AL-AMEED JOURNAL

This study investigates the aesthetic stylistic devices used by
Al-Imam Mohammed Al-Baqir (A.S.) in three wills. Consequently, it
tries to achieve the following aims:(1) Investigating the types of aesthetic
devices used.(2) Showing the most dominant stylistic devices
used along with their frequencies, and (3) Identifying the role of
these devices in delivering the intended meaning.
It is hypothesized that: (1)The semantic aesthetic devices are the
more frequent ones used by Al-Imam (A.S) than others. (2)Parallelism
is the most dominant device in Al-Imam's wills. (3)The aesthetic
devices contribute to the interpretation of the theme.
The following procedures are followed: (1) Reviewing the literature
about linguistic aesthetic expressions represented by phonological,
semantic, and syntactic devices. (2) Analyzing the wills of Al-Imam
Al-Baqir (A.S) to determine the frequency of occurrence of the aesthetic
devices and their functions. The three wills analysed are: The
Address of Inattention of Imam Al- Baqir (A. S), his Will of Knowledge
and his Will about the' World'. It is found out that all the aims
above are validated.

Imam Al-Baqar is the inheritor of his fathers in the sciences of
the messenger of Allah as the sciences are documented at their
hand and lives in an important phase in the Islamic history that
pays much scientific heed to the Glorious Quran ، chronicles and
intentions. Moreover the imam confronts many a challenge as
his time passes through certain social، intellectual and political
deviations and employs the sciences and strategies of his fathers
to cope with these challenges .

The current article discusses the role of Imam Al-Baqar ( Peace
be upon him ) in the face of the doctrinal deviations occurring
in his time and before ,and affecting the Islamic heritage and
culture. One of the most important deviations is the impersonationر
and simulation band adopted by the Umayyad state through its
innovators and jurists and then it is called the people of speech ،
Ahl al-Hadith. Moreover the Kharijites, who deviate from imam Ali
( Peace be upon him ) and set certain doctrinal views themselves ،
Almtazdl which is a school believing in neutral political positions
to the Umayyad authority and in some stances derailing from the
original Islamic doctrines . Finally ، the exaggerating deviating band
from Shiites who desecrate the loyalty to the Ahalalbayt and convey
a distorted image of them.

The present article tries ، although brief, to answer to
the following question: What is the meaning and denotation of
‘Aql " ، reason, from the perspective of Islamic religious texts?
Without doubt it is important to broach such a question in the age
of prevalence of rationality and excessive rationality in the west.
It can be deducted from the words of lexicographers
,Qur’anic verses and Islamic narrations that the Arabic words that
are synonymic or close in meaning to the word ‘Aql ، reason, are:
Lubb, al-nahya, al-ḥijr, al-ḥijā, al-ghalb, al-ḥilm, al-fahm, al-miska
and al-kiyāsa which all indicate one unique essence that is ‘Aql ،
reason, meaning the faculty of understanding and recognition of
the facts of the existence through the edifying knowledge which
guides to righteous deeds and obedience to Allah. The difference
between these words originates from different effects of reason so
the difference results from different viewpoints. It can be known
from lexicon books ، Qur’anic verses and Islamic narrations that
these four words: al-jahl (ignorance)، al-sifāha (stupidity)، al-ḥumgh
(silliness)، al-junūn (insanity) are used in line with the reason.
From those who discover reason and its significances are
Al-Allamah Al-Majlesi and Al-Allamah Al- Ḥur Al-‘Ᾱamili and Al-
Muḥāsibī ، yet they have different views about it.

For poets to pay a great a

In fourth century ، the phenomenon of the craftsmanship
organization surges into effect in Iraq ، Islam and its teachings
tend to be the reason to promote the state of the labour and the
craftsman in the society . That is why the Muslims run into working
; some scientists are known for their craftsmanship. With the
process of time ، categorization and craftsman system set certain
regulations ، ways and methods to reach professionality according
to the knowledge and practice ranks of the craftsmanship and the
labour ethics and then to be developed as skilled and specialized .To
be a craftsman there should be a specific ceremony and knowledge
under the observation of the scientists and the public . With the
advent of the development and the diversity of the craftsmanship
، the necessity of organization and erecting general regulations
all obey float into surface to defend their private and public
rights. Such leads to have a bond between the state ، guilds and
the craftsmanship organization in light of monitoring ، punishing ،
intervening to settle disputes and preventing to transgress the rights
، private and public. Moreover ، the organization of craftsmanship
and guilds in Iraq takes so important a role in the Islamic Arabic
economy able to determine its quantity، quality and price and also
to have a social and cultural activity ; participating in the cultural
and social events.

Iraq confronts a critical food state as there is a wave of increasing
prices in the global markets casting the country under a serious
problem which reduces the importance of the agriculture sector
in the country . Thus the growing reliance on external products
to feed the population and the decline of the percentage area of
agriculture result in the deterioration of the value of agricultural
output and the per capita income of the person . There emerges a
food gap increasing from the beginning of the nineties of the last
century to the present ، reaching its height, that is why the food
importing becomes a heavy burden on the national state budgets
and drains a significant portion of national income in the foreign
markets to meet the growing need to the food. In conclusion ، the
rates of degradation becomes a threat to self-sufficiency in the food
security representing one of the essential components of national
security.