Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

Words and their meanings are the main material of the Arabic language, and dictionaries are its treasure. The Lisan al-Arab dictionary is the most popular in the Arabic research community. By virtue of reviewing it, it became clear that there are many words that have been abandoned along with their meanings in our contemporary usage. Due to the seriousness of this phenomenon, this research came to shed light on it by studying the abandoned words along with their meanings in contemporary usage. The researcher relied in monitoring the abandoned words on the academic environment in which he teaches and on his Arabic linguistic environment in central Iraq. Although the subject needs further investigation; The research presented a general conception of this dangerous phenomenon, and perhaps it will be a step towards monitoring the problems of our Arabic language in the contemporary era. The study was on the hamza chapter, as it contained 263 items, of which the research monitored 90 items that were completely abandoned, and there is a partial abandonment in other items. The research selected 27 abandoned samples from them, and they were studied in terms of the type of item, its content, and the nature of its words, with an attempt to diagnose the reasons for its abandonment, and propose solutions to address this problem.

The research deals with the copying of the function of addition in the Arabic sentence that includes the meaning of (lam, fi, min), which is a semantic phenomenon that occurs in the Arabic sentence with its general and specific functions, as the copying of the function is one of the important topics that clarify the semantic aspect, as through it the grammatical functions are determined. Knowing the position of the word in the context is a basic condition, and thus the functions of semantic copying are understood correctly with the help of the context from verbal and semantic clues. Referring to the origin of speech is a criterion for revealing it, so the study came to combine the theoretical aspect and the applied aspect, so the research was divided into two sections: the first: we dealt with copying linguistically and technically and the function linguistically and technically, and we also dealt with copying the syntax and copying the meaning, while the second section included: addition linguistically and technically, copying the function of addition in Arabic sentences and applied models that include verses from the Holy Quran, hadiths of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and poetic verses on that.

The research entitled (The Methodology of Psychological Orientation in Poetry - The Poetry of Muhammad bin Numayr al-Thaqafi as a Sample) explored one of the most important features of determining the psychological and guiding direction, which constituted a phenomenon and a basic goal in the poetry and life of the rare poet: Muhammad bin Numayr al-Thaqafi, who is one of the poets of the Umayyad era, whose poetry touched greatly on his modern stage, with all its details that linked it to his real life, especially on the level of emotion and conscience, and what is associated with it of immediate emotions that appeared clearly in his poetry, reflecting a group of personal feelings interspersed with painful situations, depicted for us by his psychological tendencies; Because he is the poet of chaste love, and his poetry is based on this foundation of loyalty and chastity, which his feelings and honest emotions translated poetically, it was necessary to reveal the moral ideal in his poetry, and at the same time to define the features of redemption in its human sublimity and dimensions, and to infer from it the aspect of chastity and poetic honesty that the poet considered part of it in the news narration and its poetic value according to the psychological perspective specified for it, when the poet is in a conversation of frank confrontation, and for his poetry to reveal a realistic treatment characterized by its humanity, with what his poetry possesses of genuine emotion that worked to clarify the psychological extent of the poet’s life, and to grant us the innocence and significance that it contains, and to reflect a psychological and social reality for its poetic aspects.

This study is based on examining the dimensions that time and place present to the poetic texts of the poet Ibn al-Zayyat and their extent on the intellectual, cultural, artistic and heritage framework and its connection to the poet’s life and personal experiences, and the psychological, social and aesthetic dimensions that the poet gives to his literary text and the vocabulary of time and place that makes the stick full of what is appropriate to the state in which the poet lives. In employing the words of time and place, it is a technique of the poet’s techniques according to data and mechanisms that support the small victory with the poet’s culture and experience - the temporal and spatial painting is linked to the poet’s feelings and suffering because of its profound impact on human life in form and content because the poet Ibn al-Zayyat had the intellectual, mental and linguistic level that he enjoyed and the ability to employ time and place in his poetry.

The research dealt with the opinions of Al-Mubarrad (d. 286 AH) that Imam Al-Jawhari (d. 400 AH) included in Al-Sihah, and with which he dealt with morphological issues. The value of the research lies in investigating and collecting Al-Mubarrad\'s morphological opinions, and clarifying their impact on Al-Jawhari\'s directives, and how he employed them to serve the words of his Al-Sihah dictionary? Especially since most of them focused on issues of morphological disagreement, Al-Mubarrad\'s opinions were the focus of the morphological context that Al-Jawhari presented. To prove his morphological conviction, and not far from the Basra School and its vigour, Abu al-Abbas al-Mubarrad stands as a giant of knowledge, and he gives al-Jawhari a perfect morphological compass for the issues of morphological disagreement among morphologists; to reach safe morphological shores, as he is the scholar whose fame spread, and linguists took his opinions and quotes, precise in expression, revealing with his shrewdness the expression of morphologists, as he saw the later Arabs, and took from them: language, grammar, morphology, and literature, so it is not surprising that he is at such a lofty position in knowledge and learning.

