Engineering and Technology Journal

Recently the researchers go to the eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. In the present investigation, isatin which found in many plants, Isatis tinctoria, Calanthe discolor and Couroupita guianensis has been used as corrosion inhibitor. An isatin-aniline compound, namely ethyl 4-amino-N-(3-isatinyl) benzoate (AIB), was successfully synthesized in high yield and its inhibition impact on corrosion of MS (mild steel) in hydrochloric acid as corrosive solution was examined via weight loss and Scanning electron microscope techniques. The results acquired appeared that AIB has employ perfect as a corrosion inhibitor at low concentrations towards mild steel in HCl bath. The impact of temperature on the corrosion behavior of MS in corrosive bath with presence of (250) ppm of AIB has been investigated in the range of temperatures (303-333) K. The thermodynamic parameters for inhibiting process were investigated to find out the mechanism of corrosion inhibition of MS acid bath.

The aim of this work was to evaluate some mechanical and physical properties of a composite material which consists of (epoxy/styrene-butadiene rubber) blend as a matrix, reinforced with copper oxide (CuO) with a weight fraction 3%, and the composite material was manufactured by hand lay-up. The optimum mixing ratio was (75:25) % of epoxy and (SBR) was chosen to accomplish the work due to its highest impact strength (2.1KJ/m2). The tests that were performed on the material were: tensile test, impact test, thermal conductivity test, and the absorption test, in addition to the microscopic imaging using scanning electron microscope (SEM), to determine the surface morphology of the specimens. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), both (0.1) normal concentration solutions, were used for the immersion. The results showed that CuO nanofiller improved tensile and impact properties of the blend, besides increasing resistance to diffusion of chemicals into the material. The results showed that the immersion in HCl solution increased the impact strength of the composite from (2.27KJ/m2) to (3.38KJ/m2), and also increased the tensile strength from (9.2MPa) to (9.8 MPa), while immersion in NaOH solution decreased the tensile strength to (7.3MPa), but increased the impact strength to (2.42KJ/m2). Thermal conductivity was (0.21W/m.°C) before immersion in solutions, but changed to (0.27W/m.°C) and (0.24W/m.°C) after immersion in HCl and NaOH respectively. The weight gain after immersion in NaOH was higher than weight gain after immersion in HCl.

Nowadays, Security of network traffic is becoming a major issue of computer network system according to the huge development of internet. Intrusion detection system has been used for discovering intrusion and to maintain the security information from attacks. In this paper, produced two levels of mining algorithms to construct Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) and to reduce false alarm rate, in the first level Naïve Bayes algorithm is used to classify abnormal activity into the main four attack types from normal behavior. In the second level ID3 decision tree algorithm is used to classify four attack types into (22) children of attacks from normal behavior. To evaluate the performance of the two proposed algorithms by using kdd99 dataset intrusion detection system and the evaluation metric accuracy, precision, DR, F-measure. The experimental results prove that the proposal system done high detection rates (DR) of 99 % and reduce false positives (FP) of 0 % for different types of network intrusions.

In this work, two semi-analytical methods are introduced in order to handle the solution of the Fornberg-Whitham equation. The first one method has been proposed by Temimi and Ansari, namely the TAM. The second method is the Banach contraction method which is briefly called the BCM. Both methods do not require using any additional assumptions. Our calculations are distinguished by an efficiency and rapidity of obtaining the results, in comparison with the previous studies for solving the same problem.

In this study, In2O3 thin films were deposited on quartz substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique at room temperature and followed by thermally annealing at 300℃, 400℃ and 500℃ for 1 hour. The optical band gap was found to increase with the annealing temperature from 3.5 to 3.85 eV and the transmittance was observed above 90%. XRD results show that the films are polycrystalline in nature and crystallizes with preferred orientation (222). SEM images show that the films are high homogenous and they contained uniformly distributed small grains.

In this paper, RF Magnetron sputtered TiO2 thin films deposited on glass slices at various powers (75,100,125 and 150) Watt for (1.5) hour and different thickness (62.5-88-118 and 132.6) nm, the TiO2 thin films annealed with 400°C for 2 hour and the morphology and structure of these films are described by X-ray diffraction XRD and atomic force microscopy AFM to show the phase structure. X-ray diffraction investigation uncovered that the crystalline size of the TiO2 thin films displays an expanding pattern with increasing the sputtering power. The preferred orientation of (101) was watched for the films deposited with sputtering power of (75,100,125 and 150) Watt.

In this present work we have synthesized stable silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by chemical reduction with aqueous solutions of silver nitrate (i) propylene glycol (ii) glycerin as reducing agents and guar gum as a stabilizer. The reaction were done at room temperature and at pH=8. Systematic characterizations of the Ag-NPs were done using UV-Vis, zeta potential analysis, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), AFM and SEM which reveal stable Ag-NPs. These measurements indicate that the particles are mostly spherical in shape. The UV-Vis spectra of the result solution of Ag-NPs show an absorption peak at 412 nm and 424 nm for using propylene glycol and for using glycerin respectively. These color occurring due to Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The SEM measurements gave a particle size of 40 -70 nm. Nano silver showed stability for long periods of time to more than nine months, and this can be an economical and effective way for wide scale synthesis of Ag-NPs which applicable for various medical therapies.

