Tikrit Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. in Iraq it ranks the first among the population and the leading cause of cancer related female mortality. The purpose of this study is to assess the cytotoxicity of indomethacin and doxorubicin on the breast cancer cell line AMJ13.Additionally, they support how these drugs either promote or discourage cell development or death. Lastly, to research the combined impact of both drugs on cell activity.The investigation of study made use AMJ13 cell line. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated using the methyl thiazolyltetrazolium test and ranged between 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.2 µg /ml. The same method was applied to the combination study. The combination index was calculated using the compuSyn software to determine the inhibitor doses that were most effective methods. In treated and untreated breast cancer cell lines, crystal violate morphological alterations and Acridine orange / Propidium iodide apoptosis were used. AMJ13showed reduction in the proliferation, growth, cell viability, and induced morphological changes and apoptosis. Through apoptosis induction, there were cytotoxic effects of Indomethacin, Doxorubicin and the combination as well. The percentages of AMJ13 cell growth inhibition by Indomethacin concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.2 μg/ml) were (41.3%, 33.3%, 19.5%, 7.3%, 4.3%, and 2.3%) respectively. The Median Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) value of Indomethacin ranged (314 to 959.8 μg/ml is 549 μg/ml). The percentages of AMJ13 cell growth inhibition by Doxorubicin (GI %) were (58.8%, 46.4%, 32.3%, 23.8%, 11.3%, and 0.896%) at each concentration, respectively. The Median Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) value of Doxorubicin ranged (162.2 to 308.3μg/ml is 223.6μg/ml) At each of the aforementioned concentrations. the percentages of co-treatment-induced AMJ13 cell growth inhibition (GI) are (62.2%,37%,28.2%,18.8%,8.7%, and 1.6%), respectively. The CompuSyn Isobologram was employed, and the co-treatment IC50 value.

The primary goal of the study was to examine how to lessen indomethacin's negative effects while boosting its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.The yield of methanolic Urtica dioica extract during thirteen siphons was 250 gm ±2.68% per 5 gm Urtica dioica . In sixty male mice, control given five was dosed, Urtica dioica given five was dosed with 10,20,40,60, and 80, and indomethacin given five subgroups was dosed with 10, 15, 25,30, and 35 mg. The nociceptive stimulus was realized with analgesia and anti-inflammatory parameters. This study aimed to evaluate the Urtica dioica and indomethacin as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy and referenced free-form indomethacin in mice.

The study was conducted on (60) sheep, divided into two groups: The first (healthy) group: numbered 10 ewes and were considered a control group: The second group: included 50 sheep, 40 of which were ewes recently aborted in the last two months of pregnancy, and 10 rams suspected of being infected with brucellosis, from various areas in the city of Tikrit, where the animals were examined serologically by the Rose benal and indirect ELISA tests, and blood parameters were measured by complete blood count. The study noted through the serological tests that 40% of the ewes were infected and 20% of the rams were infected through the Rose benal test. The infection rate of ewes was 30% and that of rams was 20% through the indirect ELISA test. The study also noted that there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the temperature, respiratory and pulse rates of the infected animals compared to the healthy group. As for blood tests, the study noted that there was a significant decrease in Some blood values, which included the RBCs, Hb,PCV,MCV,MCH,MCHC when compared with the healthy animals, while they showed only a significant increase in ESR rate. and it also showed a significant increase TWBC and neutrophils in infected animals. The study concluded that ewes were more susceptible to infection than rams. The study showed that the impact of the disease on the abortion of pregnant ewes and the health condition of ewes and rams will lead to a major economic loss as a result of the destruction of fetuses and ewes.

Aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Because aspirin nonselectively blocks COX-1 and COX-2 via irreversible acetylation. COX-2 regulates many functions such as augmentation of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, and it has anticancer effect. The aim of the present study was to detect Dose dependent cytotoxicity effect of Aspirin on MCF7 cell line proliferation and activity. Aspirin concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.2µg/ml). aspirin, was tested for cytotoxicity against the breast cancer cell line MCF7 using the MTT assay. The results showed that aspirin has cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells. the IC50 of the aspirin dose dependent treated range (from 243.3 to 888.6 µg/ml was (465 µg/ml). reduction in the growth, viability, proliferation, and change in morphology of cancer cells and apoptosis, all this effect increased with the increasing concentration of aspirin. Growth inhibition (GI) at highest concentration (1000µg/ml).is 35.5 %.and in lowest concentration (31.2µg/ml) is 4.8 %. In conclusion, aspirin has anticancer cytotoxicity effect.