Praise be to God, and peace and blessings be upon the most eloquent and articulate of creation, our Master Muhammad (ﷺ), whom God Almighty honored with wisdom and eloquence, and upon his family and all his companions. And then:
In this research, I addressed a rhetorical topic in Sahih al-Bukhari, one of the most famous books of hadith, as a field for this research. The title is \"The Aesthetics of the Imperative Style in Sahih al-Bukhari.\" I discussed the aesthetics of the imperative style in the most famous books of hadith. The imperative verb is one of the rhetorical styles included in the science of semantics. I divided the research into an introduction and five sections: The first section: The imperative in the form (af\'al); the second: The imperative in the form (li-taf\'al); the third: The imperative in the form of warning (iyyaka); the fourth: The imperative verbs (the imperative particle); the fifth: The imperative in the form of a news verb and the words indicating the command. I then concluded the research with a conclusion, followed by a list of footnotes and a list of sources.

This research dealt with the idea of historical narration and its effectiveness, especially in the novel “A Clock in the King’s Pocket” by the novelist Maysloun Hadi. This research presented an overview of the novel and a glimpse of the novelist. After that, we will continue the journey by examining the evidence contained in the novel while studying the elements of historical narration and how to employ the elements of history and time. In the novel, which added a temporal dimension to the entire novel and made the recipient immersed in the event depicted within the folds of the novel, immersed in the scenes.

This study attempts to address the issue of proving the literary aspect of all the introductions that open books and research, especially literary ones, and that they are worthy of joining the group of prose literary arts such as stories, essays, oratory, maqama, and others. The research sheds light on the introduction to Al-Nazrat by the writer Al-Manfaluti, considering it an introduction that is suitable as a model for this study, which is based on tracking the literary characteristics of this type of art, and the extent to which its special conditions are available, while taking into account the literary and critical aspects inherent in the selected introduction, supported by evidence and examples.

This research deals with words that occurred once in the Quranic statement, and they came to be linked to a specific event, or to describe the condition of a specific person, and thus they were appropriate in their usage; as they were restricted to mentioning him and his condition. These words of the statement were appropriate in their place and faithful to their meaning, and no other word could replace them, even if it was close to it. Their suitability to the meaning for which they were established would not have been apparent except by considering their position, and being guided by the guidance of their context and miraculous arrangement. On this basis, the position was one of the most important clues that reveal the meanings of the Quranic statement. I found work by scholars that dealt with this type of expression, such as (The Garden of Single Expressions in the Qur’an), (The Single Words in the Holy Qur’an), (The Expressions That Occurred Once in the Qur’an: A Lexicon and Rhetorical Study), (The Expressions That Occurred Once in the Holy Qur’an: A Linguistic Study and Lexicon), and (The Semantic Consolidation of Expressions That Occurred Once in the Holy Qur’an). However, it was difficult for me to find some of these studies, so I was not able to obtain them. Moreover, the studies that I found did not look at these expressions from a precise semantic and rhetorical perspective, nor did they link them to their systems and contexts. They did not find a reason for their occurrence only once in a specific context, or their explanation was not convincing in some instances. Moreover, the expressions that I found dealt with them in terms of meaning (event, self, and attribute), which made them completely different from the work of those who came before.

Hadith is a source of legislation, as well as a source of language. The books of explanations of Hadith are full of linguistic research and its issues, due to their keenness to explain the Hadith of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Among these explanations is Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi bi Sharh Jami\' al-Tirmidhi by the great scholar and hafiz Abu al-Ala Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd al-Rahim al-Mubarakfuri (d. 1353 AH). The aim of this study is to know the inclusion and representation in the prepositions in Tuhfat al-Ahwadhi bi Sharh Jami\' al-Tirmidhi by al-Mubarakfuri. I combined the opinions of the Basrans and Kufians on the permissibility of inclusion and representation, and made the context the judge of whether the issue includes inclusion or representation, and this is in my opinion the middle opinion, and I took care in that to interpret the words of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in the best way, drawing attention to the meaning in every place.

Language is a single, integrated structure, composed of phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, and rhetoric. Each component influences the others. Grammatical positions in sentences influence rhetorical meanings, which have both apparent and inferred connotations, central or peripheral.
The beauty of expression in rhetoric stems from the solidity and strength of meaning. Meaning is shaped by grammatical positions in sentences and revealed by words. Grammatical positions influence simile sentences, which are a subset of rhetoric.