The mainly objective of groundwater studies is assessment the physical characterizations of water-bearing layers. Conducting and analyzing aquifer tests is one of the most efficient ways to assessment these characterizations. The aim of this research is to carry out hydrogeological investigation in Khan Al-Baghdadi area within Anbar Governorate in the west of Iraq to evaluate hydraulic properties of the most important groundwater aquifers in order to achieve optimum use of groundwater in term of sustainable water management by using Cooper-Jacob and Theis Recovery Test methods to calculate transmissivity and storage coefficient after field investigation of aquifers extended in the area where geographical position, elevations, static water levels, depths, thicknesses and maximum yields were carried out. The results showed that Khan Al-Baghdadi area has only confined aquifer within the geological formation extended in area. The average transmissivity and storage coefficient parameters, which calculated using two wells, drilled in the area were (33.966-1171) m2/day and (2.2*10-4-2.07*10-2) respectively, dependent on cooper-Jacob and Theis recovery solutions. Transmissivity distribution contour map showed increased values towards southwest part of the area while gradually decreased values was recorded in the eastern and southeast part of the area.

Lead and Chromium ion samples of five commercial samples of each of twenty brands of lipstick sold at locally markets in Iraq were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Samples of digested Lipstick were used, acid digestion method using acids HCl: HNO3 in ratio 1:3 were used before analysis. Average for analyzed samples were Pb, 0.10-4.85 ppm; Cr, 0.18-5.2 ppm. Samples No.9 and No.4 showed the least concentrations of Pb and Cr respectively. These values are not expected to be toxic to humans. However, exposure over long periods might cause accumulation of the elements in the body and even at low concentration; some metals could initiate allergic reactions.

The activity of urease purified from Proteus mirabilis bacteria was estimated using gamma iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3) which were obtained as standard in size (20- 40)nm, purity 99%. The enzyme activity was estimated by incubating the pure enzyme with various concentrations of nanoparticles ranged between (1- 6) μg/ml. The results indicates a decrease in enzymatic activity with increasing of nanoparticles concentration. After that, the concentration of blood urea was measured using urease obtained from a standard kit, urease purified from Proteus mirabilis and the urease- gamma iron nanoparticles solution. The comparison was then made among the results of urea concentrations by statistical analysis using T-test. The results showed that there is no significant difference between the results obtained from urease standard kit and urease purified from the bacteria, this is due to the efficiency of urease purified from the bacteria. On the other hand, the results showed that there is a significant difference (P≤ 0.01) in urea concentrations obtained from urease- gamma iron oxide nanoparticles solution due to the inhibition of the enzyme which lost its activity by nanoparticles.

TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films are widely used as antireflection coating in solar cell, in this paper, RF magnetron sputtering technique is used to prepare TiO2 thin film on glass substrates, TiO2 thin films deposited under different powers (75,100,125 and 150) Watt for (1.5) hour resulted in different layer thickness (62.5,88,118 and 132.6) nm respectively. The optical properties examined by UV-VIS spectroscopy. TiO2 thin films exhibit a high transparency in the region from about 350 nm above, we suggest that these results indicate the most suitable growing conditions for obtaining high quality sputtered TiO2 thin films with higher transparence performance for solar cell application. the optical absorbance coefficient for all films were genuinely high esteems coming to above 104 cm-1, which implies that there is allowed direct transitions, the energy gab reach to the typical value of the bulk TiO2 (3.5) eV.

Alzheimer's-disease (AD) is one of the prevalent diseases that afflict the elderly. The medical field defines Alzheimer is the destruction of brain cells so that the person loses knowledge and perception, afflict both sexes and is called dementia. The medical field often suffers from accurate diagnosis and detection of the disease in the early stages. This paper presents a diagnostic approach of Alzheimer based on K-mean clustering algorithm with Markov random field segmentation on Magnetic Reasoning Images (MRI) to build software able to help the medical staff identifying and diagnosis the disease. The experimental result shows that 91% accuracy is achieved, which demonstrate the system's reliability in the medical diagnostic environment.

In this study, antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies and ethyl acetate extracts of Albizzia lebbeck leaves were examined in-vitro with (2) two pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Proteus) and yeast (Candida albicanus), following agar well diffusion method using different concentrations (25, 50, and 100μl). The extracts of Agaricus bisporus and Albizzia lebbeck were showed potent antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria and yeast. Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies extract was showed the highest inhibitory effect versus growth of bacteria and yeast were tested in this study. The E. coli and Proteus were found to show large sensitivity to the extracts of Agaricus bisporus with 12 and 13mm inhibition zones respectively at 25 μl concentration while Candida albicanus was more resistant to this extract with inhibition zone of 9mm at 25 μl concentration. In the same time the inhibition zone of Albizzia lebbeck against E coli, Proteus and Candida albicanus were 12, 10.8, 6mm respectively at 25 μl concentration.

In this paper, effects of temperature and concentration on the absorption spectra for Polyvinyl chloride solutions are studied at wavelengths from 200 to 400 nm and with the range of temperature 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 degrees (Co). Electronic absorption spectra were examined over the wavelength range 200-400 nm by different concentrations (1x10-3, 8x10-4, 6.5x10-4, 5x10-4 and 3x10-4)[M]. The UV spectra shifted slightly towards large wavelength with increasing the temperature. The values of the energy gap of polyvinyl chloride are decreasing as concentration and temperature increased. The data shows that the refractive index of the polymer decreases with increasing the wavelength and temperature. The relationship between the absorption coefficient and photon energy of the PVC solutions are calculated.