Journal of Alsalam University

The social aspects and adopters are one of the pillars of
political parties, but the Lebanese parties did not give them
the attention they gave in their program and constitutions to
the required extent, except within narrow limits, which did
not exceed the inclusion of part of their aspects in the party’s
articles in theory.
The importance of this research lies in its focus and followup
of the social adopters of the Lebanese parties since their
inception until Lebanon obtained its independence from the
French mandate and domination.

God made the human personality the substance of goodness and
the substance of corruption. Man, by nature, is prepared to do good
and evil. He is a dual-directed creature, meaning that the nature of
his constitution is equipped with equal preparations for good and
evil, guidance and misguidance. He is able to distinguish between
what is good and what is evil. He is also able to direct Himself for
good and evil.
The Holy Qur’an came to depict human nature on the two sides
of good and evil, in people who represent both sides, so that these
characters would be a set example for generations in every time
and place, era and Egypt, in which they see themselves; This will
encourage one to practice goodness and deter one from falling into
.evil
A good, positive personality offers its best in order to enjoy
goodness for itself and those around it. It is characterized by
goodness, mastery, and success. It is always guided by the guidance
of the prophets to whom it was sent, and its view of the universe
and life is balanced and positive. The Holy Qur’an, in its Meccan
section, has intended to depict the good personality in a descriptive
manner. Pictorial, such that the one who is familiar with the Qur’anic
verses sees this model moving and feels its intense inner emotions,
recognizes them accurately and judges the person’s faith based on
those characteristics. Then the Madinan Qur’an added immigration,
.support, and jihad to the believing character

Tourism planning is an effective means of achieving tourism, economic,
social, and environmental development. Developing and enhancing the
tourism sector can contribute to the development of all other productive
sectors by creating job opportunities and consequently raising individual and
national income through the gains and revenues achieved in foreign currencies.
Advanced countries rely on tourism planning to achieve their development
goals, while less developed countries in tourism seek to adopt the experiences
of advanced countries and adopt their approach to tourism planning to build an
advanced tourism sector that contributes to achieving comprehensive national
development through the development of the tourism sector.
In this research, we have addressed tourism planning and tourism
services from various aspects, as well as the nature of the relationship between
them. We have explained the importance of tourism planning in developing
demand for tourism services through three chapters that focus on studying the
following topics:
11. Tourism planning (the importance of tourism planning, objectives of tourism
planning, levels of tourism planning, advantages and benefits of tourism
planning, and characteristics of tourism planning).
22. Tourism services (the concept of tourism services, the importance of tourism
services, types of tourism services, characteristics of tourism services, and
the quality of tourism services).
33. The relationship between tourism planning and tourism services (the
importance of tourism planning in spatial distribution of tourism services,
the importance of tourism planning in providing tourism services, the
importance of tourism planning in achieving the efficiency of tourism
services, and the importance of tourism planning in preserving tourism
service facilities).

Some small-scale countries and populations depend on activating
their geo-economic capabilities to compensate for their poverty for
other factors, especially since the requirements of the effectiveness of
the political role of any country remains subject in part to the total of
resources available with all its contents. Qatar comes in terms of ranking
in the third place in the world as a supplier of liquefied natural gas, and
this would make a country like China to seek to be bound by long-term
contracts to obtain sources of energy guaranteed, just as Qatar is looking
for permanent markets for it, in light of competition with other countries
trying to catch up with it in terms of (gas liquefaction) such as Australia,
Canada, the United States, Russia, Iran and Algeria.
Therefore, the Qatari decision-maker went to activate the role of the
geo-economic variable to build the capabilities of the State of Qatar
in the field of foreign policy, and to play political roles in the regional
environment with greater than its political, economic and human weight,
and perhaps its investment in the wave of democracy that swept the
Arab region, may anger its neighboring parties and share with social,
economic and security construction, and the nature of external alliances.
It seeks to perform an effective foreign policy that guarantees alliances
and partnerships with active regional and international countries, based
on economic strength derived from the good employment of its geoeconomic
ability in the field of liquefied gas.
Especially since it is one of the largest countries in natural gas reserves
in the world, and this is its people to be influential in the field of its
supply, especially to the emerging countries and European countries in
light of the Russian gas outage as a result of the Ukrainian war, and the
high prices of American shale gas.