This research aims to shed light on the phenomenon of absurdity in Abu Nawas, as it was represented in many manifestations of his poetry. It came in an introduction and two chapters. The introduction dealt with the concept of absurdity, and the first chapter dealt with the moral manifestations of absurdity, which were represented in the prevalence of debauchery and obscenity in his poetry, and his infatuation with young boys. The second chapter dealt with the transgressions in his wine poems, which were represented in religious transgressions and his praise of wine. The conclusion came: It contains the most important results that I reached, including: that the patterns of moral absurdity are multiple, so that they come together around the non-compliance with the moral controls and rules known to people. The manifestations of moral absurdity in Abu Nawas revolved around two prominent trends: the prevalence of debauchery and obscenity in his poetry, and his fascination with and infatuation with young boys. The debauchery in Abu Nuwas's poetry was coupled with the purpose of satire, which represented the culture of the era, and which tended to exchange the most heinous words and meanings, especially the phenomenon of homosexuality, which spread widely in the Abbasid era. Abu Nuwas's obsession with young boys was evident as a manifestation of his debauched extravagance; he was fascinated by beardless young boys, and his description of them was coupled with numerous religious transgressions, including their entitlement to worship and control over the lives of servants, with no difference between them being Muslim or non-Muslim. His absurdity reached the point of making a Christian swear by the cross so that he would pass by him, so that he would exchange greetings and words with him.

The memory of the ego in the poetry of Abdul Razzaq Al-Rubaie has a distinctive presence resulting from the cultural and geographical diversity and the human experiences he went through. The ego was in his poetry in a diverse form that we addressed on two axes. The first one dealt with the ego in terms of time, represented by childhood, youth and old age. Each stage has its own memory and recollections and its impact on the poetic ego. As for the second axis, we addressed the states of the ego. The states of the ego are variable and not fixed, as they are between sadness and joy, optimism and pessimism, and each designation has its space and impact on the poet’s memory and his poetic production. This study came to shed light on the memory of the ego and its role in the process of literary production.

This research aims to identify the method of using data journalism in the website of the Iraqi News Agency and the purpose of its use, as data journalism is a new art of journalistic arts that came as a result of the integration of electronic journalism with digital technology to lead to a new form of modern journalism called data journalism, which works to simplify data and huge information and transform them from rigid texts into images and numbers that are easier and more understandable for the recipient. The problem of this research is summarized in the main question: To what extent is data journalism used in the website of the Iraqi News Agency? The importance of this study emerges from the significant role played by data journalism, especially since we live in a world with multiple sources of news. This is what prompted the researcher to choose this topic in light of expectations to obtain results related to the communication function of data journalism, as the researcher used the analytical survey method using the content analysis tool for the research community for the period from 1/1/2024 to 1/6/2024. The total content of infographics on the Iraqi News Agency website amounted to (159) topics. The research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which were:
1. Security topics ranked first among other topics on the Iraqi News Agency website in terms of the use of infographics.
2. The Iraqi News Agency website relied primarily on the descriptive style as the method of displaying infographics for ease of use and understanding by recipients.
3. The goal of using data journalism on the Iraqi News Agency website was (informational) to provide the public with information, news, and important topics in the form of data.

The study aimed to determine the extent to which journalists rely on citizen journalism as a source of journalistic information, and to identify the motivations behind Iraqi journalists' reliance on citizen journalism as a source of information. To achieve this, the researcher adopted a survey approach using a questionnaire using a comprehensive survey method. The research community consisted of (250) active members of the Journalists Syndicate in the media field.
The study reached the following results:
1. It was found that the degree of journalists' reliance on citizen journalism was (high), with the percentage of their reliance on citizen journalism reaching (6.41%).
2. One of the most important reasons for journalists' reliance on citizen journalism is (transmitting information at a very high speed without obstacles).

The educational institution is one of the important indicators of the advancement and development of societies and the elevation of their culture to a high level. Education and science are the clear water that sweeps away all backwardness in its path. Whenever you see ignorance present, you see all the ills of societies, from sectarian, ethnic or tribal conflicts, high levels of crime, backwardness in the field of construction and the economy, weak services, lack of respect for human rights, high levels of crime, etc., developed peoples pay great attention to the field of education at its various stages, ending with studies and research. Based on these problems, the researcher decided to conduct a social study to monitor these problems that stand in the way of the educational process in Iraqi society, and to shed light on their causes and obstacles and find solutions for them, according to the social analytical vision, and to develop successful solutions for decision-makers and education administration, to advance the reality towards a better educational future that places the country among the ranks of developed countries. From this standpoint, the research came to answer the following questions: What are the challenges that led to the decline in the level of education in Iraq? What are the obstacles facing the educational and learning institution in Iraq? The researcher reached a number of conclusions, including the fact that Iraqi society has recently suffered from deteriorating economic and political conditions, which have had a negative impact on the level of education and upbringing for a long period of time due to weak strategic planning in the educational system.