This study was prepared to detect anemia in Awassi sheep by identifying changes in some blood values, categorizing anemia phenotypically, and studying its effect on some trace minerals. 225 blood samples were taken From Awassi sheep reared on natural pastures in certain parts of the Salah al-Deen and Nineveh governorates. The ages of the animals ranged from 1 to 5 years, with 150 cases of many types of anemia and 75 healthy cases as a control group. The results of blood tests showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the volume of packed blood cells (PCV), hemoglobin (HB), total number of red blood cells (RBC count), MCV, there was no significant difference in the concentration of hemoglobin (MCHC) between infected and healthy animals in microcytic normochromic anemia. In macrocytic normochromic anemia, the results showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the size of PCV, hemoglobin HB, and the total number of red blood cells (RBC count), and a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the MCV and the amount of hemoglobin MCH, and there was no significant difference in Hemoglobin MCHC concentration between infected and healthy animals. In normocytic normochromic anemia, the results showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the volume of packed cells PCV, hemoglobin HB, and total number of red blood cells (RBC count), and there was no significant difference in the volume of MCV, the amount of hemoglobin MCH, and the concentration of hemoglobin MCHC between infected and healthy animals. In macrocytic hypochromic anemia, the results showed a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the size of packed cells volum, hemoglobin, and the total number of red blood cells, and a significant increase in corpuscle size and the amount of hemoglobin, and a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the concentration of hemoglobin between infected and healthy animals. The results of biochemical tests showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the concentration of total protein and minerals ( phosphorous (P), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) in infected animals compared to the control group.

The place where the experiment was conducted was the animal house. The duration was 30 days, the number of birds was 60, and their weights ranged from 75 grams - 110 grams. Also, the dose of gabapentin used was 990 mg/kg.The aim of this study was to know the effect of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide on the drug response to gabapentin and to compare this effect with normal chicks, as well as to know the effect of oxidative stress on neurotransmitters (kappa and glutamate), and antioxidants (malonaldehyde and glutathione).Giving hydrogen peroxide caused oxidative stress in chicken chicks in a significant way through a significant increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde and a significant decrease in the concentration of glutathione. In addition, giving gabapentin increased this effect in stressed chicken chicks compared to normal chickens. Giving gabapentin resulted in a significant increase in the neurotransmitter kappa while keeping the concentration of glutamate close to the negative control group, while hydrogen peroxide caused an increase in the concentration of both the neurotransmitters kappa and glutamate. In addition, giving gabapentin and hydrogen peroxide worked together to significantly increase both kappa and glutamate.We conclude from this study that oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in chicken chicks led to an increase in the pharmacological effectiveness of gabapentin, in addition to the occurrence of harmful toxic effects at the level of neurotransmitters and antioxidants.

The purpose of this study was to look into the effect of nifedipine on the activity of Leydig cells. reduction by liposomes containing nifedipine and sodium nitroprusside by measuring the functional characteristics of Leydig cells in vitro. There were two main groups created; the first received treatment with regular nifedipine - sodium nitroprusside , and the second received treatment with liposomally encapsulated nifedipine - sodium nitroprusside. Nifedipine concentration was in 20 µl and SNP concentration was in 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µl, respectively. A positive control group and a negative control group served as additional controls.The results of Leydig cells revealed that nifedipine had a negative effect on inhibiting the activity of Leydig cells in vitro, steroidogenesis. It was also discovered that SNP had a positive stimulatory effect on Leydig cells at low concentrations.The current study found that liposomes containing nifedipine - sodium nitroprusside reduced nifedipine negative side effects on leydig cells and steroidogenesis, while also improving steroid activity in Leydig cells.