Over the past five years, the scope of illicit transactions between
states has expanded and expanded significantly, both in size and scope,
posing new challenges to the rule of law, sustainable development and
even security dynamics. With its well-established production of these
transactions largely concentrated in areas controlled by some regimes
that need these transactions in order to support their economies, many
regional countries have worked to be a source and importer of illicit
transactions, and these transactions have become an alternative source
of income for those political systems that suffer from Financially strapped,
subject to sanctions, and an instrument of influence on the diplomatic
stage. Many regional regimes have benefited from their agency in trade,
violent cross-border smuggling networks, and their endless coordination
with the actors affiliated with them to achieve their goals of normalizing
relations with them regionally and granting concessions (trafficking
in influence) , However, the efforts of these regimes have come under
pressure with the increasing demands of regional neighbors to limit the
flow of these types of illicit transactions and the ability to prohibit them.
Based on their acquisition of experience in illicit dealing, these systems
began, through producers and smugglers allied with them and with the
security services of the receiving systems, motivated to maintain their
large profits. They went on to identify new routes and markets outside
their main destinations. As a result, criminal networks established new
transit routes across countries. Regional, and even established points in
various parts of the world.

The death penalty is considered one of the most severe and cruel
punishments stipulated by law, and its application in the appropriate
place is fair with its severity. It is also employed in a way that
serves society and its security. There are crimes whose cruelty exceeds
the severity of this punishment, such as the crime of premeditated
murder. When the criminal assassinates an innocent person,
there is no justice in the crime. To give the criminal more life than
he gave his victim. Therefore, the death penalty is the check that
prevents the disintegration of the social order and the necessary
weapon to curb the deviants. There is nothing wrong with its cruelty
as long as it achieves the preservation of the nation

Preserving the soul is the second universal objective of Sharia law,
and taking care of it with great care, and if life cannot be acquired,
it must be preserved. Religion came in order to achieve the interest
of man, so the rulings legislated what would bring benefits to it
and repel harm from it. This is an exaggeration in preserving and
preserving it, and warding off aggression. on her.

Jurisprudence in religion is considered one of the most honorable sciences، the
greatest reward، and the most complete benefit and virtue. Therefore، God Almighty
has prepared for this nation those who devote their lives and thoughts to this science.
Among the most prominent of these scholars in this field is the venerable scholar Imam
Al-Shafi’i (may God have mercy on him)، and he learned much jurisprudence from him،
whether he was From his old or new jurisprudence، then God made fun of the knowledge
of Imam al-Shafi’i from those who memorized it and deduced its principles and
deduced its principles from his students and their students after them. Then God made
fun of those who collected the sayings of Imam al-Shafi’i and the faces of his companions
and their graduations from the jurisprudence of the Imam - may God have mercy
on him.
This collection and arrangement took place in two ways، one of which was known
as the method of the Iraqis، and the other was known as the method of the Khorasanis.
These methods differed in the narration of some issues. For example، the Iraqis narrated
the doctrine on one of the issues that had two opinions or two aspects، while the
Khorasanis narrated the doctrine on the same issue، but in three opinions or three aspects.
Or one of them narrates two opinions on the issue، while the other narrates two
aspects of the same issue and does not say that there are opinions on it، but rather they
are aspects and so on. For this reason، I chose to direct my research on the comparison
in the story of the doctrine between Al-Mawardi in his book Al-Hawi Al-Kabir، who is
one of the notables of the Iraqi order، and Al-Juwayni، known as ( Imam of the Two
Holy Mosques) In his book، Nihayat al-Muttalib fi Dirayah al-Madhab، he is one of the
notables of the Khorasani order، especially since the two books I mentioned are considered
the basic reference for knowing the number of sayings، aspects، and methods
mentioned in the issues، then explaining the impact of that on Shafi’i jurisprudence،
and the issues that I wrote on this subject were in ablution.

The study is concerned with one of the most important
aspects of the choices in the science of jurisprudence ،which is
the discussion of issues in fundamentalist topics that begin with
liberating the subject of the dispute ،discussing the opinions
of the fundamentalists and their evidence ،and knowing the
most correct opinion. To explain the topic ،I chose the book
Al-Dhakhir Al-Harir ،with an explanation of Mukhtasar Al-
Tahrir by Ahmed Al-Baali ،and the study followed the inductive
approach. The descriptive approach is to explain the elements
of the topic ،through reviewing and studying issues from the
book.

