense ‘prescription
only’ drugs, like antibiotics, to patients who do not have a prescription. The objectives of this study are to estimate the
prevalence of irrational use of antibiotics bought from pharmacies and other medication outlets in some areas in Iraq,
as well as to investigate the factors related with such usage.
Method: The cross-sectional face to face survey was conducted in AL Mustaqbal University, were 267 students at
College of Pharmacy, distributed over the four stages (43 participants) stage two, (81 participants) stage three, (79
participants) stage four, and (64 participants) stage five. These stages are the most likely to be knowledgeable about
antibiotics by the nature of their studies in college and their training of stage four and five in pharmacies.
Results: the present study finds seventeen antibiotics were used by respondents. The more antimicrobial agent was
gotten by respondents surveyed was amoxicillin and the highest group uses amoxicillin is fifth level of respondents then
third level students then fourth level students and the lowest one is second level students with only (7%).
Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings of this study reveal that the pharmacy students have awareness about rational
antibiotic utilization with a significant portion of pharmacy students have taken antibiotic monthly as self-medication
or guidance either by pharmacists or physicians, and vast majority of them complete the course of antibiotic as directed.

The pharmaceutical industry has brought advancement and opportunities. However, it has also presented challenges
and complexity that must be addressed. The pharmaceutical industry aims to protect public health by providing
economical, effective, safe, and appropriate treatments. The analytical method monitors medication concentrations
to ensure efficacy and safety. Chemical preservations protect drugs from microbes until administration. In Refax
suspensions, the concentration of rifaximin (Antibacterial, API) and sodium benzoate (chemical preservative) must be
determined to ensure the suspension’s effectiveness, stability, and safety with regulatory standards.
An innovative HPLC method was created to monitor the concentrations of rifaximin (Antibacterial, API) and sodium
benzoate in the Refax Suspension. It was performed by running a mobile phase consisting of a methanol and phosphate
buffer on a stationary phase of a C18 column (BDS Hypersil, Thermo Scientific) at a 1 ml min 1 flow rate. The detector
was adjusted at 230 nm. The optimized method was validated following the ICH guidelines. It was approved to be linear
in the range of 25–200 and 2–16 g mL 1, achieving good accuracy results in 99.68% and 99.71% with high sensitivity
in terms of LOD concentrations (0.2 and 1.8 g mL 1) for Sodium benzoate and Rifaximin, respectively.
To achieve the objective of conserving public health, the innovative HPLC method’s green evaluation combines a
variety of tools, including the analytical greenness metric (AGREE), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and ECO
Scale. The optimized method revealed acceptable results in green assessment.

Ferritin,Hepaticfunction,Renalfunction,DFO,DFX,BTM

The distribution of many medications to the body via the respiratory tract system is crucial. This route has emerged
as one of the most crucial techniques for the delivery of locally acting medications that can be used to treat a variety
of respiratory conditions, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The advantages of this
focused drug delivery to the lungs over systemic administration methods include an improved therapeutic effect, a faster
onset of action, and fewer systemic side effects.
Many formulations as suspension and solutions, such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics have been
recommended in a wide area as aerosolized medications and therapy for different pulmonary diseases. An aerosol drug
is one that consists of solid or liquid particles of a specified size suspended in a gas. A variety of aerosol delivery devices
are available in the marketplace which can be used for this purpose.
However, the pulmonary architecture poses a significant problem for aerosol drug delivery since it evolved to keep
foreign chemicals from entering the lung periphery. Therefore, the site and degree of deposition in the respiratory tract,
as well as the pharmacology of the utilized inhaled medications, all play a role in how well inhalation treatment works.
As a result, in addition to the devices required for the release of aerosols and the facilitation of their distribution to
the lungs, aerosols must also satisfy a number of parameters for inhaled medicine delivery to be successful. Due to this,
parenteral and oral drug delivery by inhalation are more complicated.