Background : One of the most deadly diseases affecting chickens is Newcastle disease. Both the poultry industry and household village hens suffer severe losses of Diseases. Due to the free-ranging nature of domestic chickens in villages, there is a significant likelihood that they may come into touch with wild birds, which may serve as a reservoir for numerous viral infections .Aims: The current study was conducted to clarify the real evidence that the Layer chickens play important role in the epidemiology source of NDV. Methods : Group of Layer chickens were used at 50 and150 day old for identification of the NDV. Antibody Rapid Test Kit (BIO-TEK Instruments Inc., USA) used to identify the positive cases, all positive cases by this kit were tested by Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to determine the antibody titers against NDV in all study groups. Results : Current study revealed that antibodies against NDV were detected with the mean titer of 11286.42± and 2232.391to each age groups respectively In 90 serum samples taken from hens without a history of Vaccination from five districts in the Diyala province between September and October 2023, the ELISA test was performed to look for antibodies against the Newcastle disease virus. Post-mortem lesions in the nervous, digestive, and reproductive systems have been documented. The severe alterations has appeared in the female reproductive system, such as hemorrhagic stigmata on the ovarian follicles. Proventricular mucosal bleeding and necrotic hemorrhage areas on the mucosal surface of the gut, particularly the cercal tonsils, were found in the digestive system. Proventiculus liver, cecal tonsils, spleen, kidney, brain, and heart all underwent histopathological alterations. The ELISA test result during the study period showed high levels during and after 7 days after infection NDV .By ELISA 97% of sera were found to be positiveConclusionsInfectious Newcastle Disease virus infection was endemic inlayer chickens of Diyala Governorate regardless of the control program using commercial vaccines. It seems the maternal antibodies and vaccination did not protect chickens against NDV infection, which might indicate the virus circulation in industrial farms in the study area. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct more Serological studies for local detection of the viruses and the preparation of NDV vaccine from local isolates.

The primary objective of this study was to enhance the therapeutic potential of conventional Lidocaine by encapsulating it within a phytosome derived from ordinary pumpkin seed oil. This modification was pursued with dual aims: to enhance the physical stability of the oil and to improve the therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the adverse effects typically associated with Lidocaine. To evaluate the therapeutic impact of Nano-phytosome pumpkin-lidocaine gel (referred to as Nano-Lidocaine) on the healing of third-degree burn wounds .A cohort of thirty adult rabbits, comprising both male and female individuals aged between 10 and 18 weeks, characterized by white fur and weighing between 2.5 to 3 kg, was utilized. These rabbits were stratified into five groups, each consisting of five subjects: Negative Control Group: This group received no treatment and served as the baseline control for comparison. Positive Control Group: In this group, rabbits were administered empty liposomes, serving as a control for the liposomal carrier without active ingredients. Ordinary Pumpkin Seed Oil Group: Rabbits in this group received treatment with ordinary pumpkin seed oil, serving as a reference for evaluating the therapeutic effects of the base oil. Nano-Lidocaine 100% Gel Group: Rabbits in this group were treated with Nano-Lidocaine gel at a concentration of 100%, containing both Lidocaine and pumpkin phytosomes. Nano-Phytosome Pumpkin 100% Gel Group: Rabbits in this group were treated with Nano-Phytosome pumpkin gel at a concentration of 100%, serving as a control for the carrier without Lidocaine. After a 30-day treatment period, it was observed that both Nano-Lidocaine gel (100%) and Nano-Phytosome pumpkin gel (100%) demonstrated significant wound contraction, with measurements of 0.235 cm and 0.274 cm, respectively. These results were in stark contrast to the ordinary pumpkin seed oil-treated group, as well as both the negative and positive control groups, which exhibited measurements of 0.313 cm, 0.313 cm, and 0.274 cm, respectively. In conclusion, the study successfully developed a Nano-Lidocaine formulation encapsulated within pumpkin phytosomes, which exhibited enhanced therapeutic effects in terms of wound healing. These findings suggest the potential utility of this novel formulation in clinical applications, particularly for the treatment of third-degree burn wounds.