The aim of the study was to determine capital adequacy theoretically.
It also explains the relationship between capital adequacy
and financial efficiency of banks. The aim was also to demonstrate
the extent of the impact of capital adequacy on the financial efficiency
of banks. The study used the descriptive analytical method،
where the researcher collected data on the Baghdad and Al-Mansour
banks for the period 2011-2015. The study reached many results،
the most important of which are: The results of the study
showed that there is an impact of capital adequacy on the financial
performance of the Bank of Baghdad. The study also recommends
taking into account the return on assets as it is an essential element
in the efficiency of banks، as attention to it indicates the efficiency
of the studied banks’ investments.

This research aims to know and clarify the issue of administrative empowerment
and its role in raising the efficiency of job performance in the
Iraqi commercial banks in Anbar Governorate, and to know the concept
of administrative empowerment, and the performance of employees,
as the researcher relied on the analytical descriptive approach, and the
study included four chapters, the first chapter dealt with the general
framework of the study Such as the problem of the study and the importance
of the study and previous studies and others, while the second
chapter dealt with the nature of administrative empowerment, where it
explained the concept and importance of administrative empowerment,
its dimensions and characteristics, while the third chapter dealt with basic
concepts in the efficiency of performance handling, as it explained
the concept and importance of job performance efficiency, and the dimensions
and characteristics of performance efficiency career.The fourth
chapter dealt with the scientific section of the study, and explained the
study community and its tools. At the end of the letter, the most important
findings and recommendations of the study were mentioned.

Jizyah is a type of tax taken from the People of the Book,
such as Jews and Christians, for the land or property they own,
in exchange for their protection and defense by Muslims. The
jizya is imposed on the people of Dhimmah living in Islamic
countries, and some people are excluded from it, such as
children, the insane, and women.

The research is based on providing a reading of grammatical
thought in the linguistic representation of the Nazim Ibn Mu’at and
the explainer Ibn al-Khabbaz in the millennium Durra, where Arabic
grammar was able to be a milestone in the field of knowledge and
the field of linguistic research through the flags of senior provided
Arab and non-Arab libraries with literature and classifications, and
these names are famous such as Hebron, Sibawayh, Serafi, Ibn
Malik and many others who have received the honor of attention
and care, and some of them have been neglected and forgotten for
one reason or another Perhaps one of these names that did not
help the reference and who was in the box of oblivion (Ibn Muat),
who is considered the pioneer of systems in grammar, and on his
approach walked grammarians who came after him, headed by Ibn
Malik.
The aim was to shed light on the efforts of Ibn Mu’ati and Ibn
al-Khabbaz in grammatical recitation by representation in the book
“The Hidden Surprise of Ibn al-Khabbaz (d. ٦٣٩ AH) in Sharh al-
Durra al-Millennium by Ibn Mu’at (d. ٦٢٨ AH)”, and to show their
methodology by inference by example made in many grammatical
issues in analysis and derivation of rules and provisions.

The research relates to the rulings on guidance in Hajj and its study
through the choices of Ibn al-Faras in comparison with the schools
of jurisprudence. Ibn al-Faras is considered one of the investigators
of the Maliki school of thought, and his book Ahkam al-Qur’an is
considered an encyclopedia that included various fundamentalist
and jurisprudential investigations. Therefore, I called this research
“The Jurisprudential Choices of Ibn al-Faras Al-Andalusi (d. 579 AH)
(On the sacrifice in Hajj in his book Ahkam al-Qur’an/A Comparative
Study), and I divided it into two sections, making the first section
on the concept of sacrificial animals and the introduction to Ibn al-
Faras al-Andalusi, and the second section on the ruling on eating
from a sacrificial animal.

If scholars set out to explain a book, they carefully look at the
phrases in the text, and if they find a phrase that needs correction,
they correct it. The correction can either be based on the phrase, or
on an illusion, or a confusion that the author made, or on the example
that was presented, or on the arrangement of some issues, and
the orator. Al-Sherbini, may God have mercy on him, explained all
of this in his explanation of Al-Badr Al-Tala’i in the solution to the
plural plurals of the mosques.

We mean by examining the roles of independent bodies in several
models of different political systems. we chose to focus on the
british parliamentary system and the French semi-presidential system,
while also discussing independent bodies in emerging systems
represented by the Iraqi political system. we shed light on the key
supervisory roles undertaken by independent financial oversight
bodies in the comparative research countries. we delved in to the
nature of these bodies, their evolutionary factors , jurisdictions, and
supervisory roles concerning their relationship with constitutional
institutions and authorities. we also assessed their effectiveness in
each system.